메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 7, 2000, Pages 750-765

ST radar observations of atmospheric waves over mountainous areas: A review

Author keywords

Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (Middle atmosphere dynamics; Waves and tides; Instruments and techniques)

Indexed keywords


EID: 0010506618     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00585-000-0750-2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (20)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 0027371420 scopus 로고
    • Mountain-wave drag in the stratosphere and mesosphere interred from observed winds and a simple mountain-wave parametrization scheme
    • Bacmeister, J. T., Mountain-wave drag in the stratosphere and mesosphere interred from observed winds and a simple mountain-wave parametrization scheme, J. Atmas. Sci., 50, 377-399, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Atmas. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 377-399
    • Bacmeister, J.T.1
  • 2
    • 0024844163 scopus 로고
    • Mountain waves in the tropical Pacific atmosphere: A comparison of vertical wind fluctuations over Pohnpei and Christmas Island using VHF wind profilers
    • Balsley, B. B., and D. A. Carter, Mountain waves in the tropical Pacific atmosphere: a comparison of vertical wind fluctuations over Pohnpei and Christmas Island using VHF wind profilers, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2698-2715, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 2698-2715
    • Balsley, B.B.1    Carter, D.A.2
  • 3
    • 0031870935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lee wave vertical structure monitoring using height-time analysis of VHF ST radar vertical velocity data
    • Caccia, J. L., Lee wave vertical structure monitoring using height-time analysis of VHF ST radar vertical velocity data, J. Appl. Meteorol., 37, 530-543, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.37 , pp. 530-543
    • Caccia, J.L.1
  • 4
    • 0031285309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Space-time description of nonstationary trapped lee waves using ST radars, aircraft, and constant volume balloons during the PYREX experiment
    • Caccia, J. L., B. Benech, and V. Klaus, Space-time description of nonstationary trapped lee waves using ST radars, aircraft, and constant volume balloons during the PYREX experiment, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1821-1832, 1997a.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 1821-1832
    • Caccia, J.L.1    Benech, B.2    Klaus, V.3
  • 5
    • 0031436553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ST radar evaluation of the standard deviation of the air vertical velocity perturbed by the local orography
    • Caccia, J. L., M. Crochet, and K. Saada, ST radar evaluation of the standard deviation of the air vertical velocity perturbed by the local orography, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 59, 1127-1131, 1997b.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. , vol.59 , pp. 1127-1131
    • Caccia, J.L.1    Crochet, M.2    Saada, K.3
  • 6
    • 0024850119 scopus 로고
    • Mountain waves, polar stratospheric clouds, and the ozone depletion over Antarctica
    • Cariolle, D., S. Müller, F. Cayla, and M. P. McCormick, Mountain waves, polar stratospheric clouds, and the ozone depletion over Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11 233-11 240, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 11233-11240
    • Cariolle, D.1    Müller, S.2    Cayla, F.3    McCormick, M.P.4
  • 7
    • 0029544995 scopus 로고
    • Inertio-gravity wave parameter estimation from cross-spectral analysis
    • Cho, J. Y. N., Inertio-gravity wave parameter estimation from cross-spectral analysis, J. geophys. Res., 100, 18 727-18 737, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 18727-18737
    • Cho, J.Y.N.1
  • 8
    • 0024875291 scopus 로고
    • Observations of low-frequency gravity waves in the lower stratosphere over Arecibo
    • Cornish, C. R., and M. F. Larsen, Observations of low-frequency gravity waves in the lower stratosphere over Arecibo, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2428-2439, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 2428-2439
    • Cornish, C.R.1    Larsen, M.F.2
  • 9
    • 0642281529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VHF radar observations of turbulent structures in the polar mesopause region
    • Czechowsky, P., and R. Rüster, VHF radar observations of turbulent structures in the polar mesopause region. Ann. Geophysicae, 15, 1028-1036, 1997.
    • (1997) Ann. Geophysicae , vol.15 , pp. 1028-1036
    • Czechowsky, P.1    Rüster, R.2
  • 10
    • 0030425271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model study of polar stratospheric clouds and their effect on stratospheric ozone, 1. Model description
    • De Rudder, A., N. Larsen, X. Tie, G. P. Brasseur, and C. Granier, Model study of polar stratospheric clouds and their effect on stratospheric ozone, 1. Model description, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12 567-12 574, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 12567-12574
    • De Rudder, A.1    Larsen, N.2    Tie, X.3    Brasseur, G.P.4    Granier, C.5
  • 12
    • 26844487913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratosphere-troposphere exchange and its impact on the structure of the lower stratosphere
    • Ebel, A., Stratosphere-troposphere exchange and its impact on the structure of the lower stratosphere, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 48, 135-144, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. , vol.48 , pp. 135-144
    • Ebel, A.1
  • 13
    • 0033585048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global measurements of stratospheric mountain waves from space
    • Eckermann, S. D., and P. Preusse, Global measurements of stratospheric mountain waves from space, Science, 286, 1534-1537, 1999.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1534-1537
    • Eckermann, S.D.1    Preusse, P.2
  • 14
    • 0008022437 scopus 로고
    • Gravity wave activity in vertical winds observed by the Poker Flat MST radar
    • Ecklund, W. L., K. S. Gage, and A. C. Riddle, Gravity wave activity in vertical winds observed by the Poker Flat MST radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 285-288, 1981.
    • (1981) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.8 , pp. 285-288
    • Ecklund, W.L.1    Gage, K.S.2    Riddle, A.C.3
  • 15
    • 0020228041 scopus 로고
    • Vertical wind variability observed by VHF radar in the lee of the Colorado Rockies
    • Ecklund, W. L., K. S. Gage, B. B. Balsley, R. G. Strauch, and J. L. Green, Vertical wind variability observed by VHF radar in the lee of the Colorado Rockies, Mon. Weather Rev., 110, 1451-1457, 1982.
    • (1982) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.110 , pp. 1451-1457
    • Ecklund, W.L.1    Gage, K.S.2    Balsley, B.B.3    Strauch, R.G.4    Green, J.L.5
  • 16
    • 0022161316 scopus 로고
    • Observations of vertical motions in the troposphere and lower stratosphere using three closely spaced ST radars
    • Ecklund, W. L., B. B. Balsley, D. A. Carter, A. C. Riddle, M. Crochet, and R. Garello, Observations of vertical motions in the troposphere and lower stratosphere using three closely spaced ST radars, Radio Sci., 20, 1196-1206, 1985.
    • (1985) Radio Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 1196-1206
    • Ecklund, W.L.1    Balsley, B.B.2    Carter, D.A.3    Riddle, A.C.4    Crochet, M.5    Garello, R.6
  • 19
    • 0022162605 scopus 로고
    • Convective and dynamical instabilities due to gravity wave motions in the lower and middle atmosphere: Theory and observations
    • Fritts, D. C., and P. K. Rastogi, Convective and dynamical instabilities due to gravity wave motions in the lower and middle atmosphere: theory and observations, Radio Sci., 20, 1247-1277, 1985.
    • (1985) Radio Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 1247-1277
    • Fritts, D.C.1    Rastogi, P.K.2
  • 20
    • 0000868515 scopus 로고
    • Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves. Part II: Frontal, convective, and jet stream excitation
    • Fritts, D. C., and G. D. Nastrom, Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves. Part II: frontal, convective, and jet stream excitation, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 111-127, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 111-127
    • Fritts, D.C.1    Nastrom, G.D.2
  • 21
    • 0025660203 scopus 로고
    • Studies of velocity fluctuations in the lower atmosphere using the MU radar, II, Momentum fluxes and energy densities
    • Fritts, D. C., T. Tsuda, T. E. VanZandt, S. A. Smith, T. Sato, S. Fukao, and S. Kato, Studies of velocity fluctuations in the lower atmosphere using the MU radar, II, Momentum fluxes and energy densities, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 51-66, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 51-66
    • Fritts, D.C.1    Tsuda, T.2    Vanzandt, T.E.3    Smith, S.A.4    Sato, T.5    Fukao, S.6    Kato, S.7
  • 22
    • 0030715571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds and stratospheric temperature in winter 1995/96 over Northern Norway
    • Hansen, G., and U. P. Hoppe, Lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds and stratospheric temperature in winter 1995/96 over Northern Norway, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 131-134, 1997.
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 131-134
    • Hansen, G.1    Hoppe, U.P.2
  • 23
    • 0024782291 scopus 로고
    • Tropopausal mountain waves over Arecibo: A case study
    • Hines, C. O., Tropopausal mountain waves over Arecibo: a case study, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 476-488, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 476-488
    • Hines, C.O.1
  • 24
    • 0028975176 scopus 로고
    • Modulated mountain waves
    • Hines, C. O., Modulated mountain waves, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 602-606, 1995a.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 602-606
    • Hines, C.O.1
  • 25
    • 0005431263 scopus 로고
    • Observations of low-frequency inertia-gravity waves in the lower stratosphere over Arecibo
    • Comments
    • Hines, C. O., Comments on "Observations of low-frequency inertia-gravity waves in the lower stratosphere over Arecibo", J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 607-610, 1995b.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 607-610
    • Hines, C.O.1
  • 27
    • 0022161350 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of turbulent energy dissipation rates in the middle atmosphere by radars
    • Hocking, W. K., Measurement of turbulent energy dissipation rates in the middle atmosphere by radars, Radio Sci., 20, 1403-1422, 1985.
    • (1985) Radio Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 1403-1422
    • Hocking, W.K.1
  • 28
    • 0029657252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the capabilities and limitations of radars in measurements of upper atmospheric turbulence
    • Hocking, W. K., An assessment of the capabilities and limitations of radars in measurements of upper atmospheric turbulence. Adv. Space Res., 17, (11)37-(11)47, 1996.
    • (1996) Adv. Space Res. , vol.17 , pp. 37-47
    • Hocking, W.K.1
  • 29
    • 0642374130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strengths and limitations of MST radar measurements of middle-atmospheric winds
    • Hocking, W. K., Strengths and limitations of MST radar measurements of middle-atmospheric winds, Ann. Geophysicae, 15, 1111-1122, 1997a.
    • (1997) Ann. Geophysicae , vol.15 , pp. 1111-1122
    • Hocking, W.K.1
  • 30
    • 0031271298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in radar instrumentation and techniques for studies of the mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere
    • Hocking, W. K., Recent advances in radar instrumentation and techniques for studies of the mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere, Radio Sci., 32, 2241-2270, 1997b.
    • (1997) Radio Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 2241-2270
    • Hocking, W.K.1
  • 32
    • 0032417960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics of momentum flux estimation
    • Kudeki, E., and S. J. Franke, Statistics of momentum flux estimation, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 60, 1549-1553, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. , vol.60 , pp. 1549-1553
    • Kudeki, E.1    Franke, S.J.2
  • 33
    • 0005708075 scopus 로고
    • Utilization of UHF/VHF radar wind profiler networks for improving weather forecasting in Europe
    • European Commission, Brussels
    • Lafaysse, C., Ed., Utilization of UHF/VHF radar wind profiler networks for improving weather forecasting in Europe, COST 74 Final Rep., European Commission, Brussels, 1994.
    • (1994) COST 74 Final Rep.
    • Lafaysse, C.1
  • 34
    • 0005397923 scopus 로고
    • Reply to comments on "modulated mountain waves"
    • Larsen, M. F., Reply to comments on "modulated mountain waves", J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 611-612, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 611-612
    • Larsen, M.F.1
  • 35
    • 0030285848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric temperature anomalies and mountain waves: A three-dimensional simulation using a multi-scale weather prediction model
    • Leutbecher, M., and H. Volkert, Stratospheric temperature anomalies and mountain waves: A three-dimensional simulation using a multi-scale weather prediction model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3329-3332, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 3329-3332
    • Leutbecher, M.1    Volkert, H.2
  • 36
    • 0000443437 scopus 로고
    • Observation of stationary mountain wave and its associated momentum flux and energy dissipation
    • Lilly, D. K., and P. J. Kennedy, Observation of stationary mountain wave and its associated momentum flux and energy dissipation, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1135-1152, 1973.
    • (1973) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 1135-1152
    • Lilly, D.K.1    Kennedy, P.J.2
  • 37
    • 0031133862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horizontally propagating quasisinusoidal tropospheric waves observed in the lee of the Andes
    • Liziola, L. E., and B. B. Balsley, Horizontally propagating quasisinusoidal tropospheric waves observed in the lee of the Andes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1075-1078, 1997.
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 1075-1078
    • Liziola, L.E.1    Balsley, B.B.2
  • 38
    • 0029345024 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of VHF ST radar vertical echoes from in-situ temperature sheet observations
    • Luce, H., M. Crochet, F. Dalaudier, and C. Sidi, Interpretation of VHF ST radar vertical echoes from in-situ temperature sheet observations, Radio Sci., 30, 1003-1025, 1995.
    • (1995) Radio Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 1003-1025
    • Luce, H.1    Crochet, M.2    Dalaudier, F.3    Sidi, C.4
  • 39
    • 0542397530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Night-to-night-changes in the characteristics of gravity waves at stratospheric and lower-mesospheric heights
    • McDonald, A. J., E. Thomas, and D. P. Wareing, Night-to-night-changes in the characteristics of gravity waves at stratospheric and lower-mesospheric heights, Ann. Geophysicae, 16, 229-237, 1998.
    • (1998) Ann. Geophysicae , vol.16 , pp. 229-237
    • McDonald, A.J.1    Thomas, E.2    Wareing, D.P.3
  • 40
    • 5244250863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polar stratospheric clouds observed by the ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/ Raman lidar and the temperature field above Andoya
    • Mehrtens, H., G. von Cossart, A. Hauchecorne, and F. Fierly, Polar stratospheric clouds observed by the ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/ Raman lidar and the temperature field above Andoya. Proc. 13th ESA Symp., ESA SP-397, 163-167, 1997.
    • (1997) Proc. 13th ESA Symp., ESA , vol.SP-397 , pp. 163-167
    • Mehrtens, H.1    Von Cossart, G.2    Hauchecorne, A.3    Fierly, F.4
  • 41
    • 0028175573 scopus 로고
    • Gravity waves in the stratosphere and troposphere observed by lidar and MST radar
    • Mitchell, N. J., L. Thomas, and I. T. Prichard, Gravity waves in the stratosphere and troposphere observed by lidar and MST radar, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 939-947, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.56 , pp. 939-947
    • Mitchell, N.J.1    Thomas, L.2    Prichard, I.T.3
  • 42
    • 0008852488 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of layered structure in mesospheric VHF echoes induced by an inertia gravity wave
    • Muraoka, Y., T. Sugiyama, T. Sato, T. Tsuda, S. Fukao, and S. Kato, Interpretation of layered structure in mesospheric VHF echoes induced by an inertia gravity wave. Radio Sci., 24, 393-406, 1989.
    • (1989) Radio Sci. , vol.24 , pp. 393-406
    • Muraoka, Y.1    Sugiyama, T.2    Sato, T.3    Tsuda, T.4    Fukao, S.5    Kato, S.6
  • 43
    • 0000382474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modelling study of non-stationary trapped mountain lee waves. Part I: Mean-flow variability
    • Nance, E. B., and D. R. Durran, A modelling study of non-stationary trapped mountain lee waves. Part I: mean-flow variability, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2275-2291, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 2275-2291
    • Nance, E.B.1    Durran, D.R.2
  • 44
    • 0000906303 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of terrain effects on the meso-scale spectrum of atmospheric motions
    • Nastrom, C. D., D. C. Fritts, and K. S. Gage, An investigation of terrain effects on the meso-scale spectrum of atmospheric motions, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3087-3096, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 3087-3096
    • Nastrom, C.D.1    Fritts, D.C.2    Gage, K.S.3
  • 45
    • 0025571959 scopus 로고
    • Sources of gravity wave activity seen in the vertical velocities observed by the Fiatland VHF radar
    • Nastrom, G. D., M. R. Peterson, J. E. Green, K. S. Gage, and T. E. VanZandt, Sources of gravity wave activity seen in the vertical velocities observed by the Fiatland VHF radar, J. Appl. Meteorol., 25, 783-792, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.25 , pp. 783-792
    • Nastrom, G.D.1    Peterson, M.R.2    Green, J.E.3    Gage, K.S.4    VanZandt, T.E.5
  • 46
    • 0026448035 scopus 로고
    • Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves. Part I: Topographic excitation
    • Nastrom, G. D., and D. C. Fritts, Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves. Part I: topographic excitation, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 101-110, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 101-110
    • Nastrom, G.D.1    Fritts, D.C.2
  • 47
    • 84983970705 scopus 로고
    • Alleviation of a systematic westerly bias in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parametrization
    • Palmer, T. N. G., J. Shutts, and R. Swinbank, Alleviation of a systematic westerly bias in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parametrization, Q. J. R. Meteorol Soc., 112, 1001-1040, 1986.
    • (1986) Q. J. R. Meteorol Soc. , vol.112 , pp. 1001-1040
    • Palmer, T.N.G.1    Shutts, J.2    Swinbank, R.3
  • 48
    • 21344489297 scopus 로고
    • Radar observations of gravity-wave momentum fluxes in the troposphere and lower stratosphere
    • Prichard, I. T., and L. Thomas, Radar observations of gravity-wave momentum fluxes in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. Ann. Geophysicae, 11, 1075-1083, 1993.
    • (1993) Ann. Geophysicae , vol.11 , pp. 1075-1083
    • Prichard, I.T.1    Thomas, L.2
  • 49
    • 84984407644 scopus 로고
    • The characteristics of mountain waves observed by radar near the west coast of Wales
    • Prichard, I. T., L. Thomas, and R. M. Worthington, The characteristics of mountain waves observed by radar near the west coast of Wales, Ann. Geophysicae, 13, 757-767, 1995.
    • (1995) Ann. Geophysicae , vol.13 , pp. 757-767
    • Prichard, I.T.1    Thomas, L.2    Worthington, R.M.3
  • 51
    • 0031133930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation, simulations, and analysis of nonstationary trapped lee waves
    • Ralph, F. M., Observation, simulations, and analysis of nonstationary trapped lee waves, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1308-1333, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 1308-1333
    • Ralph, F.M.1
  • 55
    • 0019695433 scopus 로고
    • Wind variability in the stratosphere deduced from spaced antenna measurements
    • American Meteorological Society
    • Röttger, J., Wind variability in the stratosphere deduced from spaced antenna measurements. Proc. 20th Conference on Radar Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, 22-29, 1981a.
    • (1981) Proc. 20th Conference on Radar Meteorology , pp. 22-29
    • Röttger, J.1
  • 56
    • 5844332740 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of stratospheric and mesospheric fine structure investigated with an MST VHF radar
    • Röttger, J., The dynamics of stratospheric and mesospheric fine structure investigated with an MST VHF radar. Proc. Middle Atmos. Progr., Handbook for MAP, SCOSTEP, 2, 341-350, 1981b.
    • (1981) Proc. middle Atmos. Progr., Handbook for MAP, SCOSTEP , vol.2 , pp. 341-350
    • Röttger, J.1
  • 57
    • 0000869132 scopus 로고
    • Investigations of lower and middle atmosphere dynamics with spaced antenna drifts radars
    • Röttger, J., Investigations of lower and middle atmosphere dynamics with spaced antenna drifts radars. J. Atmos. Terr Phys., 43, 277-292, 1981c.
    • (1981) J. Atmos. Terr Phys. , vol.43 , pp. 277-292
    • Röttger, J.1
  • 58
    • 0006694279 scopus 로고
    • Vertical transport in the atmosphere - Measurement capabilities and requirements of VHF radars
    • Handbook for MAP, SCOSTEP
    • Röttger, J., Vertical transport in the atmosphere - Measurement capabilities and requirements of VHF radars. Proc. UKSI/ SCOSTEP Workshop Techn. Aspects MST Radar, Handbook for MAP, SCOSTEP, 14, 49-57, 1984.
    • (1984) Proc. UKSI/ SCOSTEP Workshop Techn. Aspects MST Radar , vol.14 , pp. 49-57
    • Röttger, J.1
  • 59
    • 5944234619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radar investigations of the mesosphere, stratosphere and the troposphere over Svalbard. Advances in Polar Upper Atmosphere Research
    • Japan, accepted
    • Röttger, J., Radar investigations of the mesosphere, stratosphere and the troposphere over Svalbard. Advances in Polar Upper Atmosphere Research, National Inst. Polar Res., Japan, accepted, 2000.
    • (2000) National Inst. Polar Res.
    • Röttger, J.1
  • 60
    • 0019095873 scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric and stratospheric wind measurements with the spaced antenna drift technique and the Doppler beam swing technique using a VHF radar
    • American Meteorological Society
    • Röttger, J., and P. Czechowsky, Tropospheric and stratospheric wind measurements with the spaced antenna drift technique and the Doppler beam swing technique using a VHF radar. Proc. 19th Conf. Radar Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, 577-584, 1980.
    • (1980) Proc. 19th Conf. Radar Meteorology , pp. 577-584
    • Röttger, J.1    Czechowsky, P.2
  • 61
    • 0022162067 scopus 로고
    • Postset beam steering and interferometer applications of VHF radars to study winds, waves and turbulence in the lower and middle atmosphere
    • Röttger, J., and H. M. Ierkic, Postset beam steering and interferometer applications of VHF radars to study winds, waves and turbulence in the lower and middle atmosphere, Radio Sci., 20, 1461-1480, 1985.
    • (1985) Radio Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 1461-1480
    • Röttger, J.1    Ierkic, H.M.2
  • 62
    • 5944236838 scopus 로고
    • Mountain lee waves detected in radar wind profiles
    • Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie
    • Röttger, J., T. Y. Kang, and M. Y. Zi, Mountain lee waves detected in radar wind profiles, M P Ae-W-00-81-36, Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie, pp 19, 1981.
    • (1981) M P Ae-W-00-81-36 , pp. 19
    • Röttger, J.1    Kang, T.Y.2    Zi, M.Y.3
  • 64
    • 0001453420 scopus 로고
    • Spatial interferometer measurements with the Chung-Li VHF radar
    • Röttger, J., C. H. Liu, J. K. Chao, A. J. Chen, C. J. Pan, and I-J. Fu, Spatial interferometer measurements with the Chung-Li VHF radar, Radio Sci., 25, 503-515, 1990.
    • (1990) Radio Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 503-515
    • Röttger, J.1    Liu, C.H.2    Chao, J.K.3    Chen, A.J.4    Pan, C.J.5    Fu, I.-J.6
  • 65
    • 0033031634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution VHF radar measurements in the troposphere with a vertically pointing beam
    • Rüster, R., G. D. Nastrom, and G. Schmidt, High-resolution VHF radar measurements in the troposphere with a vertically pointing beam, J. Appl. Meteorol., 37, 1522-1529, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.37 , pp. 1522-1529
    • Rüster, R.1    Nastrom, G.D.2    Schmidt, G.3
  • 66
    • 0000423836 scopus 로고
    • A statistical study on structure, saturation and sources of inertio-gravity waves in the lower stratosphere observed by the MU radar
    • Sato, K., A statistical study on structure, saturation and sources of inertio-gravity waves in the lower stratosphere observed by the MU radar, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 755-774, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.56 , pp. 755-774
    • Sato, K.1
  • 67
    • 0028585330 scopus 로고
    • Vertical structure of atmospheric gravity waves revealed by the wavelet analysis
    • Sato, K., and M. Yamada, Vertical structure of atmospheric gravity waves revealed by the wavelet analysis, J. Geophvs. Res., 99, 20 623-20 631, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophvs. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 20623-20631
    • Sato, K.1    Yamada, M.2
  • 68
    • 0033570662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary generation of gravity waves associated with the breaking of mountain waves
    • Satomura, T., and K. Sato, Secondary generation of gravity waves associated with the breaking of mountain waves,J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3874-3858, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 3874-13858
    • Satomura, T.1    Sato, K.2
  • 72
  • 74
    • 0018554695 scopus 로고
    • The influence of mountains on the atmosphere
    • Smith, R. B., The influence of mountains on the atmosphere, Adv. Geophys., 21, 87-230, 1979.
    • (1979) Adv. Geophys. , vol.21 , pp. 87-230
    • Smith, R.B.1
  • 75
    • 5944220713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MST radar study of lee waves during winter 1996/97, 97/98 and 98/99 in northern Scandinavia
    • Stebel, K., and S. Kirkwood, MST radar study of lee waves during winter 1996/97, 97/98 and 98/99 in northern Scandinavia, Proc. 14th ESA Symp. SP-437, 309-313, 1999.
    • (1999) Proc. 14th ESA Symp. , vol.SP-437 , pp. 309-313
    • Stebel, K.1    Kirkwood, S.2
  • 77
    • 0027790453 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variation of lee vortices in Taiwan and the surrounding area
    • Sun, W. Y., and J. D. Chern, Diurnal variation of lee vortices in Taiwan and the surrounding area, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3404-3430, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 3404-3430
    • Sun, W.Y.1    Chern, J.D.2
  • 78
    • 0030493065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An observational study of cyclogenesis in the lee of the Japan central mountains
    • Takayabu, I., H. Niino, M. D. Yamanaka, and S. Fukao, An observational study of cyclogenesis in the lee of the Japan central mountains, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 61, 39-53, 1996.
    • (1996) Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. , vol.61 , pp. 39-53
    • Takayabu, I.1    Niino, H.2    Yamanaka, M.D.3    Fukao, S.4
  • 79
    • 21144483889 scopus 로고
    • Radar observations of an inertia-gravity wave in the troposphere and lower stratosphere
    • Thomas, L., I. T. Prichard, and I. Astio, Radar observations of an inertia-gravity wave in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, Ann. Geophysicae, 10, 690-697, 1992.
    • (1992) Ann. Geophysicae , vol.10 , pp. 690-697
    • Thomas, L.1    Prichard, I.T.2    Astio, I.3
  • 80
    • 0033480548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inertiagravity waves in the troposphere and lower stratosphere associated with a jetstream exit region
    • Thomas, L., R. M. Worthington, and A. J. McDonald, Inertiagravity waves in the troposphere and lower stratosphere associated with a jetstream exit region, Ann. Geophvsicae, 17, 115-121, 1999.
    • (1999) Ann. Geophvsicae , vol.17 , pp. 115-121
    • Thomas, L.1    Worthington, R.M.2    McDonald, A.J.3
  • 81
    • 0031098622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HF Doppler measurements of mesospheric gravity wave momentum fluxes
    • Thorsen, D., S. J. Franke, and E. Kudeki, HF Doppler measurements of mesospheric gravity wave momentum fluxes, Radio Sci., 32, 707-726, 1997.
    • (1997) Radio Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 707-726
    • Thorsen, D.1    Franke, S.J.2    Kudeki, E.3
  • 82
    • 15944417149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model study of polar stratospheric clouds and their effect on stratospheric ozone, 2. Model results
    • Tie, X., G. P. Brasseur, C. Granier, A. De Rudder, and N. Larsen, Model study of polar stratospheric clouds and their effect on stratospheric ozone, 2. Model results, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12 575-12 584, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 12575-12584
    • Tie, X.1    Brasseur, G.P.2    Granier, C.3    De Rudder, A.4    Larsen, N.5
  • 83
    • 0026359022 scopus 로고
    • Radar interferometry technique and anisotropy of the echo power distribution: First results
    • Van Baolen, J. S., A. D. Richmond, R. T. Tsuda, and S. K. Avery, Radar interferometry technique and anisotropy of the echo power distribution: first results, Radio Sci., 26, 1315-1326, 1991.
    • (1991) Radio Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 1315-1326
    • Van Baolen, J.S.1    Richmond, A.D.2    Tsuda, R.T.3    Avery, S.K.4
  • 84
    • 0020969522 scopus 로고
    • HF Doppler measurements of mesospheric gravity wave momentum fluxes
    • Vincent, R. A., and I. M. Reid, HF Doppler measurements of mesospheric gravity wave momentum fluxes, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1321-1333, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 1321-1333
    • Vincent, R.A.1    Reid, I.M.2
  • 85
    • 0016034493 scopus 로고
    • Radar observations of winds and turbulence in the stratosphere and mesosphere
    • Woodman, R. F., and A. Guillen, Radar observations of winds and turbulence in the stratosphere and mesosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 493-505, 1974.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 493-505
    • Woodman, R.F.1    Guillen, A.2
  • 86
    • 0032416481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropopausal turbulence caused by breaking of mountain waves
    • Worthington, R. M., Tropopausal turbulence caused by breaking of mountain waves, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 60, 1543-1547, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. , vol.60 , pp. 1543-1547
    • Worthington, R.M.1
  • 87
    • 0033476073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculating the azimuth of mountain waves, using the effect of tilted fine-scale stable layers on VHF radar echoes
    • Worthington, R. M., Calculating the azimuth of mountain waves, using the effect of tilted fine-scale stable layers on VHF radar echoes, Ann. Geophysicae, 17, 257-272, 1999a.
    • (1999) Ann. Geophysicae , vol.17 , pp. 257-272
    • Worthington, R.M.1
  • 88
    • 0033608924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alignment of mountain wave patterns above Wales: A VHF radar study during 1990-1998
    • Worthington, R. M., Alignment of mountain wave patterns above Wales: a VHF radar study during 1990-1998, J. Ceaphys. Res., 104, 9199-9212, 1999b.
    • (1999) J. Ceaphys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 9199-9212
    • Worthington, R.M.1
  • 89
    • 0030289676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The measurement of gravity wave momentum flux in the lower atmosphere
    • Worthington, R. M., and L. Thomas, The measurement of gravity wave momentum flux in the lower atmosphere, Radio Sci., 31, 1501-1517, 1996.
    • (1996) Radio Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 1501-1517
    • Worthington, R.M.1    Thomas, L.2
  • 90
    • 0031136214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the tropopause on upward propagation of mountain waves
    • Worthington, R. M., and L. Thomas, Impact of the tropopause on upward propagation of mountain waves, Ceophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1071-1074, 1997a.
    • (1997) Ceophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 1071-1074
    • Worthington, R.M.1    Thomas, L.2
  • 91
    • 0642342624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-period gravity-waves and associated VHF radar echoes
    • Worthington, R. M., and L. Thomas, Long-period gravity-waves and associated VHF radar echoes, Ann. Geophysicae, 15, 813-822, 1997b.
    • (1997) Ann. Geophysicae , vol.15 , pp. 813-822
    • Worthington, R.M.1    Thomas, L.2
  • 92
    • 0031823560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The frequency spectrum of mountain waves
    • Worthington, R. M., and L. Thomas, The frequency spectrum of mountain waves, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 124, 687-703, 1998.
    • (1998) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.124 , pp. 687-703
    • Worthington, R.M.1    Thomas, L.2
  • 93
    • 0000706525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of tilted aspect-sensitive scatterers in the lower atmosphere using the MU and Aberythwyth VHF radars
    • Worthington, R. M., R. D. Palmer, and S. Fukao, An investigation of tilted aspect-sensitive scatterers in the lower atmosphere using the MU and Aberythwyth VHF radars, Radio Sci., 34, 413-426, 1999.
    • (1999) Radio Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 413-426
    • Worthington, R.M.1    Palmer, R.D.2    Fukao, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.