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This is an exceptionally clear and persuasive discussion of the packing arrangements within tendon collagen fibrils. It is interesting, however, that one is still unable to dismiss the distorted, quasi-hexagonal microfibril as a possible ultimate structural unit.
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This paper, and its predecessors from the same collaboration, confirms the fact that cross-linkages in collagen may change during mineralization as an active process. Although it does not explicitly discuss the point, the inherent flexibility of collagen molecules is an absolute requirement for permitting variations in the azimuthal orientation of different segments of individual molecules.
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This, and the related set of papers on the tomographic imaging of the deposition of mineral crystals within and surrounding collagen fibrils in turkey tendon and bone, represents a major advance in understanding collagen based mineralization systems. Very careful consideration of this data will be required in planning any future research on collagen mineralization or theoretical discussions of mineral nucleation.
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The use of SAXS to determine the orientation of the crystals relative to the orientation of the collagen fibrils has revealed two important points. As also shown in [47,48] the c-axis of the apatite crystals align more with the external orientation of the bone axes than with the collagen fibrils. Yet, an impairment of the packing within the collagen fibrils, due to a chain mutation for example, does also affect thsize and orientation of the crystals. Collagen order does affect mineral order. It will be interesting to see how the acoustic and SAXS data relate to the mechanistic questions of mineral nucleation.
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Fratzl P, Paris O, Klaushofer K, Landis WJ. Bone mineralization in an osteogenesis imperfecta mouse model studied by small-angle X-ray scattering. J Clin Invest. 97:1996;396-402 The use of SAXS to determine the orientation of the crystals relative to the orientation of the collagen fibrils has revealed two important points. As also shown in [47,48] the c-axis of the apatite crystals align more with the external orientation of the bone axes than with the collagen fibrils. Yet, an impairment of the packing within the collagen fibrils, due to a chain mutation for example, does also affect thsize and orientation of the crystals. Collagen order does affect mineral order. It will be interesting to see how the acoustic and SAXS data relate to the mechanistic questions of mineral nucleation.
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