The Origin of Belt/Zone Contrasts in the Atmosphere of Jupiter and Their Correlation with 5-μm Opacity

Icarus

Volumn 149, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 397-415

  Irwin, P G J ^a   Weir, A L ^a   Taylor, F W ^a   Calcutt, S B ^a   Carlson, R W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Atmosphere; Clouds; Jupiter

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000451714     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/icar.2000.6542     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Baines, K. H., R. W. Carlson, G. S. Orton, and the Galileo/NIMS team 1996. The vertical and dynamical structure of the Great Red Spot as determined by Galileo/NIMS. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 28, 1136.
2. Banfield, D., P. J. Gierasch, M. Bell, E. Ustinov, A. P. Ingersoll, A. R. Vasavada, R. West, and M. J. S. Belton 1998. Jupiter's cloud structure from Galileo imaging data. Icarus 135, 230-250.
3. Bezard, B., J. P. Baluteau, and A. Marten 1983. Study of the deep cloud structure in the equatorial region of Jupiter from Voyager infrared and visible data. Icarus 54, 434-455.
4. Bjoraker, G. L., G. S. Orton, A. D. Collard, and L. A. Sromovsky 1999. The spatial variation of water and ammonia near Jupiter's Great Red Spot. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 31, 1175.
5. Brooke, T. Y., R. F. Knacke, T. Encrenaz, P. Drossart, D. Crisp, and H. Feuchtgruber 1998. Models of the ISO 3-μm reflection spectrum of Jupiter. Icarus 136, 1-13.
6. Carlson, R. W., W. Smythe, K. Baines, E. Barbinis, K. Becker, R. Burns, S. Calcutt, W. Calvin, R. Clark, G. Danielson, A. Davies, P. Drossart, T. Encrenaz, F. Fanale, J. Granahan, G. Hansen, P. Herrera, C. Hibbitts, J. Hui, P. Irwin, T. Johnson, L. Kamp, H. Kieffer, F. Leader, E. Lellouch, R. Lopes-Gautier, D. Matson, T. McCord, R. Mehlman, A. Ocampo, G. Orton, M. Roos-Serote, M. Segura, J. Shirley, L. Soderblom, A. Stevenson, F. Taylor, J. Torson, A. Weir, and P. Weissman 1996. Near-infrared spectroscopy and spectral mapping of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites: Results from Galileo's initial orbit. Science 274, 385-388.
7. Carlson, R. W., P. R. Weissman, W D. Smythe, J. C. Mahoney, and the NIMS Science and Engineering Teams 1992. Near-infrared mapping spectrometer experiment on Galileo. Space Sci. Rev. 60, 457-502.
8. Conrath, B. J., and P. J. Gierasch 1986. Retrieval of ammonia abundances and cloud opacities on Jupiter from Voyager IRIS spectra. Icarus 67, 444-455.
9. de Pater, I., and S. T. Massie 1985. Models of the millimeter-centimeter spectra of the giant planets. Icarus 62, 143-171.
10. 2S, and assignmenst of absorption bands. Appl. Spectrosc. 34, 525-533.
11. Gierasch, P. J., B. J. Conrath, and J. A. Magalhaes 1986. Zonal mean properties of Jupiter's upper troposphere from Voyager infrared observations. Icarus 67, 456-483.
12. Gierasch, P. J., A. P. Ingersoll, D. Banfield, S. P. Ewald, P. Helfenstein, A. Simon-Miller, A. Vasavada, H. H. Breneman, D. A. Senske, and the Galileo Imaging Team 2000. Observation of moist convection in Jupiter's atmosphere. Nature 403, 628-630.
13. Hale, G. M., and M. R. Querry 1973. Optical constants of water in the 200 nm to 200 μm wavelength region. Appl. Opt. 12, 555-563.
14. Irwin, P. G. J. 1999. Cloud structure and composition of Jupiter's atmosphere. Surveys Geophys. 20, 505-535.
15. -1 from exponential sum fitting to band-modelled spectra. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 26,137-26,154.
16. Irwin, P. G. J., S. B. Calcutt, and F. W. Taylor 1997. Radiative transfer models for Galileo NIMS studies of the atmosphere of Jupiter. Adv. Space Res. 19, 1149-1158.
17. Irwin, P. G. J., A. L. Weir, S. E. Smith, F. W. Taylor, A. L. Lambert, S. B. Calcutt, P. J. Cameron-Smith, R. W. Carlson, K. Baines, G. S. Orton, P. Drossart, T. Encrenaz, and M. Roos-Serote 1998. Cloud structure and atmospheric composition of Jupiter retrieved from Galileo NIMS real-time spectra. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 23,001-23,021.
18. Karkoschka, E. 1994. Spectrophotometry of the jovian planets and Titan at 300-1000 nm wavelength: The methane spectrum. Icarus 111, 174-192.
19. Kou, L., D. Labrie, and P. Chylek 1993. Refractive indices of water and ice in the 0.65 to 2.5 μm spectral range. Appl. Opt. 32, 3531-3540.
20. 2S systems. Icarus 10, 365-378.
21. Lindal, G. F., G. E. Wood, G. S. Levy, J. D. Anderson, D. N. Sweetnam, H. B. Hotz, B. J. Buckles, D. P. Holmes, and P. E. Doms 1981. The atmosphere of Jupiter: An analysis of the Voyager radio occultation measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 8721-8729.
22. Mahaffy, P. R., H. B. Niemann, and J. E. Demick 1999. Deep atmosphere ammonia mixing ratio at Jupiter from the Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 31, 1154.
23. Marten, A., R. Courtin, D. Gautier, and A. Lacombes 1980. Ammonia vertical density profile in the equatorial region of Jupiter from radioelectric and infrared emissivities. Icarus. 41, 410-422.
24. Marten, A., D. Rouan, J. P. Baluteau, D. Gautier, B. J. Conrath, R. Hanel, V. Kunde, R. Samuelson, A. Chedin, and N. Scott 1981. Study of the ammonia ice cloud layer in the equatorial region of Jupiter from the infrared interferometric experiment on Voyager. Icarus 46, 233-248.
25. 3 ice from the far infrared to the near ultraviolet. Appl. Opt. 23, 541-547.
26. Niemann, H. B., S. K. Atreya, G. R. Carignan, T. M. Donahue, J. A. Haberman, D. N. Harpold, R. E. Hartle, D. M. Hunten, W. T. Kasprzak, P. R. Mahaffy, T. C. Owen, and S. H. Way 1998. The composition of the jovian atmosphere as determined by the Galileo probe mass spectrometer. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22,831-22,845.
27. Nixon, C. A., P. G. J. Irwin, S. B. Calcutt, F. W. Taylor, and R. W. Carlson 2000. Atmospheric composition and cloud structure in jovian 5-μm hotspots from analysis of Galileo NIMS measurements. Icarus, in press.
28. Ortiz, J. J., F. Moreno, A. Molina, M. Roos-Serote, and G. S. Orton 1999. Jovian cloud structure from 5-μm images. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 31, 1152.
29. Ragent, B., D. S. Colburn, K. A. Rages, T. C. D. Knight, P. Avrin, G. S. Orton, P. A. Yanamandra-Fisher, and G. W. Grams 1998. The clouds of Jupiter: Results of the Galileo Jupiter mission probe nephelometer experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22,891-22,909.
30. Rodgers, C. D. 1976. Retrieval of atmospheric temperature and composition from remote measurements of thermal radiation. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 14, 609-624.
31. Roos-Serote, M., P. Drossart, T. Encrenaz, R. W. Carlson, and F. Leader 1999. Constraints on the tropospheric cloud structure of Jupiter from spectroscopy in the 5-μm region: A comparison between Voyager/IRIS, Galileo/NIMS, and ISO/SWS spectra. Icarus 137, 315-340.
32. Roos-Serote, M., A. R. Vasavada, L. Kamp, P. Drossart, P. Irwin, C. Nixon, and R. W. Carlson 2000. Proximate humid and dry regions in Jupiter's atmosphere indicate complex local meteorology. Nature 405, 158-160.
33. Seiff, A., D. B. Kirk, T. C. D. Knight, R. E. Young, J. D. Mihalov, L. A. Young, F. S. Milos, G. Schubert, R. C. Blanchard, and D. Atkinson 1996. Thermal structure of Jupiter's atmosphere near the edge if a 5-μm hot spot in the North Equatorial Belt. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22,857-22,889.
34. Simon-Miller, A. A., B. Conrath, P. Gierasch, and R. Beebe 1999, A detection of water ice on Jupiter. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 31, 1174.
35. Simon-Miller, A. A., B. Conrath, P. Gierasch, and R. Beebe 2000, A detection of water ice on Jupiter with voyager IRIS. Icarus 145, 454-461.
36. Smith, P. H., and M. G. Tomasko 1984. Photometry and polarimetry of Jupiter at large phase angles. II. Polarimetry of the South Tropical Zone, South Equatorial Belt, and the polar regions from the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions. Icarus 58, 35-73.
37. Sromosvsky, L. A., A. D. Collard, P. M. Fry, G. S. Orton, M. T. Lemmon, M. G. Tomasko, and R. S. Freedman 1998. Galileo probe measurements of thermal and solar radiation fluxes in the jovian atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22,929-22,977.
38. Tomasko, M. G., R. A. West, and N. D. Castillo 1978. Photometry and polarimetry of Jupiter at large phase angles: I. Analysis of imaging data of a prominent belt and zone from Pioneer 10. Icarus 33, 558-592.
39. Warren, S. G. 1984. Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave. Appl. Opt. 23, 1206-1225.
40. West, R. A., D. F. Strobel, and M. G. Tomasko 1986. Clouds, aerosols, and photochemistry in the jovian atmosphere. Icarus 65, 161-217.