Electronic Properties of Bisporphyrin Biradical Dications

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology Section A: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals

Volumn 334, Issue , 1999, Pages 459-467

  Shultz, David A ^a   Lee, Hyoyoung ^a   Gwaltney, Kevin P ^a   Sandberg, Kay A ^a  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001623395     PISSN: 1058725X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10587259908023342     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi, 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
2. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi, 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
3. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi, 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
4. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi, 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
5. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi, 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
6. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi, 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
7. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi, 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
8. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
9. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
10. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
11. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
12. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
13. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
14. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
15. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
16. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
17. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
18. For studies of porphyrinic magnetic materials and related interesting molecules, see the following: (a) M. Kamachi., X. Cheng, H. Aota, W. Mori and M. Kishita, Chem. Lett., 2331 (1987); (b) M. Kamachi, Nihon Butsuri Gakkaishi 42,351 (1987); (c) N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Nihon Kagaku Naishi, 1456 (1989); (d) H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org.Chem., 26, 179 (1990); (e) J.S. Miller, J.C. Calabrese, R.S. McLean and A.J. Epstein Adv. Mater., 4, 498 (1992); (f) D.A. Shultz, D.A. Knox, L.W. Morgan, K. Sandberg and G.N. Tew, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 3974 (1993); (g) B.J. Conklin, S.P. Sellers, J.P. Fitzgerald and G.T. Yee, Adv. Mater., 6, 836 (1994); (h) M. Kitano, Y. Ishimaru, K. Inoue, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, Inorg. Chem., 33, 6012 (1994); (i) M. Kitano, N. Koga and H. Iwamura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 447 (1994); (j) J.S. Miller, C. Vazquez and A.J. Epstein, J. Mat.Chem., 5,707 (1995); (k) A. Böhm, C. Vazquez, R.S. McLean, J.C. Calabrese, S.E. Kalm, J.L. Manson, A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem., 35, 3083 (1996); (l) A.J. Epstein and J.S. Miller, Synth Met., 80, 231 (1996); (m) N.A Girtu C.M Wynn, K.-I Sugiura J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Synth. Met., 85, 1703 (1997); (n) K. Nagai, T. Iyoda, A. Fujishima and K. Hashimoto, Synth. Met., 85, 1701 (1997); (o) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu and K.-I Sugiura, SynthMet. 85 1695 (1997); (p) C.W. Wynn, M.A. Girtu, W.B. Brinckerhoff, K.-I. Sugiura, J.S. Miller and A.J. Epstein, Chem, Mater., 9, 2156 (1997); (q) D.A. Shultz, K.P. Gwaltney and H. Lee, J. Org. Chem., 63, 769 (1998); (r) E.J. Brandon, C. Kollmar and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120,1822 (1998)..
19. 2u-type π-cation radicals having substantial spin density on meso-carbons, see: M. Atamian, R.W. Wagner, J.L. Lindsey and D.F. Bocian, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 27, 1510 (1988); H. Song, C.A. Reed and W.R. Scheidt, J. Am. Chem.Soc., 111, 6865 (1989). (b) For a previous report of cofacial bis(porphyrin) dication biradicals, see: Y.L. Mest, M. L'Her, N.H. Hendricks, K. Kim and J.P. Collman, Inorg. Chem., 31, 835 (1992).
20. 2u-type π-cation radicals having substantial spin density on meso-carbons, see: M. Atamian, R.W. Wagner, J.L. Lindsey and D.F. Bocian, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 27, 1510 (1988); H. Song, C.A. Reed and W.R. Scheidt, J. Am. Chem.Soc., 111, 6865 (1989). (b) For a previous report of cofacial bis(porphyrin) dication biradicals, see: Y.L. Mest, M. L'Her, N.H. Hendricks, K. Kim and J.P. Collman, Inorg. Chem., 31, 835 (1992).
21. 2u-type π-cation radicals having substantial spin density on meso-carbons, see: M. Atamian, R.W. Wagner, J.L. Lindsey and D.F. Bocian, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 27, 1510 (1988); H. Song, C.A. Reed and W.R. Scheidt, J. Am. Chem.Soc., 111, 6865 (1989). (b) For a previous report of cofacial bis(porphyrin) dication biradicals, see: Y.L. Mest, M. L'Her, N.H. Hendricks, K. Kim and J.P. Collman, Inorg. Chem., 31, 835 (1992).
22. 2u-type π-cation radicals having substantial spin density on meso-carbons, see: M. Atamian, R.W. Wagner, J.L. Lindsey and D.F. Bocian, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 27, 1510 (1988); H. Song, C.A. Reed and W.R. Scheidt, J. Am. Chem.Soc., 111, 6865 (1989). (b) For a previous report of cofacial bis(porphyrin) dication biradicals, see: Y.L. Mest, M. L'Her, N.H. Hendricks, K. Kim and J.P. Collman, Inorg. Chem., 31, 835 (1992).
23. W.T. Borden and E.R. Davidson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 4587 (1977); P. Dowd, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 88, 2587 (1966); P. Dowd, Acc. Chem. Res., 5, 242 (1972); J.H. Davis and W.A. Goddard, III., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 4242 (1977); D.M. Hood, H.F. Schaefer, III, R.M. Pitzer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 8009 (1978); J.A. Berson, Acc.Chem. Res., 11,446 (1978); B.B. Wright and M.S. Platz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105,628 (1983) S Fang, M.-S. Lee, D.A. Hrovat and W.T. Borden, J. Am.Chem Soc., 117, 6727 (1995); P.G. Wenthold, R.R. Squires and W.C. Lineberger, J. Am.Chem. Soc., 118, 475 (1996); P.G. Wenthold, J.B. Kim and W.C. Lineberger, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 1354 (1997). For an excellent recent review of high-spin organic molecules, see: A. Rajca, Chem. Rev., 94, 871 (1994).
24. W.T. Borden and E.R. Davidson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 4587 (1977); P. Dowd, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 88, 2587 (1966); P. Dowd, Acc. Chem. Res., 5, 242 (1972); J.H. Davis and W.A. Goddard, III., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 4242 (1977); D.M. Hood, H.F. Schaefer, III, R.M. Pitzer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 8009 (1978); J.A. Berson, Acc.Chem. Res., 11,446 (1978); B.B. Wright and M.S. Platz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105,628 (1983) S Fang, M.-S. Lee, D.A. Hrovat and W.T. Borden, J. Am.Chem Soc., 117, 6727 (1995); P.G. Wenthold, R.R. Squires and W.C. Lineberger, J. Am.Chem. Soc., 118, 475 (1996); P.G. Wenthold, J.B. Kim and W.C. Lineberger, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 1354 (1997). For an excellent recent review of high-spin organic molecules, see: A. Rajca, Chem. Rev., 94, 871 (1994).
25. W.T. Borden and E.R. Davidson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 4587 (1977); P. Dowd, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 88, 2587 (1966); P. Dowd, Acc. Chem. Res., 5, 242 (1972); J.H. Davis and W.A. Goddard, III., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 4242 (1977); D.M. Hood, H.F. Schaefer, III, R.M. Pitzer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 8009 (1978); J.A. Berson, Acc.Chem. Res., 11,446 (1978); B.B. Wright and M.S. Platz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105,628 (1983) S Fang, M.-S. Lee, D.A. Hrovat and W.T. Borden, J. Am.Chem Soc., 117, 6727 (1995); P.G. Wenthold, R.R. Squires and W.C. Lineberger, J. Am.Chem. Soc., 118, 475 (1996); P.G. Wenthold, J.B. Kim and W.C. Lineberger, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 1354 (1997). For an excellent recent review of high-spin organic molecules, see: A. Rajca, Chem. Rev., 94, 871 (1994).
26. W.T. Borden and E.R. Davidson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 4587 (1977); P. Dowd, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 88, 2587 (1966); P. Dowd, Acc. Chem. Res., 5, 242 (1972); J.H. Davis and W.A. Goddard, III., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 4242 (1977); D.M. Hood, H.F. Schaefer, III, R.M. Pitzer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 8009 (1978); J.A. Berson, Acc.Chem. Res., 11,446 (1978); B.B. Wright and M.S. Platz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105,628 (1983) S Fang, M.-S. Lee, D.A. Hrovat and W.T. Borden, J. Am.Chem Soc., 117, 6727 (1995); P.G. Wenthold, R.R. Squires and W.C. Lineberger, J. Am.Chem. Soc., 118, 475 (1996); P.G. Wenthold, J.B. Kim and W.C. Lineberger, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 1354 (1997). For an excellent recent review of high-spin organic molecules, see: A. Rajca, Chem. Rev., 94, 871 (1994).
27. W.T. Borden and E.R. Davidson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 4587 (1977); P. Dowd, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 88, 2587 (1966); P. Dowd, Acc. Chem. Res., 5, 242 (1972); J.H. Davis and W.A. Goddard, III., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 4242 (1977); D.M. Hood, H.F. Schaefer, III, R.M. Pitzer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 8009 (1978); J.A. Berson, Acc.Chem. Res., 11,446 (1978); B.B. Wright and M.S. Platz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105,628 (1983) S Fang, M.-S. Lee, D.A. Hrovat and W.T. Borden, J. Am.Chem Soc., 117, 6727 (1995); P.G. Wenthold, R.R. Squires and W.C. Lineberger, J. Am.Chem. Soc., 118, 475 (1996); P.G. Wenthold, J.B. Kim and W.C. Lineberger, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 1354 (1997). For an excellent recent review of high-spin organic molecules, see: A. Rajca, Chem. Rev., 94, 871 (1994).
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