After twenty years: The future of the third wave

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 1997, Pages

  Huntington, Samuel P ^a  

^a John M Olin Inst Strat Studs H

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0004482093     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.1997.0059     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Quoted in Tad Szulc, "Lisbon and Washington: Behind the Portuguese Revolution," Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3.
2. Seymour Martin Lipset, Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1960), ch. 2, "Economic Development and Democracy."
3. Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), 59-69.
4. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society (New York: W.W. Norton, 1992), 127.
5. Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (New York: Harper and Row, 1976; orig. publ. 1942), esp. chs. 22-23.
6. Larry Diamond, "Is the Third Wave Over?" Journal of Democracy 7 (July 1996): 20-37.
7. Adrian Karatnycky, "Freedom on the March," Freedom Review 28 (January-February 1997): 4ff. See also, list of "Electoral Democracies as of 31 December 1996," supplied by Freedom House.
8. Adrian Karatnycky, "Freedom on the March," Freedom Review 28 (January-February 1997): 4ff. See also, list of "Electoral Democracies as of 31 December 1996," supplied by Freedom House.
9. John Mueller, "Democracy and Ralph's Pretty Good Grocery: Elections, Equality, and the Minimal Human Being," American Journal of Political Science 36 (November 1992): 984-90.
10. Leslie H. Gelb, "The Free Elections Trap," New York Times, 29 May 1991, A23.
11. Fouad Ajami, "The Impossible Life of Muslim Liberalism," New Republic, 2 June 1986, 27.
12. See Daniel Bell, David Brown, Kashka Jayasuriya, and David Martin Jones, Towards Illiberal Democracy in Pacific Asia (New York: St. Martin's, 1995).
13. Guillermo O'Donnell, "Delegative Democracy," Journal of Democracy 5 (January 1994): 55-69; Brian Loveman, "Protected Democracies and Military Guardianship: Political Transitions in Latin America, 1978-1993," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 36 (Summer 1994): 108-11; Larry Diamond, Juan J. Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds., Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1989), xvi-xviii; Terry Lynn Karl, "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America," Comparative Politics 23 (October 1990): 1-21. For a sophisticated analysis of the conceptual complexity and confusion with respect to types of democracies and semidemocracies, see David Collier and Steven Levitsky, "Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research," World Politics 49 (April 1997): 430-51.
14. Guillermo O'Donnell, "Delegative Democracy," Journal of Democracy 5 (January 1994): 55-69; Brian Loveman, "Protected Democracies and Military Guardianship: Political Transitions in Latin America, 1978-1993," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 36 (Summer 1994): 108-11; Larry Diamond, Juan J. Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds., Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1989), xvi-xviii; Terry Lynn Karl, "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America," Comparative Politics 23 (October 1990): 1-21. For a sophisticated analysis of the conceptual complexity and confusion with respect to types of democracies and semidemocracies, see David Collier and Steven Levitsky, "Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research," World Politics 49 (April 1997): 430-51.
15. Guillermo O'Donnell, "Delegative Democracy," Journal of Democracy 5 (January 1994): 55-69; Brian Loveman, "Protected Democracies and Military Guardianship: Political Transitions in Latin America, 1978-1993," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 36 (Summer 1994): 108-11; Larry Diamond, Juan J. Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds., Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1989), xvi-xviii; Terry Lynn Karl, "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America," Comparative Politics 23 (October 1990): 1-21. For a sophisticated analysis of the conceptual complexity and confusion with respect to types of democracies and semidemocracies, see David Collier and Steven Levitsky, "Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research," World Politics 49 (April 1997): 430-51.
16. Guillermo O'Donnell, "Delegative Democracy," Journal of Democracy 5 (January 1994): 55-69; Brian Loveman, "Protected Democracies and Military Guardianship: Political Transitions in Latin America, 1978-1993," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 36 (Summer 1994): 108-11; Larry Diamond, Juan J. Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds., Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1989), xvi-xviii; Terry Lynn Karl, "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America," Comparative Politics 23 (October 1990): 1-21. For a sophisticated analysis of the conceptual complexity and confusion with respect to types of democracies and semidemocracies, see David Collier and Steven Levitsky, "Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research," World Politics 49 (April 1997): 430-51.
17. Guillermo O'Donnell, "Delegative Democracy," Journal of Democracy 5 (January 1994): 55-69; Brian Loveman, "Protected Democracies and Military Guardianship: Political Transitions in Latin America, 1978-1993," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 36 (Summer 1994): 108-11; Larry Diamond, Juan J. Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds., Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1989), xvi-xviii; Terry Lynn Karl, "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America," Comparative Politics 23 (October 1990): 1-21. For a sophisticated analysis of the conceptual complexity and confusion with respect to types of democracies and semidemocracies, see David Collier and Steven Levitsky, "Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research," World Politics 49 (April 1997): 430-51.