메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 102, Issue 23, 1997, Pages 28367-28384

Impact of lightning and convection on reactive nitrogen in the tropical free troposphere

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0000978107     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97jd02073     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 0027062004 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment
    • Carroll, M. A., et al., Measurements of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10,361-10,374, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97
    • Carroll, M.A.1
  • 3
    • 0029752252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-NO system based on airborne observations from the western and central North Pacific
    • 2-NO system based on airborne observations from the western and central North Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2053-2072, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 2053-2072
    • Crawford, J.1
  • 4
    • 84905416411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of ozone photochemistry in the extratropical western North Pacific: Impact of continental outflow during the late winter/early spring
    • a
    • Crawford, J., et al., An assessment of ozone photochemistry in the extratropical western North Pacific: Impact of continental outflow during the late winter/early spring, J. Geophys. Res., this issue (a).
    • J. Geophys. Res. , Issue.THIS ISSUE
    • Crawford, J.1
  • 5
    • 84905415563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x levels in the remote tropical Pacific
    • b
    • x levels in the remote tropical Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., this issue (b).
    • J. Geophys. Res. , Issue.THIS ISSUE
    • Crawford, J.1
  • 6
    • 0023159590 scopus 로고
    • Free tropospheric and boundary layer measurements of NO over the central and eastern North Pacific Ocean
    • Davis, D. D., J. D. Bradshaw, M. O. Rodgers, S. T. Sandholm, and S. KeSheng, Free tropospheric and boundary layer measurements of NO over the central and eastern North Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2049-2070, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 2049-2070
    • Davis, D.D.1    Bradshaw, J.D.2    Rodgers, M.O.3    Sandholm, S.T.4    KeSheng, S.5
  • 7
    • 0029731027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of ozone photochemistry in the western North Pacific as inferred from PEM-West A observations during the fall 1991
    • Davis, D. D., et al., An assessment of ozone photochemistry in the western North Pacific as inferred from PEM-West A observations during the fall 1991, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2111-2134, 1996a.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 2111-2134
    • Davis, D.D.1
  • 8
    • 0029777698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential impact of iodine on tropospheric levels of ozone and other critical oxidants
    • Davis, D. D., J. Crawford, S. Liu, S. McKeen, A. Bandy, and D. Thornton, Potential impact of iodine on tropospheric levels of ozone and other critical oxidants, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2135-2147, 1996b.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 2135-2147
    • Davis, D.D.1    Crawford, J.2    Liu, S.3    McKeen, S.4    Bandy, A.5    Thornton, D.6
  • 11
    • 0001616892 scopus 로고
    • Rainout lifetime of highly soluble aerosols and gases as inferred from simulations with a general circulation model
    • Giorgi, F., and W. L. Chameides, Rainout lifetime of highly soluble aerosols and gases as inferred from simulations with a general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 14,367-14,376, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91
    • Giorgi, F.1    Chameides, W.L.2
  • 12
    • 84905419680 scopus 로고
    • Compendium of NASA database for the Global Tropospheric Experiment's Pacific Exploratory Mission West-B (PEM West-B)
    • 110193
    • Gregory, G. L., and A. D. Scott Jr., Compendium of NASA database for the Global Tropospheric Experiment's Pacific Exploratory Mission West-B (PEM West-B), NASA Tech. Memo., 110193, 1995.
    • (1995) NASA Tech. Memo.
    • Gregory, G.L.1    Scott Jr., A.D.2
  • 14
    • 0028570938 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal distribution of tropical biomass burning
    • Hao, W. M., and M. Liu, Spatial and temporal distribution of tropical biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8, 495-503, 1994.
    • (1994) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.8 , pp. 495-503
    • Hao, W.M.1    Liu, M.2
  • 18
    • 9144220518 scopus 로고
    • 3 and CO: Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment 1988
    • 3 and CO: Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment 1988, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10,427-10,447, 1992b.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97
    • Hübler, G.1
  • 19
    • 0029664214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of near-zero ozone concentrations over the convective Pacific: Effects on air chemistry
    • Kley, D., P. J. Crutzen, H. G. J. Smit, H. Vomel, S. J. Oltmans, H. Grassl, and V. Ramanathan, Observations of near-zero ozone concentrations over the convective Pacific: Effects on air chemistry, Science, 274, 230-233, 1996.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 230-233
    • Kley, D.1    Crutzen, P.J.2    Smit, H.G.J.3    Vomel, H.4    Oltmans, S.J.5    Grassl, H.6    Ramanathan, V.7
  • 20
    • 85006679784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 and CO over the Pacific in winter and early spring
    • 3 and CO over the Pacific in winter and early spring, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
    • J. Geophys. Res. , Issue.THIS ISSUE
    • Koike, M.1
  • 21
    • 0343990066 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide and ozone in the free troposphere over the western Pacific Ocean
    • Kondo, Y., T. Kitada, M. Koike, S. Kawakami, and Y. Makino, Nitric oxide and ozone in the free troposphere over the western Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20,527-20,535, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98
    • Kondo, Y.1    Kitada, T.2    Koike, M.3    Kawakami, S.4    Makino, Y.5
  • 23
    • 84905423798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profiles and partitioning of reactive nitrogen over the Pacific Ocean in winter and early spring
    • a
    • Kondo, Y., et al., Profiles and partitioning of reactive nitrogen over the Pacific Ocean in winter and early spring, J. Geophys. Res., this issue (a).
    • J. Geophys. Res. , Issue.THIS ISSUE
    • Kondo, Y.1
  • 25
    • 0000906063 scopus 로고
    • The global distribution of thunderstorm activity observed by the Ionosphere Sounding Satellite (ISS-b)
    • Kotaki, M., and C. Katoh, The global distribution of thunderstorm activity observed by the Ionosphere Sounding Satellite (ISS-b), J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 45, 833-847, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.45 , pp. 833-847
    • Kotaki, M.1    Katoh, C.2
  • 26
    • 0028571987 scopus 로고
    • Effect of lightning on the concentration of odd nitrogen species in the lower stratosphere: An update
    • Kotamarthi, V. R., M. K. W. Ko, D. K. Weisenstein, J. M. Rodriguez, and N. D. Sze, Effect of lightning on the concentration of odd nitrogen species in the lower stratosphere: An update, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8167-8173, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 8167-8173
    • Kotamarthi, V.R.1    Ko, M.K.W.2    Weisenstein, D.K.3    Rodriguez, J.M.4    Sze, N.D.5
  • 27
    • 84905417551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of heterogeneous chemistry on sulfate aerosols in stratospherically influenced air masses sampled during PEM-West B
    • Kotamarthi, V. R., et al., Evidence of heterogeneous chemistry on sulfate aerosols in stratospherically influenced air masses sampled during PEM-West B, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
    • J. Geophys. Res. , Issue.THIS ISSUE
    • Kotamarthi, V.R.1
  • 28
    • 0029473095 scopus 로고
    • Global distribution of nitric oxide produced by lightning and its seasonal variation
    • Kumar, P., G. K. Manohar, and S. S. Kandalgaonkar, Global distribution of nitric oxide produced by lightning and its seasonal variation, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11,203-11,208, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100
    • Kumar, P.1    Manohar, G.K.2    Kandalgaonkar, S.S.3
  • 31
    • 0025589856 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of field, laboratory, and theoretical estimates of global nitrogen fixation by lightning
    • Liaw, Y. P., D. L. Sisterson, and N. L. Miller, Comparison of field, laboratory, and theoretical estimates of global nitrogen fixation by lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 22,489-22,494, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95
    • Liaw, Y.P.1    Sisterson, D.L.2    Miller, N.L.3
  • 33
    • 0020969842 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen oxides in the troposphere: Global and regional budgets
    • Logan, J. A., Nitrogen oxides in the troposphere: Global and regional budgets, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10,785-10,807, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.88
    • Logan, J.A.1
  • 34
    • 0028989185 scopus 로고
    • Vertical column abundances of HCN deduced from ground-based infrared solar spectra: Long-term trend and variability
    • Mahieu, E., C. P. Rinsland, R. Zander, P. Demoulin, L. Delbouille, and G. Roland, Vertical column abundances of HCN deduced from ground-based infrared solar spectra: Long-term trend and variability, J. Atmos. Chem., 20, 299-310, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Chem. , vol.20 , pp. 299-310
    • Mahieu, E.1    Rinsland, C.P.2    Zander, R.3    Demoulin, P.4    Delbouille, L.5    Roland, G.6
  • 35
    • 84905423870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meteorological overview for the Pacific Exploratory Mission-West, Phase B
    • Merrill, J. T., R. E. Newell, and A. S. Bachmeier, A meteorological overview for the Pacific Exploratory Mission-West, Phase B, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
    • J. Geophys. Res. , Issue.THIS ISSUE
    • Merrill, J.T.1    Newell, R.E.2    Bachmeier, A.S.3
  • 37
    • 0029730843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Walker circulation and tropical upper tropospheric water vapor
    • Newell, R. E., Y. Zhu, E. V. Browell, W. G. Read, and J. W. Waters, Walker circulation and tropical upper tropospheric water vapor J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1961-1974, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 1961-1974
    • Newell, R.E.1    Zhu, Y.2    Browell, E.V.3    Read, W.G.4    Waters, J.W.5
  • 38
    • 0027101468 scopus 로고
    • Mixing ratios of carbon monoxide in the troposphere
    • Novelli, P. C., L. P. Steele, and P. P. Tans, Mixing ratios of carbon monoxide in the troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20,731-20,750, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97
    • Novelli, P.C.1    Steele, L.P.2    Tans, P.P.3
  • 39
    • 0028184131 scopus 로고
    • Recent changes in atmospheric carbon monoxide
    • Novelli, P. C., K. A. Masarie, P. P. Tans, and P. M. Lang, Recent changes in atmospheric carbon monoxide, Science, 263, 1587-1590, 1994.
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 1587-1590
    • Novelli, P.C.1    Masarie, K.A.2    Tans, P.P.3    Lang, P.M.4
  • 40
    • 0022825638 scopus 로고
    • Global distribution of midnight lightning: September 1977 to August 1978
    • Orville, R. E., and R. W. Henderson, Global distribution of midnight lightning: September 1977 to August 1978, Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 2640-2653, 1986.
    • (1986) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 2640-2653
    • Orville, R.E.1    Henderson, R.W.2
  • 42
    • 0027101680 scopus 로고
    • A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions
    • Price, C., and D. Rind, A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9919-9933, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 9919-9933
    • Price, C.1    Rind, D.2
  • 43
    • 0023501731 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of nitric oxide in the boundary layer and free troposphere over the Pacific Ocean
    • Ridley, B. A., M. A. Carroll, and G. L. Gregory, Measurements of nitric oxide in the boundary layer and free troposphere over the Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2025-2047, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 2025-2047
    • Ridley, B.A.1    Carroll, M.A.2    Gregory, G.L.3
  • 46
    • 84905418735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent and future improvements in two-photon LIF NO measurement capabilities
    • Sandholm, S., S. Smyth, R. Bai, and J. D. Bradshaw, Recent and future improvements in two-photon LIF NO measurement capabilities, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
    • J. Geophys. Res. , Issue.THIS ISSUE
    • Sandholm, S.1    Smyth, S.2    Bai, R.3    Bradshaw, J.D.4
  • 47
    • 0029731108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low ozone in the marine boundary layer of the tropical Pacific Ocean: Photochemical loss, chlorine atoms, and entrainment
    • Singh, H. B., et al., Low ozone in the marine boundary layer of the tropical Pacific Ocean: Photochemical loss, chlorine atoms, and entrainment, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1907-1918, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 1907-1918
    • Singh, H.B.1
  • 48
    • 0020332093 scopus 로고
    • Global lightning distribution at dawn and dusk
    • Turman, B. N., and B. C. Edgar, Global lightning distribution at dawn and dusk, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 1191-1206, 1982.
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 1191-1206
    • Turman, B.N.1    Edgar, B.C.2
  • 49
    • 0003594271 scopus 로고
    • Rep. 37, Global Ozone Res. and Monit. Proj., Geneva
    • World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1994, Rep. 37, Global Ozone Res. and Monit. Proj., Geneva, 1995.
    • (1995) Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1994
  • 50
    • 0028590781 scopus 로고
    • Deep cumulonimbus cloud systems in the tropics with and without lightning
    • Zisper, E. J., Deep cumulonimbus cloud systems in the tropics with and without lightning, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1837-1851, 1994.
    • (1994) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 1837-1851
    • Zisper, E.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.