Secondary generation of gravity waves associated with the breaking of mountain waves

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 56, Issue 22, 1999, Pages 3847-3858

  Satomura, Takehiko ^a   Sato, Kaoru ^a  

^a KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPRESSIBLE FLOW; COMPUTER SIMULATION; GRAVITY WAVES; JETS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

MOUNTAIN WAVES;

WIND;

GRAVITY WAVE; MOUNTAIN; WAVE BREAKING;

GRAVITY WAVE; MOUNTAIN; STRATOSPHERE; WAVE BREAKING;

EID: 0033570662     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<3847:SGOGWA>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Bacmeister, J. T., and M. R. Schoeberl, 1989: Breakdown of vertically propagating two-dimensional gravity waves forced by orography. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2109-2134.
2. Bougeault, P., and Coauthors, 1993: The atmospheric momentum budget over a major mountain range: First results of the PYREX field program. Aim. Geophys., 11, 395-118.
3. Chandrasekhar, S., 1961: Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability. Clarendon Press, 652 pp.
4. Clark, T. L., T. Hauf, and J. P. Kuettner, 1986: Convectively forced internal gravity waves: Results from two-dimensional numerical experiments. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 899-925.
5. Dunkerton, T. J., 1997a: The role of gravity waves in the quasibiennial oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26 053-26 076.
6. _, 1997b: Shear instability of internal inertia-gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1628-1641.
7. _, and R. E. Robins. 1992: Radiating and nonradiating modes of secondary instability in a gravity-wave critical layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2546-2559.
8. Fovell, R., D. Durran, and J. R. Holten, 1992: Numerical simulations of convectively generated stratospheric gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1427-1442.
9. Fritts, D. C., 1982: Shear excitation of atmospheric gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1936-1952.
10. _, and G. D. Nastrom. 1992: Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves. Part II: Frontal, convective, and jet stream excitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 111-147.
11. _, T. L. Palmer, Ø. Andreassen, and I. Lie, 1996: Evolution and breakdown of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in stratified compressible flows. Part I: Comparison of two- and three-dimensional flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3173-3191.
12. Gal-Chen, T., and R. C. J. Somerville, 1975: On the use of a coordinate transformation for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. J. Comput. Phys., 17, 209-228.
13. Hines, C. O., 1997a: Doppler-spread parameterization of gravity-wave momentum deposition in the middle atmosphere. Part 1: Basic formulation J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 59, 371-386.
14. _, 1997b: Doppler-spread parameterization of gravity-wave momentum deposition in the middle atmosphere. Part 2: Broad and quasi monochromatic spectra, and implementation. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 59, 387-400.
15. Holton, J. R., 1982: The role of gravity wave induced drag and diffusion in the momentum budget of the mesopshere. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 791-799.
16. Iwasaki, T., 1989: A parameterization scheme of orographic gravity wave drag with two different vertical partitionings. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 67, 11-27.
17. Klemp, J. B., and R. B. Wilhelmson, 1978: The simulation of three-dimensional convective storm dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1070-1096.
18. Kuettner, J. P., 1986: The Aim and Conduct of ALPEX. Vol. 27, GARP Publ. Ser., WMO, 3-14 pp.
19. Lilly, D. K., 1962: On the numerical simulation of buoyant convection. Tellus. 14, 148-172.
20. _, and P. J. Kennedy, 1973: Observations of a stationary mountain wave and its associated momentum flux and energy dissipation. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1135-1152.
21. Lindzen, R. S., 1981: Turbulence and stress owing to gravity wave and tidal breakdown. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9707-9714.
22. Long, R. R., 1953: Some aspects of the flow of stratified fluids. Part I: A theoretical investigation. Tellus, 5, 42-58.
23. Lott, F. and H. Teitelbaum, 1993: Linear unsteady mountain waves. Tellus, 451, 201-220.
24. Matsuno, T., 1982: A quasi one-dimensional model of the middle atmosphere circulation interacting with internal gravity waves. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 215-226.
25. McFarlane, N. A., 1987: The effect of orographically excited gravity wave drag on the general circulation of the lower stratosphere and troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1775-1800.
26. McIntyre, M. E., and M. A. Weissman, 1978: On radiating instabilities and resonant overreflection. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1190-1196.
27. Miller, M. J., and A. J. Thorpe, 1981: Radiation conditions for the lateral boundaries of limited-area numerical models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 107, 615-628.
28. Orlanski, I., 1976: A simple boundary condition for unbounded hyperbolic flows. J. Comput. Phys., 21, 251-269.
29. Palmer, T. N., G. J. Shutts, and R. Swinbank, 1986: Alleviation of a systematic westerly bias in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parametrization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 1001-1039.
30. Prusa, J. M., P. K. Smolarkiewicz, and R. R. Garcia, 1996: Propagation and breaking at high altitudes of gravity waves excited by tropospheric forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2186-2216.
31. Sato, K., 1990: Vertical wind disturbances in the troposphere and lower stratosphere observed by the MU radar. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2803-2817.
32. _. 1994: A statistical study of the structure, saturation and sources of inertio-gravity waves in the lower stratosphere observed with the MU radar. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 755-774.
33. _, and I. Hirota, 1988: Small-scale gravity waves in the lower stratosphere revealed by the MU radar multi-beam observation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 66, 987-999.
34. Satomura, T., 1989: Compressible flow simulations on numerically generated grids. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 67, 473-482.
35. Scinocca, J. F. and W. R. Peltier, 1993: The instability of Long's stationary solution and the evolution toward severe downslope windstorm flow. Part I: Nested grid numerical simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2245-2263.
36. Smith, R. B., 1977: The influence of mountains on the atmosphere. Advances in Geophsyics, Vol. 21, Academic Press, 87-230.
37. Sutherland, B. R., and W. R. Peltier, 1992: The stability of stratified jets. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 66, 101-131.
38. _, C. P. Caulfield, and W. R. Peltier, 1994: Internal gravity wave generation and hydrodynamic instability. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3261-3280.
39. Tanaka, H., and M. D. Yamanaka, 1985: Atmospheric circulation in the lower stratosphere induced by the mesoscale mountain wave breakdown. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 63, 1047-1054.
40. Walterscheid, R. L., and G. Schubert, 1990: Nonlinear evolution of an upward propagating gravity wave: Overturning, convection, transience and turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 101-125.