Efficient Catalytic Enantioselective Reaction of a Glycine Cation Equivalent with Malonate Anions via Palladium Catalysis

Journal of Organic Chemistry

Volumn 62, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 3962-3975

  O'Donnell, Martin J ^a   Chen, Ning ^a   Zhou, Changyou ^a   Murray, Angela ^a   Kubiak, Clifford P ^b   Yang, Fan ^b   Stanley, George G ^c  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001722663     PISSN: 00223263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jo961869w     Document Type: Article

References (288)

1. For recent reviews on palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, see: (a) Fiaud, J. C. In Mechanisms in Stereo-Differentiating Metal-Catalysed Reactions. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalysed Allylation in Metal Promoted Selectivity in Organic Synthesis; Graziani, M., Hubert, A. J., Noels, A. F., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991; p 107. (b) Godleski, S. A. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; p 585. Frost, C. G.; Howarth, J.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 1089. Hayashi, T. In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis; Ojima, I., Ed.; VCH, 1993; p 325. (e) Reiser, O. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 547. (f) Palladium in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print No. 52, Bäckvall, J. E., Ed. Tetrahedron 1994, 50(2), 285. (g) Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 975. (h) Tsuji, J.; Mandai, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2589. Trost, B. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 355. (j) Trost, B. M.; Van Vranken, D. L. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 395. (k) Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1996, 705. Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9289.
2. For recent reviews on palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, see: (a) Fiaud, J. C. In Mechanisms in Stereo-Differentiating Metal-Catalysed Reactions. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalysed Allylation in Metal Promoted Selectivity in Organic Synthesis; Graziani, M., Hubert, A. J., Noels, A. F., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991; p 107. (b) Godleski, S. A. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; p 585. Frost, C. G.; Howarth, J.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 1089. Hayashi, T. In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis; Ojima, I., Ed.; VCH, 1993; p 325. (e) Reiser, O. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 547. (f) Palladium in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print No. 52, Bäckvall, J. E., Ed. Tetrahedron 1994, 50(2), 285. (g) Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 975. (h) Tsuji, J.; Mandai, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2589. Trost, B. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 355. (j) Trost, B. M.; Van Vranken, D. L. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 395. (k) Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1996, 705. Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9289.
3. For recent reviews on palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, see: (a) Fiaud, J. C. In Mechanisms in Stereo-Differentiating Metal-Catalysed Reactions. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalysed Allylation in Metal Promoted Selectivity in Organic Synthesis; Graziani, M., Hubert, A. J., Noels, A. F., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991; p 107. (b) Godleski, S. A. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; p 585. Frost, C. G.; Howarth, J.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 1089. Hayashi, T. In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis; Ojima, I., Ed.; VCH, 1993; p 325. (e) Reiser, O. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 547. (f) Palladium in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print No. 52, Bäckvall, J. E., Ed. Tetrahedron 1994, 50(2), 285. (g) Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 975. (h) Tsuji, J.; Mandai, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2589. Trost, B. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 355. (j) Trost, B. M.; Van Vranken, D. L. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 395. (k) Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1996, 705. Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9289.
4. For recent reviews on palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, see: (a) Fiaud, J. C. In Mechanisms in Stereo-Differentiating Metal-Catalysed Reactions. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalysed Allylation in Metal Promoted Selectivity in Organic Synthesis; Graziani, M., Hubert, A. J., Noels, A. F., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991; p 107. (b) Godleski, S. A. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; p 585. Frost, C. G.; Howarth, J.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 1089. Hayashi, T. In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis; Ojima, I., Ed.; VCH, 1993; p 325. (e) Reiser, O. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 547. (f) Palladium in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print No. 52, Bäckvall, J. E., Ed. Tetrahedron 1994, 50(2), 285. (g) Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 975. (h) Tsuji, J.; Mandai, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2589. Trost, B. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 355. (j) Trost, B. M.; Van Vranken, D. L. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 395. (k) Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1996, 705. Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9289.
5. For recent reviews on palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, see: (a) Fiaud, J. C. In Mechanisms in Stereo-Differentiating Metal-Catalysed Reactions. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalysed Allylation in Metal Promoted Selectivity in Organic Synthesis; Graziani, M., Hubert, A. J., Noels, A. F., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991; p 107. (b) Godleski, S. A. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; p 585. Frost, C. G.; Howarth, J.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 1089. Hayashi, T. In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis; Ojima, I., Ed.; VCH, 1993; p 325. (e) Reiser, O. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 547. (f) Palladium in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print No. 52, Bäckvall, J. E., Ed. Tetrahedron 1994, 50(2), 285. (g) Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 975. (h) Tsuji, J.; Mandai, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2589. Trost, B. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 355. (j) Trost, B. M.; Van Vranken, D. L. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 395. (k) Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1996, 705. Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9289.
6. For recent reviews on palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, see: (a) Fiaud, J. C. In Mechanisms in Stereo-Differentiating Metal-Catalysed Reactions. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalysed Allylation in Metal Promoted Selectivity in Organic Synthesis; Graziani, M., Hubert, A. J., Noels, A. F., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991; p 107. (b) Godleski, S. A. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; p 585. Frost, C. G.; Howarth, J.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 1089. Hayashi, T. In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis; Ojima, I., Ed.; VCH, 1993; p 325. (e) Reiser, O. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 547. (f) Palladium in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print No. 52, Bäckvall, J. E., Ed. Tetrahedron 1994, 50(2), 285. (g) Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 975. (h) Tsuji, J.; Mandai, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2589. Trost, B. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 355. (j) Trost, B. M.; Van Vranken, D. L. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 395. (k) Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1996, 705. Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9289.
7. For recent reviews on palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, see: (a) Fiaud, J. C. In Mechanisms in Stereo-Differentiating Metal-Catalysed Reactions. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalysed Allylation in Metal Promoted Selectivity in Organic Synthesis; Graziani, M., Hubert, A. J., Noels, A. F., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991; p 107. (b) Godleski, S. A. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; p 585. Frost, C. G.; Howarth, J.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 1089. Hayashi, T. In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis; Ojima, I., Ed.; VCH, 1993; p 325. (e) Reiser, O. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 547. (f) Palladium in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print No. 52, Bäckvall, J. E., Ed. Tetrahedron 1994, 50(2), 285. (g) Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 975. (h) Tsuji, J.; Mandai, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2589. Trost, B. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 355. (j) Trost, B. M.; Van Vranken, D. L. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 395. (k) Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1996, 705. Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9289.
8. For recent reviews on palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, see: (a) Fiaud, J. C. In Mechanisms in Stereo-Differentiating Metal-Catalysed Reactions. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalysed Allylation in Metal Promoted Selectivity in Organic Synthesis; Graziani, M., Hubert, A. J., Noels, A. F., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991; p 107. (b) Godleski, S. A. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; p 585. Frost, C. G.; Howarth, J.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 1089. Hayashi, T. In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis; Ojima, I., Ed.; VCH, 1993; p 325. (e) Reiser, O. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 547. (f) Palladium in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print No. 52, Bäckvall, J. E., Ed. Tetrahedron 1994, 50(2), 285. (g) Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 975. (h) Tsuji, J.; Mandai, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2589. Trost, B. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 355. (j) Trost, B. M.; Van Vranken, D. L. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 395. (k) Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1996, 705. Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9289.
9. For recent reviews on palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, see: (a) Fiaud, J. C. In Mechanisms in Stereo-Differentiating Metal-Catalysed Reactions. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalysed Allylation in Metal Promoted Selectivity in Organic Synthesis; Graziani, M., Hubert, A. J., Noels, A. F., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991; p 107. (b) Godleski, S. A. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; p 585. Frost, C. G.; Howarth, J.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 1089. Hayashi, T. In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis; Ojima, I., Ed.; VCH, 1993; p 325. (e) Reiser, O. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 547. (f) Palladium in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print No. 52, Bäckvall, J. E., Ed. Tetrahedron 1994, 50(2), 285. (g) Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 975. (h) Tsuji, J.; Mandai, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2589. Trost, B. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 355. (j) Trost, B. M.; Van Vranken, D. L. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 395. (k) Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1996, 705. Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9289.
10. For recent reviews on palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, see: (a) Fiaud, J. C. In Mechanisms in Stereo-Differentiating Metal-Catalysed Reactions. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalysed Allylation in Metal Promoted Selectivity in Organic Synthesis; Graziani, M., Hubert, A. J., Noels, A. F., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991; p 107. (b) Godleski, S. A. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; p 585. Frost, C. G.; Howarth, J.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 1089. Hayashi, T. In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis; Ojima, I., Ed.; VCH, 1993; p 325. (e) Reiser, O. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 547. (f) Palladium in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print No. 52, Bäckvall, J. E., Ed. Tetrahedron 1994, 50(2), 285. (g) Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 975. (h) Tsuji, J.; Mandai, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2589. Trost, B. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 355. (j) Trost, B. M.; Van Vranken, D. L. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 395. (k) Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1996, 705. Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9289.
11. For recent reviews on palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, see: (a) Fiaud, J. C. In Mechanisms in Stereo-Differentiating Metal-Catalysed Reactions. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalysed Allylation in Metal Promoted Selectivity in Organic Synthesis; Graziani, M., Hubert, A. J., Noels, A. F., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991; p 107. (b) Godleski, S. A. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; p 585. Frost, C. G.; Howarth, J.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 1089. Hayashi, T. In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis; Ojima, I., Ed.; VCH, 1993; p 325. (e) Reiser, O. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 547. (f) Palladium in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print No. 52, Bäckvall, J. E., Ed. Tetrahedron 1994, 50(2), 285. (g) Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 975. (h) Tsuji, J.; Mandai, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2589. Trost, B. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 355. (j) Trost, B. M.; Van Vranken, D. L. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 395. (k) Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1996, 705. Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9289.
12. For recent reviews on palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, see: (a) Fiaud, J. C. In Mechanisms in Stereo-Differentiating Metal-Catalysed Reactions. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalysed Allylation in Metal Promoted Selectivity in Organic Synthesis; Graziani, M., Hubert, A. J., Noels, A. F., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1991; p 107. (b) Godleski, S. A. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; p 585. Frost, C. G.; Howarth, J.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 1089. Hayashi, T. In Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis; Ojima, I., Ed.; VCH, 1993; p 325. (e) Reiser, O. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 547. (f) Palladium in Organic Synthesis, Tetrahedron Symposium-in-Print No. 52, Bäckvall, J. E., Ed. Tetrahedron 1994, 50(2), 285. (g) Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 975. (h) Tsuji, J.; Mandai, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2589. Trost, B. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 355. (j) Trost, B. M.; Van Vranken, D. L. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 395. (k) Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1996, 705. Heumann, A.; Réglier, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9289.
13. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
14. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
15. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
16. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
17. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
18. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
19. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
20. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
21. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
22. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
23. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
24. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
25. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
26. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
27. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
28. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
29. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
30. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
31. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
32. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
33. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
34. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
35. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
36. For the scope of substrates and leaving groups used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Schmuff, N. R.; Miller, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5979. (b) Tanigawa, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Kawasaki, A.; Murahashi, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982, 23, 5549. Sheffy, F. K.; Stille, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7173. Tsuji, J.; Shimizu, I.; Minami, I.; Ohashi, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Sugiura, T. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1523. (e) Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 4361. (f) Tsuji, J.; Minami, I. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 140. (g) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4840. (h) Spears, G. W.; Nakanishi, K.; Ohfune, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5339. Mori, M.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M. Chem. Lett. 1991, 1797. (j) Vitagliano, A.; Åkermark, B.; Hansson, S. Organometallics 1991, 10, 2592. (k) Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2509. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1994, 13, 397. Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 465. (n) Doi, T.; Yanagisawa, A.; Miyazawa, M.; Yamamoto, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 389. (o) Hiroi, K.; Onuma, H.; Arinaga, Y. Chem. Lett. 1995, 1099. (p) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron-Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1899. (q) Yamamoto, Y.; Fujiwara, N. Chem. Commun. 1995, 2013. (r) Legros, J.-Y.; Toffano, M.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 3235. (s) Trost, B. M.; Lee, C. B.; Weiss, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7247. (t) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. An. Quim. 1996, 92, 25. (u) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 99. Vicart, N.; Goré, J.; Cazes, B. Synlett 1996, 850. (w) Thorimbert, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8483. Toffano, M.; Legros, J.-Y.; Fiaud, J.-C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 77.
37. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
38. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662.
39. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
40. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
41. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
42. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
43. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
44. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
45. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
46. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
47. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
48. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
49. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
50. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
51. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
52. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
53. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
54. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
55. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
56. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
57. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
58. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
59. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
60. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
61. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
62. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
63. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.;
64. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
65. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
66. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
67. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
68. For the scope of nucleophiles used, see: (a) Trost, B. M.; Strege, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1649. (b) Dunkerton, L. V.; Serino, A. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 2812. Keinan, E.; Roth, Z. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1769. Keinan, E.; Sahai, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 648. (e) Fiaud, J.-C.; Legros, J.-Y. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1907. (f) Hayashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Ito, Y.; Nishioka, E.; Miura, H.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6301. (g) Tsuda, T.; Kiyoi, T; Saegusa, T. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3388. (h) Yamaguchi, M.; Shima, T.; Yamagishi, T.; Hida, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5049. Bernocchi, E.; Cacchi, S.; Morera, E.; Ortar, G. Synlett 1992, 161. (j) Aufranc, P.; Ollivier, J.; Stolle, A.; Bremer, C.; Es-Sayed, M.; de Meijere, A.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 4193. (k) Jumnah, R.; Williams, J. M. J.; Williams, A. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6619. Uozumi, Y.; Tanahashi, A.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6826. Moreno-Mañas, M.; Perez, M.; Pleixats, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 515. (n) Nokami, J.; Matsuura, H.;Nakasima, K.; Shibata, S. Chem. Lett. 1994, 1071. (o) Hutchins, R. O.; Wei, J.; Rao, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 4007. (p) Caló, V.; Fiandanese, V.; Nacci, A.; Scilimati, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 171. (q) Eichelmann, H.; Gais, H.-J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 643. (r) Jumnah, R.; Williams, A. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Synlett 1995, 821. (s) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Roglans, A. Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1807. (t) Rieck, H.; Helmchen, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2687. (u) Johnson, E. P.; Chen, G.-P.; Fales, K. R.; Lenk, B. E.; Szendroi, R. J.; Wang, X.-J.; Carlson, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6595. Trost, B. M.; Organ, M. G.; O'Doherty, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9662. (w) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 66, 73. Michelet, V.; Besnier, I.; Genêt, J. P. Synlett 1996, 215. (y) Bäckvall, J. -E. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 535. (z) Bäckvall, J.-E. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 661. (aa) Trost, B. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 779. (ab) Koch, G.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2213. (ac) Jin, Z. D.; Fuchs, P. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5253. (ad) Konkel, M. J.; Vince, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6199. (ae) Goux, C.; Sigismondi, S.; Sinou, D.; Pérez, M.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pleixats, R.; Villarroya, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9521. (af) Hayashi, T.; Yamane, M.; Ohno, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 204.
69. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
70. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
71. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
72. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
73. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
74. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
75. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
76. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
77. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
78. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
79. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
80. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
81. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A.
82. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
83. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
84. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
85. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
86. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
87. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
88. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
89. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
90. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
91. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
92. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
93. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
94. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
95. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
96. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
97. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon,
98. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
99. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
100. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
101. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
102. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
103. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
104. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
105. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
106. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
107. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
108. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
109. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
110. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
111. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
112. For recent developments concerning new chiral ligands, see: (a) Togni, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1991, 2, 683. (b) Leutenegger, U.; Umbricht, G.; Fahrni, C.; von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 2143. Trost, B. M.; Vranken, D. L.; Bingel, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9327. von Matt, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 566. (e) Alcock, N. W.; Brown, J. M.; Hulmes, D. I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 743. (f) Sprinz, J.; Helmchen, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1769. (g) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 1785. (h) Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2015. Yamazaki, A.; Morimoto, T.: Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1993, 4, 2287. (j) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3149. (k) Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Martin, F. C.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7793. Kubota, H.; Nakajima, M.; Koga, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8135. Togni, A.; Venanzi, L. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 497. (n) Allen, J. V.; Dawson, G. J.; Frost, C. G.; Williams, J. M. J.; Coote, S. J. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 799. (o) Allen, J.; Coote, S. J.; Dawson, G. J.; Trost, C. G.; Martin, C. J.; Williams, J. M. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 2065. (p) Brenchley, G.; Merifield, E.; Wills, M.; Fedouloff, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2791. (q) Togni, A.; Breutel, C.; Schnyder, A.; Spindler, F.; Landert, H.; Tijani, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4062. (r) Hayashi, T.; Ohno, A.; Lu, S.-J.; Matsumoto, Y.; Fukuyo, E.; Yanagi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4221. (s) Tanner, D.; Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Somfai, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 4631. (t) Andersson, P. G.; Harden, A.; Tanner, D.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 12. (u) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Gessler, S.; Harms, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 502, 47. Wimmer, P.; Wilhalm, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 657. (w) Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1021. Gamez, P.; Dunjic, B.; Fache, F.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 1109. (y) Seebach, D.; Devaquet, E.; Ernst, A.; Hayakawa, M.; Kühnle, F. N. M.; Schweizer, W. B.; Weber, B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 1636. (z) Knühl, G.; Sennhenn, P.; Helmchen, G. Chem. Commun. 1995, 1845. (aa) Yoshizaki, H.; Satoh, H.; Sato, Y.; Nukui, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2016. (ab) Trost, B. M.; Breit, B.; Peukert, S.; Zambrano, J.; Ziller, J. W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2386. (ac) Brenchley, G.; Fedouloff, M.; Mahon, M. F.; Molloy, K. C.; Wills, M. Tetrahedron 1995, 57, 10581. (ad) Koning, B.; Hulst, R.; Kellogg, R. M. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 49. (ae) Togni, A. Chimia 1996, 50, 86. (af) Pfaltz, A. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 189. (ag)Yamazaki, A.; Achiwa, I.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 403. (ah) Kubota, H.; Koga, K. Heterocycles 1996, 42, 543. (ai) Nomura, N.; Mermet-Bouvier, Y. C.; RajanBabu, T. V. Synlett 1996, 745. (aj) Chelucci, G.; Cabras, M. A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 965. (ak) Togni, A.; Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1031. (al) Barbaro, P.; Currao, A.; Herrmann, J.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1879. (am) Sawamura, M.; Sudoh, M.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3309. (an) Bolm, C.; Kaufmann, D.; Zehnder, M.; Neuburger, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3985. (ao) Zhu, G.; Terry, M.; Zhang, X. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4475. (ap) Zhang, W.; Hirao, T.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4545. (aq) Hamada, Y.; Seto, N.; Ohmori, H.; Hatano, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7565. (ar) Zhang, W.; Kida, T.; Nakatsuji, Y.; Ikeda, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7995, (as) Evans, P. A.; Brandt, T. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9143.
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115. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
116. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
117. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
118. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
119. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
120. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
121. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
122. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
123. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
124. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
125. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
126. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
127. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
128. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
129. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
130. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
131. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.;
132. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
133. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
134. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
135. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
136. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
137. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
138. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
139. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
140. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
141. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
142. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
143. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
144. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
145. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
146. For recent mechanistic, structural, and computational studies involving the all-carbon π-allylpalladium systems, see: (a) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 83. (b) Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 128. Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1994, 32, 297. Crociani, B.; Antonaroli, S.; Di Bianca, F.; Canovese, L.; Visentin, F.; Uguagliati, P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 1145. (e) Sprinz, J.; Kiefer, M.; Helmchen, G.; Reggelin, M.; Huttner, G.; Walter, O.; Zsolnai, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1523. (f) Breutel, C.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4067. (g) Pregosin, P. S.; Rüegger, H.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Lianza, F.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1994, 13, 5040. (h) von Matt, P.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Minidis, A. B. E.; Pfaltz, A.; Macko, L.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M.; Rüegger, H.; Pregosin, P. S. Helv. Chim. Acta 1995, 78, 265. Martin, J. T.; Oslob, J. D.; Åkermark, B.; Norrby, P.-O. Acta Chem. Scand. 1995, 49, 888. (j) Gogoll, A.; Gomes, J.; Bergkvist, M.; Grennberg, H. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1354. (k) Åkermark, B.; Oslob, J. D.; Norrby, P.-O. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1688. Amatore, C.; Carré, E.; Jutand, A.; M'Barki, M. A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 1818. Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1995, 14, 2463. (n) Castaño, A. M.; Aranyos, A.; Szabó, K. J.; Bäckvall, J.-E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2551. (o) Herrmann, J.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A. Organometallics 1995, 14, 3311. (p) Barbaro, P.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Albinati, A.; Kunz, R. W. Organometallics 1995, 14, 5160. (q) Trost, B. M.; Bunt, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 235. (r) Yamaguchi, M.; Yabuki, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Sakai, K.; Tsubomura, T. Chem. Lett. 1996, 241. (s) Ankersmit, H. A.; Veldman, N.; Spek, A. L.; Vrieze, K.; van Koten, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 339. (t) Elguero, J.; Fruchier, A.; de la Hoz, A.; Jalón, F. A.; Manzano, B. R.; Otero, A.; Gómez-de la Torre, F. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 589. (u) Malet, R.; Moreno-Mañas, M.; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 758. Baltzer, N.; Macko, L.; Schaffner, S.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 803. (w) Hosokawa, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Hosokawa, K.; Tsuji, T.; Murahashi, S.-I. Chem. Commun. 1996, 859. Szabó, K. J. Organometallics 1996, 15, 1128. (y) Albinati, A.; Pregosin, P. S.; Wick, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2419. (z) Ward, T. R. Organometallics 1996, 15, 2836. (aa) Rülke, R. E.; Kaasjager, V. E.; Wehman, P.; Elsevier, C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M.; Vrieze, K.; Fraanje, J.; Goubitz, K.; Spek, A. L. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3022. (ab) Burckhardt, U.; Gramlich, V.; Hofmann, P.; Nesper, R.; Pregosin, P. S.; Salzmann, R.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3496. (ac) Blöchl, P. E.; Togni, A. Organometallics 1996, 15, 4125. (ad) Peña-Cabrera, E.; Norrby, P.-O.; Sjögren, M.; Vitagliano, A.; De Felice, V.; Oslob, J.; Ishii, S.; O'Neill, D.; Åkermark, B.; Helquist, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4299. (ae) Szabó, K J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 128, 7818. (af) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pajuelo, F; Parella, T.; Pleixats, R. Organometallics 1997, 16, 205. (ag) van Asselt, R.; Elsevier, C. J.; Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Organometallics 1997, 16, 317.
147. For examples of oxa-π-allylpalladium complexes, see: (a) Yoshimura, N.; Murahashi, S.-I.; Moritani, I. J. Organomet. Chem. 1973, 52, C58. (b) Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 494. Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 4519. Torres, L. E.; Larson, G. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 2223. (e) Lemke, F. R.; Kubiak, C. P. J. Organomet. Chem. 1989, 373, 391. (f) Larock, R. C.; Lee N. H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 5911. (g) Ogoshi, S.; Morimoto, T.; Nishio, K.-I.; Ohe, K.; Murai, S. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 55, 9.
148. For examples of oxa-π-allylpalladium complexes, see: (a) Yoshimura, N.; Murahashi, S.-I.; Moritani, I. J. Organomet. Chem. 1973, 52, C58. (b) Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 494. Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 4519. Torres, L. E.; Larson, G. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 2223. (e) Lemke, F. R.; Kubiak, C. P. J. Organomet. Chem. 1989, 373, 391. (f) Larock, R. C.; Lee N. H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 5911. (g) Ogoshi, S.; Morimoto, T.; Nishio, K.-I.; Ohe, K.; Murai, S. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 55, 9.
149. For examples of oxa-π-allylpalladium complexes, see: (a) Yoshimura, N.; Murahashi, S.-I.; Moritani, I. J. Organomet. Chem. 1973, 52, C58. (b) Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 494. Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 4519. Torres, L. E.; Larson, G. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 2223. (e) Lemke, F. R.; Kubiak, C. P. J. Organomet. Chem. 1989, 373, 391. (f) Larock, R. C.; Lee N. H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 5911. (g) Ogoshi, S.; Morimoto, T.; Nishio, K.-I.; Ohe, K.; Murai, S. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 55, 9.
150. For examples of oxa-π-allylpalladium complexes, see: (a) Yoshimura, N.; Murahashi, S.-I.; Moritani, I. J. Organomet. Chem. 1973, 52, C58. (b) Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 494. Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 4519. Torres, L. E.; Larson, G. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 2223. (e) Lemke, F. R.; Kubiak, C. P. J. Organomet. Chem. 1989, 373, 391. (f) Larock, R. C.; Lee N. H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 5911. (g) Ogoshi, S.; Morimoto, T.; Nishio, K.-I.; Ohe, K.; Murai, S. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 55, 9.
151. For examples of oxa-π-allylpalladium complexes, see: (a) Yoshimura, N.; Murahashi, S.-I.; Moritani, I. J. Organomet. Chem. 1973, 52, C58. (b) Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 494. Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 4519. Torres, L. E.; Larson, G. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 2223. (e) Lemke, F. R.; Kubiak, C. P. J. Organomet. Chem. 1989, 373, 391. (f) Larock, R. C.; Lee N. H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 5911. (g) Ogoshi, S.; Morimoto, T.; Nishio, K.-I.; Ohe, K.; Murai, S. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 55, 9.
152. For examples of oxa-π-allylpalladium complexes, see: (a) Yoshimura, N.; Murahashi, S.-I.; Moritani, I. J. Organomet. Chem. 1973, 52, C58. (b) Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 494. Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 4519. Torres, L. E.; Larson, G. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 2223. (e) Lemke, F. R.; Kubiak, C. P. J. Organomet. Chem. 1989, 373, 391. (f) Larock, R. C.; Lee N. H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 5911. (g) Ogoshi, S.; Morimoto, T.; Nishio, K.-I.; Ohe, K.; Murai, S. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 55, 9.
153. For examples of oxa-π-allylpalladium complexes, see: (a) Yoshimura, N.; Murahashi, S.-I.; Moritani, I. J. Organomet. Chem. 1973, 52, C58. (b) Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 494. Ito, Y.; Aoyama, H.; Hirao, A. M.; Saegusa, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 4519. Torres, L. E.; Larson, G. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 2223. (e) Lemke, F. R.; Kubiak, C. P. J. Organomet. Chem. 1989, 373, 391. (f) Larock, R. C.; Lee N. H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 5911. (g) Ogoshi, S.; Morimoto, T.; Nishio, K.-I.; Ohe, K.; Murai, S. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 55, 9.
154. For examples of π-azaallyl transition metal complexes, see: (a) Alper, H.; Perera, C. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1289. (b) Alper, H.; Mahatantila, C. P. Organometallics 1982, 1, 70. Filippou, A. C.; Völkl, C.; Rogers, R. D. J. Organomet. Chem. 1993, 463, 135.
155. For examples of π-azaallyl transition metal complexes, see: (a) Alper, H.; Perera, C. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1289. (b) Alper, H.; Mahatantila, C. P. Organometallics 1982, 1, 70. Filippou, A. C.; Völkl, C.; Rogers, R. D. J. Organomet. Chem. 1993, 463, 135.
156. For examples of π-azaallyl transition metal complexes, see: (a) Alper, H.; Perera, C. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1289. (b) Alper, H.; Mahatantila, C. P. Organometallics 1982, 1, 70. Filippou, A. C.; Völkl, C.; Rogers, R. D. J. Organomet. Chem. 1993, 463, 135.
157. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
158. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
159. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
160. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
161. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
162. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
163. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
164. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
165. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
166. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
167. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
168. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
169. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
170. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
171. 2-Azaallenium salts have been isolated and studied extensively; see: (a) Würthwein, E.-U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 99. (b) Jochims, J. C.; Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jibril, I.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 1900. Würthwein, E.-U. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2971. Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3222. (e) Al-Talib, M.; Jibril, I.; Würthwein, E.-U.; Jochims, J. C.; Huttner, G. Chem. Ber. 1984, 117, 3365. (f) Al-Talib, M.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 4019. (g) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett 1985, 26, 3547. (h) Kupfer, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 857. Liebscher, J. Synthesis 1988, 655. (j) Hamed, A.; Jochimsi, J. C.; Przybylski, M. Synthesis 1989, 400. (k) Jochims, J. C.; Hamed, A.; Huu-Phuoc, T.; Hofmann, J.; Fischer, H. Synthesis 1989, 918. Weidner, R.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1095. Abu-El-Halawa, R.; Jochims, J. C. Synthesis 1992, 871. (n) Kupfer, R.; Meier, S.; Würthwein, E.-U. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125, 2487. (o) Ismall, A. E.-H.; Hamed, A.; Zeid, I.; Jochims, J. C. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 8271. (p) Geisler, A.; Würthwein, E.-U. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35 77.
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198. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
199. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
200. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
201. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
202. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
203. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
204. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
205. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
206. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
207. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
208. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
209. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
210. For the use of various benzophenone Schiff base derivatives as nucleophilic partners in palladium-catalyzed reactions, see: (a) Ferroud, D.; Genet, J.-P.; Kiolle, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 23. (b) Genet, J. P.; Ferroud, D.; Juge, S.; Montes, J. R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4573. (c) Genêt, J.-P.; Jugé, S.; Ruiz Montès, J.; Gaudin, J. M. Chem. Commun. 1988, 718. (d) Cazes, B.; Djahanbini, D.; Goré, J.; Genêt, J.-P.; Gaudin, J.-M. Synthesis 1988, 983. (e) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Achi, S.; Mallart, S.; Montes, J. R.; Levif, G. Tetrahedron 1988, 44. 5263. (f) Genet, J.-P.; Juge, S.; Besnier, I.; Uziel, J.; Ferroud, D.; Kardos, N.; Achi, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Thorimbert, S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1990, 127, 781. (g) Genet, J.-P.; Kopola, N.; Juge, S.; Ruiz-Montes, J.; Antunes, O. A. C.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 3133. (h) Genêt, J.-P.; Uziel, J.; Port, M.; Touzin, A. M.; Roland, S.; Thorimbert, S.; Tanier, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 77. (i) Stolle, A.; Ollivier, J.; Piras, P. P.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4051. (j) Voigt, K.; Stolle, A.; Salaün, J.; de Meijere, A. Synlett 1995, 226. (k) Baldwin, I. C.; Williams, J. M. J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 679. (l) Gaucher, A.; Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2979. (m) Hiroi, K.; Yamaoka, N.; Kato, F.; Oishi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7251. (n) Dorizon, P.; Ollivier, J.; Salaün, J. Synlett 1996, 1071.
211. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
212. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
213. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
214. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
215. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
216. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
217. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
218. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
219. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
220. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
221. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
222. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
223. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
224. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.;
225. For the syntheses, properties, and applications of ASA and derivatives, see: (a) Hauschka, P.; Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 108, 57. (b) Henson, E. B.; Gallop, P. M.; Hauschka, P. V. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 2561. (c) Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3935. (d) Christy, M. R.; Koch, T. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1771. (e) Richey, B.; Christy, M. R.; Haltiwanger, R. C.; Koch, T. H.; Gill, S. J. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 4819. (f) Dixon, N. E.; Sargeson, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6716. (g) Rich, D. H.; Dhaon, M. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 1671. (h) Haroon, Y. Anal. Biochem. 1984, 140, 343. (i) Koch, T. H.; Christy, M. R.; Barkley, R. M.; Sluski, R.; Bohemier, D.; Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M. Methods Enzymol. 1984, 107, 563. (j) Van Buskirk, J. J.; Kirsch, W. M.; Kleyer, D. L.; Barkley, R. M.; Koch, T. H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1984, 81, 722. (k) Schöllkopf, U.; Neubaubr, H.-J.; Haupteif, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 1066. (l) Smalley, D. M.; Preusch, P. C. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 172, 241. (m) Williams, R. M.; Sinclair, P. J.; Zhai, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 482. (n) Annett, R. G.; Hassamal, V. M.; Fishpool, A. M.; Kosakarn, P.; Cassamalli, A.; Allinson, E. T. Can. J. Chem. 1990, 68, 886. (o) Nishimoto, S. K.; Zhao, J.; Dass, C. Anal. Biochem. 1994, 216, 159.
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232. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
233. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
234. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
235. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
236. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
237. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
238. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
239. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
240. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
241. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
242. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
243. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
244. For lead references and reviews concerning the synthesis and application of BINAP and its derivatives, see: (a) Miyashita, A.; Yasuda, A.; Takaya, H.; Toriumi, K.; Ito, T.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932. (b) Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245. (c) Takaya, H.; Mashima, K.; Koyano, K.; Yagi, M.; Kumobayashi, H.; Taketomi, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 629. (d) Takaya, H.; Akutagawa, S.; Noyori, R. Org. Synth. 1988, 67, 20. (e) Noyori, R.; Takaya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345. (f) Mashima, K.; Matsumura, Y.-I; Kusano, K.-H; Kumobayashi, H.; Sayo, N.; Hori, Y.; Ishizaki, T.; Akutagawa, S.; Takaya, H. Chem. Commun. 1991, 609. (g) Noyori, R. Chemtech 1992, 360. (h) Rosini, C.; Franzini, L.; Raffaelli, A.; Salvadori P. Synthesis 1992, 503. (i) Knierzinger, A.; Schönholzer, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1992, 75, 1211. (j) Uozumi, Y. Tanahashi, A., Lee, S.-Y.; Hayashi, T. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1945. (k) Noyori, R. Stereocontrolled Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1994; p 1. (l) Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 4259. (m) Akutagawa, S. Applied Catal. A: General 1995, 128, 171. (n) Schmid, R.; Broger, E. A.; Cereghetti, M.; Crameri, Y.; Foricher, J.; Lalonde, M.; Müller, R. K.; Scalone, M.; Schoettel, G.; Zutter, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 131. (o) Kumobayashi, H. Recl. Trav. Chim. 1996, 115, 201. (p) Noyori, R. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50, 380.
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