Spatial observation of Bose-Einstein condensation of [Formula Presented] in a confining potential

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Volumn 59, Issue 2, 1999, Pages R938-R941

  Anderson, B P ^a   Kasevich, M A ^a  

^a Yale University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000184167     PISSN: 10502947     EISSN: 10941622     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.59.R938     Document Type: Article

References (22)

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13. Phase-space density is (Formula presented) where (Formula presented) is the thermal de Broglie wavelength, and (Formula presented) is the atomic density.
14. This corresponds to an overall efficiency [defined as ln(phase-space density increase)/ln(number lost)] of 2.8.
15. Adiabatic changes in the trap potential by a factor κ change the trap density by (Formula presented) and temperature by (Formula presented) for a harmonic three-dimensional trapping potential. See W. Ketterle and N. van Druten, Phys. Rev. A 37, 181 (1996).
16. We were also able to achieve condensation solely through manipulation of the TOP field strength, without the use of an rf cooling ramp. However, this method was not as efficient as the hybrid sequence described in the text.
17. See, for example, J. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics (Mc-Graw Hill, New York, 1968).
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20. These frequencies were inferred from the measured magnetic-field strengths.
21. To determine the dependence of (Formula presented) (and thus (Formula presented) on (Formula presented) for the data of Fig. 44, we first fit a line to (Formula presented) vs (Formula presented) data extracted directly from our images and then used the fitted functional form to compute the normalized condensate temperature (Formula presented) This suppressed the (Formula presented) shot-to-shot variance in the normalizing parameter (Formula presented)
22. See, for example, G. Baym and C. Pethick, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 6 (1996).