Condensation of N bosons. II. Nonequilibrium analysis of an ideal Bose gas and the laser phase-transition analogy

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Volumn 61, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 236091-2360920

  Kocharovsky, V V ^a,b   Scully, Marlan O ^a,c   Zhu, Shi Yao ^a,d   Zubairy, M Suhail ^a,e  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b INSTITUTE OF APPLIED PHYSICS   (Russian Federation)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR QUANTENOPTIK   (Germany)

^d HONG KONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

^e QUAID I AZAM UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0006463874     PISSN: 10502947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (86)

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2. S. N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (1924); A. Einstein, Berl. Ber. 22, 261 (1924); ibid. 23, 3 (1925); ibid. 23, 18 (1925); G. E. Uhlenbeck, Ph.D. thesis, Leiden, 1927; B. Kahn and G. E. Uhlenbeck, Physica (Amsterdam) 5, 399 (1938); F. London, Phys. Rev. 54, 947 (1938); J. Chem. Phys. 48, 49 (1939); ibid. 11, 203 (1943); Superfluids II (Dover, New York, 1954).
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8. S. N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (1924); A. Einstein, Berl. Ber. 22, 261 (1924); ibid. 23, 3 (1925); ibid. 23, 18 (1925); G. E. Uhlenbeck, Ph.D. thesis, Leiden, 1927; B. Kahn and G. E. Uhlenbeck, Physica (Amsterdam) 5, 399 (1938); F. London, Phys. Rev. 54, 947 (1938); J. Chem. Phys. 48, 49 (1939); ibid. 11, 203 (1943); Superfluids II (Dover, New York, 1954).
9. S. N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (1924); A. Einstein, Berl. Ber. 22, 261 (1924); ibid. 23, 3 (1925); ibid. 23, 18 (1925); G. E. Uhlenbeck, Ph.D. thesis, Leiden, 1927; B. Kahn and G. E. Uhlenbeck, Physica (Amsterdam) 5, 399 (1938); F. London, Phys. Rev. 54, 947 (1938); J. Chem. Phys. 48, 49 (1939); ibid. 11, 203 (1943); Superfluids II (Dover, New York, 1954).
10. S. N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (1924); A. Einstein, Berl. Ber. 22, 261 (1924); ibid. 23, 3 (1925); ibid. 23, 18 (1925); G. E. Uhlenbeck, Ph.D. thesis, Leiden, 1927; B. Kahn and G. E. Uhlenbeck, Physica (Amsterdam) 5, 399 (1938); F. London, Phys. Rev. 54, 947 (1938); J. Chem. Phys. 48, 49 (1939); ibid. 11, 203 (1943); Superfluids II (Dover, New York, 1954).
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13. The classic works in interacting Bose gas physics by Bogoliubov, Huang, Lee, and Yang are well presented by K. Huang, Statistical Mechanics (Wiley, New York 1987), Chap. 19; M. Girardeau and R. Arnowitt, Phys. Rev. 113, 755 (1959); A. Griffin, Excitations in a Bose-Condensed Liquid (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1993); Bone Einstein Condensation, edited by A. Griffin, D. Snoke, and G. Stringari (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995); G. Baym and C. Pethick, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 6 (1996).
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21. M. Anderson, J. Ensher, M. Matthews, C. Wieman, and E. Cornell, Science 269, 198 (1995); C. Bradley, C. Sackett, J. Tollett, and R. Hulet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1687 (1995); K. Davis, M. Mewes, M. Andrews, N. van Druten, D. Durfee, D. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, ibid. 75, 3969 (1995). Independent observations of BEC were made by D. J. Han, R. H. Wynar, Ph. Courteille, and D. J. Heinzen, Phys. Rev. A 57, R4114 (1998); U. Ernst, A. Marte, F. Schreck, J. Schuster, and G. Rempe, Europhys. Lett. 41, 1 (1998); L. V. Hau, B. D. Busch, C. Liu, Z. Dutton, M. M. Burns, and J. A. Golovchenko, Phys. Rev. A 58, R54 (1998); T. Esslinger, I. Bloch, and T. W. Hänsch, ibid. 58, R2664 (1998); B. P. Anderson and M. A. Kasevich, ibid. 59, R938 (1999).
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