Thermodynamic constraints on reflectance reciprocity and kirchhoff’s law

Applied Optics

Volumn 37, Issue 16, 1998, Pages 3464-3470

  Snyder, William C ^a,b   Wan, Zhengming ^a   Li, Xiaowen ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b GDE Systems Inc   (United States)

^c BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000886405     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.37.003464     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. R. Siegel and J. R. Howell, Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 2nd ed. (Hemisphere, Washington, D.C., 1981), pp. 65-66.
2. W. C. Snyder and Z. Wan, “Surface temperature correction for active infrared reflectance measurements of natural materials, ” Appl. Opt. 35, 2216-2220 (1996).
3. W. C. Snyder and Z. Wan, “BRDF models to predict spectral reflectance and emissivity in the thermal infrared, ” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 36, 214-225 (1998).
4. F. Nicodemus, J. Richmond, J. Hsia, I. Ginsberg, and T. Limp-eris, Geometrical Considerations and Nomenclature for Reflectance, NBS Monograph 160 (National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., 1977), pp. 3-6.
5. C. von Fragstein, “Über die Formulierung des Kirchhoffschen Gesetzes und ihre Bedeutung für eine zweckmassige Definition von Remissionszahlen, ” Optik 12, 60-68 (1955).
6. F. Clarke and D. Parry, “Helmholtz reciprocity: its validity and application to reflectometry, ” Ltg. Res. Technol. 17, 1-11 (1985).
7. L. Levi, Applied Optics (Wiley, New York, 1968), p. 84.
8. F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1965), pp. 382-384.
9. A. Shelankov and G. Pikus, “Reciprocity in reflection and transmission of light, ” Phys. Rev. B 46, 3326-3336 (1992).
10. W. C. Snyder, “Reciprocity of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) in measurements and models of structured surfaces, ” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 36, 685-691 (1998).
11. C. von Fragstein, “Ist eine Lichtbewegung stets umkehrbar?” Opt. Acta 2, 16-22 (1955).
12. H. Okayama and I. Ogura, “Experimental verification of nonreciprocal response in light scattering from rough surfaces, ” Appl. Opt. 23, 3349-3352 (1984).
13. W. H. Venable, “Comments on reciprocity failure, ” Appl. Opt. 24, 3943 (1985).
14. M.-J. Kim, “Verification of the reciprocity theorem, ” Appl. Opt. 27, 2645-2646 (1988).
15. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, 5th ed. (Pergamon, New York, 1975), pp. 380-381.
16. A. T. DeHoop, “Reciprocity theorem for the electromagnetic field scattered by an obstacle, ” Appl. Sci. Res. Sec. B 8, 135-140 (1960).
17. F. E. Nicodemus, “Directional reflectance and emissivity of an opaque surface, ” Appl. Opt. 4, 767-773 (1965).
18. F. Nicodemus, Radiometry, Vol. 4 of Applied Optics and Optical Engineering (Academic, New York, 1967), Chap. 8, p. 284.
19. G. Bauer, “Reflexionsmessungen an offenen Hohlraumen, ” Optik 18, 603-622 (1961).
20. K. Frank, Principles of Heat Transfer (Intext, New York, 1973), p. 244.
21. A. Baltes, “On the validity of Kirchhoff’s law of heat radiation for a body in a nonequilibrium environment, ” in Progress in Optics, E. Wolf, ed. (Elsevier, New York, 1976), Vol. 13, pp. 3-25.
22. J. Salisbury, A. Wald, and D. D’Aria, “Thermal-infrared remote sensing and Kirchhoff’s law. 1. Laboratory measurements, ” J. Geophys. Res. 99, 11897-11911 (1994).
23. F. Grum and R. Becherer, “Radiometry, ” in Optical Radiation Measurements, F. Grum, ed. (Academic, New York, 1979), Vol. I, p. 115.
24. A. Springsteen, Labsphere, Inc., North Sutton, N.H. 032600070 (personal communication, 1996).
25. D. S. Kimes, W. W. Newcomb, R. F. Nelson, and J. B. Schutt, “Directional reflectance distributions of a hardwood and pine forest canopy, ” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. GE-24, 281-293 (1986).
26. D. W. Deering, S. P. Ahmad, T. F. Eck, and B. P. Banerjee, “Temporal attributes of the bidirectional reflectance for three Boreal forest canopies, ” Proc. IGARSS’95 1, 1239-1241 (1995).
27. K.-T. Kriebel, “On the limited validity of reciprocity in measured BRDFs, ” Remote Sens. Environ. 58, 52-62 (1996).