Preparation of Sulfur-Containing Optically Active Secondary Alcohols Based on Pichia farinosa-Catalyzed anti-Prelog-Rule Reduction as the Key Step

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

Volumn 70, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 483-491

  Ohtsuka, Yoshikazu ^a   Katoh, Osamu ^a   Sugai, Takeshi ^a   Ohta, Hiromichi ^a  

^a KEIO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000431467     PISSN: 00092673     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.70.483     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
2. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
3. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
4. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
5. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
6. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
7. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
8. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
9. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
10. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
11. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
12. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
13. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
14. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
15. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
16. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
17. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
18. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
19. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
20. S. Iriuchijima and N. Kojima, Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 451 (1978); R. L. Crumbie, B. S. Deol, J. E. Nemorin, and D. D. Ridley, Aust. J. Chem., 31, 1965 (1978); D. Ghiringhelli, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 287 (1983); T. Fujisawa, T. Itoh, M. Nakai, and T. Sato, Tetrahedron Lett., 26, 771 (1985); R. Tanikaga, K. Hosoya, and A. Kaji, Synthesis, 1987, 570; T. Fujisawa, A. Fujimura, and T. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1273 (1988); T. Sato, K. Hanayama, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 2197 (1988); H. Chikashita, K. Ohkawa, and K. Itoh, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3513 (1989); Y. Noda and M. Kikuchi, Chem. Lett., 1989, 1755; R. Bernardi and D. Ghiringhelli, Synthesis, 1989, 938; T. Takemura, Y. Hosoya, and N. Mori, Can. J. Chem., 68, 523 (1990); T. Fujisawa, K. Yamanaka, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 399 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimidzu, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 7055 (1991); T. Fujisawa, B. I. Mobele, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5567 (1992); K. Takabe, H. Hiyoshi, H. Sawada, M. Tanaka, A. Miyazaki, T. Yamada, T. Katagiri, and H. Yoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 1399 (1992); C. A. M. Afonso, M. T. Barros, L. S. Godinho, and C. D. Maycock, Tetrahedron, 49, 4283 (1993); H. Nakamura, K. Fujimaki, O. Sampei, and A. Murai, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 8481 (1993); H. Matsumae, H. Douno, S. Yamada, T. Nishida, Y. Ozaki, T. Shibatani, and T. Tosa, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 79, 28 (1995); A. Svatos, Z. Hunková, V. Kren, M. Hoskovec, D. Saman, I. Lalterová, J. Vrkoc, and B. Koutek, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1285 (1996); see also a review: T. Sato and T. Fujisawa, Biocatalysis, 3, 1 (1990).
21. C. J. Sih and C. -S. Chen, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 23, 570 (1984); S. Servi, Synthesis, 1990, 1; R. Csuk and B. I. Glänzer, Chem. Rev., 91, 49 (1991); E. Santaniello, P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, and A. Manzocchi, Chem. Rev., 92, 1071 (1992); E. Schoffers, A. Golebiowski, and C. R. Johnson, Tetrahedron, 52, 3769 (1996).
22. C. J. Sih and C. -S. Chen, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 23, 570 (1984); S. Servi, Synthesis, 1990, 1; R. Csuk and B. I. Glänzer, Chem. Rev., 91, 49 (1991); E. Santaniello, P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, and A. Manzocchi, Chem. Rev., 92, 1071 (1992); E. Schoffers, A. Golebiowski, and C. R. Johnson, Tetrahedron, 52, 3769 (1996).
23. C. J. Sih and C. -S. Chen, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 23, 570 (1984); S. Servi, Synthesis, 1990, 1; R. Csuk and B. I. Glänzer, Chem. Rev., 91, 49 (1991); E. Santaniello, P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, and A. Manzocchi, Chem. Rev., 92, 1071 (1992); E. Schoffers, A. Golebiowski, and C. R. Johnson, Tetrahedron, 52, 3769 (1996).
24. C. J. Sih and C. -S. Chen, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 23, 570 (1984); S. Servi, Synthesis, 1990, 1; R. Csuk and B. I. Glänzer, Chem. Rev., 91, 49 (1991); E. Santaniello, P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, and A. Manzocchi, Chem. Rev., 92, 1071 (1992); E. Schoffers, A. Golebiowski, and C. R. Johnson, Tetrahedron, 52, 3769 (1996).
25. C. J. Sih and C. -S. Chen, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 23, 570 (1984); S. Servi, Synthesis, 1990, 1; R. Csuk and B. I. Glänzer, Chem. Rev., 91, 49 (1991); E. Santaniello, P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, and A. Manzocchi, Chem. Rev., 92, 1071 (1992); E. Schoffers, A. Golebiowski, and C. R. Johnson, Tetrahedron, 52, 3769 (1996).
26. H. Liu and T. Cohen, J. Org. Chem., 60, 2023 (1995).
27. A. S. Gopalan and H. K. Jacobs, Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 5575 (1990).
28. S. Robin, F. Huet, A. Fauve, and H. Veschambre, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 239 (1993).
29. B. Wipf, E. Kupfer, R. Bertazzi, and H. G. W. Leuenberger, Helv. Chim. Acta, 66, 485 (1983); G. -J. Shen, Y. -F. Wang, C. W. Bradshaw, and C. -H. Wong, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 677; G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, F. Gardini, and M. E. Guerzoni, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 243 (1991); C. W. Bradshaw, H. Fu, G. -J. Shen, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1526 (1992); C. W. Bradshaw, W. Hummel, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1532 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, and P. Pedrini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 3047 (1995); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, F. Gardini, and R. Lanciotti, Tetrahedron, 52, 3547 (1996).
30. B. Wipf, E. Kupfer, R. Bertazzi, and H. G. W. Leuenberger, Helv. Chim. Acta, 66, 485 (1983); G. -J. Shen, Y. -F. Wang, C. W. Bradshaw, and C. -H. Wong, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 677; G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, F. Gardini, and M. E. Guerzoni, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 243 (1991); C. W. Bradshaw, H. Fu, G. -J. Shen, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1526 (1992); C. W. Bradshaw, W. Hummel, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1532 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, and P. Pedrini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 3047 (1995); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, F. Gardini, and R. Lanciotti, Tetrahedron, 52, 3547 (1996).
31. B. Wipf, E. Kupfer, R. Bertazzi, and H. G. W. Leuenberger, Helv. Chim. Acta, 66, 485 (1983); G. -J. Shen, Y. -F. Wang, C. W. Bradshaw, and C. -H. Wong, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 677; G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, F. Gardini, and M. E. Guerzoni, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 243 (1991); C. W. Bradshaw, H. Fu, G. -J. Shen, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1526 (1992); C. W. Bradshaw, W. Hummel, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1532 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, and P. Pedrini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 3047 (1995); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, F. Gardini, and R. Lanciotti, Tetrahedron, 52, 3547 (1996).
32. B. Wipf, E. Kupfer, R. Bertazzi, and H. G. W. Leuenberger, Helv. Chim. Acta, 66, 485 (1983); G. -J. Shen, Y. -F. Wang, C. W. Bradshaw, and C. -H. Wong, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 677; G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, F. Gardini, and M. E. Guerzoni, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 243 (1991); C. W. Bradshaw, H. Fu, G. -J. Shen, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1526 (1992); C. W. Bradshaw, W. Hummel, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1532 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, and P. Pedrini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 3047 (1995); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, F. Gardini, and R. Lanciotti, Tetrahedron, 52, 3547 (1996).
33. B. Wipf, E. Kupfer, R. Bertazzi, and H. G. W. Leuenberger, Helv. Chim. Acta, 66, 485 (1983); G. -J. Shen, Y. -F. Wang, C. W. Bradshaw, and C. -H. Wong, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 677; G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, F. Gardini, and M. E. Guerzoni, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 243 (1991); C. W. Bradshaw, H. Fu, G. -J. Shen, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1526 (1992); C. W. Bradshaw, W. Hummel, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1532 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, and P. Pedrini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 3047 (1995); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, F. Gardini, and R. Lanciotti, Tetrahedron, 52, 3547 (1996).
34. B. Wipf, E. Kupfer, R. Bertazzi, and H. G. W. Leuenberger, Helv. Chim. Acta, 66, 485 (1983); G. -J. Shen, Y. -F. Wang, C. W. Bradshaw, and C. -H. Wong, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 677; G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, F. Gardini, and M. E. Guerzoni, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 243 (1991); C. W. Bradshaw, H. Fu, G. -J. Shen, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1526 (1992); C. W. Bradshaw, W. Hummel, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1532 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, and P. Pedrini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 3047 (1995); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, F. Gardini, and R. Lanciotti, Tetrahedron, 52, 3547 (1996).
35. B. Wipf, E. Kupfer, R. Bertazzi, and H. G. W. Leuenberger, Helv. Chim. Acta, 66, 485 (1983); G. -J. Shen, Y. -F. Wang, C. W. Bradshaw, and C. -H. Wong, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 677; G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, F. Gardini, and M. E. Guerzoni, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 243 (1991); C. W. Bradshaw, H. Fu, G. -J. Shen, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1526 (1992); C. W. Bradshaw, W. Hummel, and C. -H. Wong, J. Org. Chem., 57, 1532 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, and P. Pedrini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 3047 (1995); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, P. P. Giovannini, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, F. Gardini, and R. Lanciotti, Tetrahedron, 52, 3547 (1996).
36. T. Sugai and H. Ohta, Agric. Biol. Chem., 54, 1577 (1990).
37. N. Mochizuki, H. Yamada, T. Sugai, and H. Ohta, BioMed. Chem., 1, 71 (1993).
38. T. Sugai, O. Katoh, and H. Ohta, Tetrahedron, 51, 11987 (1995).
39. T. Sugai, Y. Ohtsuka, and H. Ohta, Chem. Lett., 1996, 233.
40. H. Ikeda, E. Sato, T. Sugai, and H. Ohta, Tetrahedron, 52, 8113 (1996).
41. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
42. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
43. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
44. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
45. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
46. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
47. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
48. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
49. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
50. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
51. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
52. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
53. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
54. Bakers' yeast-mediated reductive approach: T. Fujisawa, K. Ichikawa, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1237 (1993); T. Fujisawa, T. Sugimoto, and M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1095 (1994); lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution: J. T. Lin, T. Yamazaki, and T. Kitazume, J. Org. Chem., 52, 3211 (1987); K. Laumen and M. P. Schneider, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 598; T. Kitazume, J. T. Lin, and T. Yamazaki, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 235 (1991); M. Shimizu, T. Yokota, K. Fujimori, and T. Fujisawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 835 (1993); K. Murata and T. Kitazume, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 889 (1993); E. Shkolnik and A. L. Gutman, BioMed. Chem., 2, 567 (1994); K. Kato, M. Katayama, R. K. Gautam, S. Fujii, and H. Kimoto, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1353 (1994); J. Gaspar and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 231 (1995); H. Hamada, M. Shiromoto, M. Funahashi, T. Itoh, and K. Nakamura, J. Org. Chem., 61, 2332 (1996); T. Itoh, M. Shiromoto, H. Inoue, H. Hamada, and K. Nakamura, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5001 (1996); reviews: T. Yamazaki and T. Kitazume, Yukigosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 49, 721 (1991); G. Resnati, Tetrahedron, 49, 9385 (1993).
55. T. Yamazaki, M. Asai, T. Ohnogi, J. T. Lin, and T. Kitazume, J. Fluorine Chem., 35, 537 (1987).
56. R. Bernardi, P. Bravo, R. Cardillo, D. Ghiringhelli, and G. Resnati, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans, 1, 1988, 2831 ; R. Bernardi, P. Bravo, R. Cardillo, D. Ghiringhelli, and G. Resnati, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1990, 579; I. Petschen, E. A. Malo, M. P. Bosch, and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 2135 (1996); A. Arnone, G. Biagini, R. Cardillo, G. Resnati, J. -P. Bégué, D. Bonnet-Delpon, and A. Kornilov, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 3903 (1996).
57. R. Bernardi, P. Bravo, R. Cardillo, D. Ghiringhelli, and G. Resnati, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans, 1, 1988, 2831 ; R. Bernardi, P. Bravo, R. Cardillo, D. Ghiringhelli, and G. Resnati, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1990, 579; I. Petschen, E. A. Malo, M. P. Bosch, and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 2135 (1996); A. Arnone, G. Biagini, R. Cardillo, G. Resnati, J. -P. Bégué, D. Bonnet-Delpon, and A. Kornilov, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 3903 (1996).
58. R. Bernardi, P. Bravo, R. Cardillo, D. Ghiringhelli, and G. Resnati, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans, 1, 1988, 2831 ; R. Bernardi, P. Bravo, R. Cardillo, D. Ghiringhelli, and G. Resnati, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1990, 579; I. Petschen, E. A. Malo, M. P. Bosch, and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 2135 (1996); A. Arnone, G. Biagini, R. Cardillo, G. Resnati, J. -P. Bégué, D. Bonnet-Delpon, and A. Kornilov, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 3903 (1996).
59. R. Bernardi, P. Bravo, R. Cardillo, D. Ghiringhelli, and G. Resnati, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans, 1, 1988, 2831 ; R. Bernardi, P. Bravo, R. Cardillo, D. Ghiringhelli, and G. Resnati, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1990, 579; I. Petschen, E. A. Malo, M. P. Bosch, and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 2135 (1996); A. Arnone, G. Biagini, R. Cardillo, G. Resnati, J. -P. Bégué, D. Bonnet-Delpon, and A. Kornilov, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 3903 (1996).
60. M. Shimizu, K. Sugiyama, and T. Fujisawa, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 69, 2655 (1996).
61. K. Nakamura, T. Matsuda, T. Itoh, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 5727 (1996).
62. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and
63. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and J. -F. Biellmann, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 2243 (1995); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, T. Matsuda, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6263 (1995); G. Fantin, F. Fogagnolo, E. Marotta, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and P. Righi, Chem. Lett., 1996, 511; T. Mori, M. Sakimoto, T. Kagi, and T. Sakai. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1191 (1996).
64. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and J. -F. Biellmann, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 2243 (1995); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, T. Matsuda, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6263 (1995); G. Fantin, F. Fogagnolo, E. Marotta, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and P. Righi, Chem. Lett., 1996, 511; T. Mori, M. Sakimoto, T. Kagi, and T. Sakai. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1191 (1996).
65. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and J. -F. Biellmann, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 2243 (1995); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, T. Matsuda, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6263 (1995); G. Fantin, F. Fogagnolo, E. Marotta, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and P. Righi, Chem. Lett., 1996, 511; T. Mori, M. Sakimoto, T. Kagi, and T. Sakai. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1191 (1996).
66. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and J. -F. Biellmann, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 2243 (1995); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, T. Matsuda, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6263 (1995); G. Fantin, F. Fogagnolo, E. Marotta, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and P. Righi, Chem. Lett., 1996, 511; T. Mori, M. Sakimoto, T. Kagi, and T. Sakai. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1191 (1996).
67. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and J. -F. Biellmann, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 2243 (1995); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, T. Matsuda, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6263 (1995); G. Fantin, F. Fogagnolo, E. Marotta, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and P. Righi, Chem. Lett., 1996, 511; T. Mori, M. Sakimoto, T. Kagi, and T. Sakai. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1191 (1996).
68. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and J. -F. Biellmann, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 2243 (1995); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, T. Matsuda, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6263 (1995); G. Fantin, F. Fogagnolo, E. Marotta, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and P. Righi, Chem. Lett., 1996, 511; T. Mori, M. Sakimoto, T. Kagi, and T. Sakai. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1191 (1996).
69. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and J. -F. Biellmann, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 2243 (1995); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, T. Matsuda, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6263 (1995); G. Fantin, F. Fogagnolo, E. Marotta, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and P. Righi, Chem. Lett., 1996, 511; T. Mori, M. Sakimoto, T. Kagi, and T. Sakai. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1191 (1996).
70. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and J. -F. Biellmann, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 2243 (1995); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, T. Matsuda, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6263 (1995); G. Fantin, F. Fogagnolo, E. Marotta, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and P. Righi, Chem. Lett., 1996, 511; T. Mori, M. Sakimoto, T. Kagi, and T. Sakai. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1191 (1996).
71. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and J. -F. Biellmann, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 2243 (1995); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, T. Matsuda, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6263 (1995); G. Fantin, F. Fogagnolo, E. Marotta, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and P. Righi, Chem. Lett., 1996, 511; T. Mori, M. Sakimoto, T. Kagi, and T. Sakai. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1191 (1996).
72. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and J. -F. Biellmann, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 2243 (1995); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, T. Matsuda, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6263 (1995); G. Fantin, F. Fogagnolo, E. Marotta, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and P. Righi, Chem. Lett., 1996, 511; T. Mori, M. Sakimoto, T. Kagi, and T. Sakai. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1191 (1996).
73. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and J. -F. Biellmann, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 2243 (1995); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, T. Matsuda, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6263 (1995); G. Fantin, F. Fogagnolo, E. Marotta, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and P. Righi, Chem. Lett., 1996, 511; T. Mori, M. Sakimoto, T. Kagi, and T. Sakai. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1191 (1996).
74. K. Miyamoto and H. Ohta, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 363 (1992); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and F. Gardini, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 1607 (1993); G. Fantin, M. Fogagnolo, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, S. Poli, and M. Sinigaglia, Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 883 (1993); T. Kometani, Y. Morita, H. Furui, H. Yoshii, and R. Matsuno, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2123; G. Fantin. M. Fogagnolo, M. E. Guerzoni, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and S. Poli, J. Org. Chem., 59, 924 (1994); A. Matsuyama and Y. Kobayashi, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58, 1148 (1994); A. J. Carnell, G. Iacazio, S. M. Roberts, and A. J. Willetts, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 331 (1994); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 4375 (1994); H. Yamamoto, A. Matsuyama, Y. Kobayashi, and N. Kawada, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1769 (1995); S. Dieth, D. Tritsch, and J. -F. Biellmann, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 2243 (1995); K. Nakamura, Y. Inoue, T. Matsuda, and A. Ohno, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 6263 (1995); G. Fantin, F. Fogagnolo, E. Marotta, A. Medici, P. Pedrini, and P. Righi, Chem. Lett., 1996, 511; T. Mori, M. Sakimoto, T. Kagi, and T. Sakai. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1191 (1996).
75. H. Ohta, Y. Kato, and G. Tsuchihashi, Chem. Lett., 1986, 581; H. Ohta, Y. Kato, and G. Tsuchihashi, J. Org. Chem., 52, 2735 (1987).
76. H. Ohta, Y. Kato, and G. Tsuchihashi, Chem. Lett., 1986, 581; H. Ohta, Y. Kato, and G. Tsuchihashi, J. Org. Chem., 52, 2735 (1987).
77. Recently, another example of carbonyl reductase from Rhodococcus has been reported: T. Zelinski and M. -R. Kula, BioMed. Chem., 2, 421 (1994).
78. M. Tsuji, S. Yokoyama, and Y. Tachibaha, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62, 3132 (1989).
79. K. Mori, M. Sakakibara, Y. Ichikawa, H. Ueda, K. Okada, T. Umemura, G. Yabuta, S. Kuwahara, M. Kondo, M. Minobe, and A. Sogabe, Tetrahedron, 38, 2099 (1982); Y. Tachibana, S. Yokoyama, and T. Tejima, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi (J. Chem. Soc. Jpn.), 1994, 345; J. P. Marino, A. de Dios, L. J. Anna, and R. Fernández de la Pradilla, J. Org. Chem., 61, 109 (1996).
80. K. Mori, M. Sakakibara, Y. Ichikawa, H. Ueda, K. Okada, T. Umemura, G. Yabuta, S. Kuwahara, M. Kondo, M. Minobe, and A. Sogabe, Tetrahedron, 38, 2099 (1982); Y. Tachibana, S. Yokoyama, and T. Tejima, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi (J. Chem. Soc. Jpn.), 1994, 345; J. P. Marino, A. de Dios, L. J. Anna, and R. Fernández de la Pradilla, J. Org. Chem., 61, 109 (1996).
81. K. Mori, M. Sakakibara, Y. Ichikawa, H. Ueda, K. Okada, T. Umemura, G. Yabuta, S. Kuwahara, M. Kondo, M. Minobe, and A. Sogabe, Tetrahedron, 38, 2099 (1982); Y. Tachibana, S. Yokoyama, and T. Tejima, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi (J. Chem. Soc. Jpn.), 1994, 345; J. P. Marino, A. de Dios, L. J. Anna, and R. Fernández de la Pradilla, J. Org. Chem., 61, 109 (1996).
82. R. L. Pederson, K. K. -C. Liu, J. F. Rutan, L. Chen, and C. -H. Wong. J. Org. Chem., 55, 4897 (1990); S. -H. Hsu, S. -S. Wu, Y. -F. Wang, and C. -H. Wong, Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 6403 (1990); K. Burgess and L. D. Jennings, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 6129 (1991); R. J. Kazlauskas, A. N. E. Weissffoch, A. T. Rappaport, and L. A. Cuccia, J. Org. Chem., 56, 2656 (1991); Z. -F. Xie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 733 (1991); P. G. Hultin and J. B. Jones, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 1399 (1992); M. Cygler, P. Grochulski, R. J. Kazlauskas, J. D. Schrag, F. Bouthillier, B. Robin, A. N. Serreqi, and A. K. Gupta, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 3180 (1994); K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 1253; K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Murata, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2385 (1995).
83. R. L. Pederson, K. K. -C. Liu, J. F. Rutan, L. Chen, and C. -H. Wong. J. Org. Chem., 55, 4897 (1990); S. -H. Hsu, S. -S. Wu, Y. -F. Wang, and C. -H. Wong, Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 6403 (1990); K. Burgess and L. D. Jennings, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 6129 (1991); R. J. Kazlauskas, A. N. E. Weissffoch, A. T. Rappaport, and L. A. Cuccia, J. Org. Chem., 56, 2656 (1991); Z. -F. Xie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 733 (1991); P. G. Hultin and J. B. Jones, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 1399 (1992); M. Cygler, P. Grochulski, R. J. Kazlauskas, J. D. Schrag, F. Bouthillier, B. Robin, A. N. Serreqi, and A. K. Gupta, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 3180 (1994); K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 1253; K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Murata, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2385 (1995).
84. R. L. Pederson, K. K. -C. Liu, J. F. Rutan, L. Chen, and C. -H. Wong. J. Org. Chem., 55, 4897 (1990); S. -H. Hsu, S. -S. Wu, Y. -F. Wang, and C. -H. Wong, Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 6403 (1990); K. Burgess and L. D. Jennings, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 6129 (1991); R. J. Kazlauskas, A. N. E. Weissffoch, A. T. Rappaport, and L. A. Cuccia, J. Org. Chem., 56, 2656 (1991); Z. -F. Xie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 733 (1991); P. G. Hultin and J. B. Jones, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 1399 (1992); M. Cygler, P. Grochulski, R. J. Kazlauskas, J. D. Schrag, F. Bouthillier, B. Robin, A. N. Serreqi, and A. K. Gupta, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 3180 (1994); K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 1253; K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Murata, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2385 (1995).
85. R. L. Pederson, K. K. -C. Liu, J. F. Rutan, L. Chen, and C. -H. Wong. J. Org. Chem., 55, 4897 (1990); S. -H. Hsu, S. -S. Wu, Y. -F. Wang, and C. -H. Wong, Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 6403 (1990); K. Burgess and L. D. Jennings, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 6129 (1991); R. J. Kazlauskas, A. N. E. Weissffoch, A. T. Rappaport, and L. A. Cuccia, J. Org. Chem., 56, 2656 (1991); Z. -F. Xie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 733 (1991); P. G. Hultin and J. B. Jones, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 1399 (1992); M. Cygler, P. Grochulski, R. J. Kazlauskas, J. D. Schrag, F. Bouthillier, B. Robin, A. N. Serreqi, and A. K. Gupta, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 3180 (1994); K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 1253; K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Murata, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2385 (1995).
86. R. L. Pederson, K. K. -C. Liu, J. F. Rutan, L. Chen, and C. -H. Wong. J. Org. Chem., 55, 4897 (1990); S. -H. Hsu, S. -S. Wu, Y. -F. Wang, and C. -H. Wong, Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 6403 (1990); K. Burgess and L. D. Jennings, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 6129 (1991); R. J. Kazlauskas, A. N. E. Weissffoch, A. T. Rappaport, and L. A. Cuccia, J. Org. Chem., 56, 2656 (1991); Z. -F. Xie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 733 (1991); P. G. Hultin and J. B. Jones, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 1399 (1992); M. Cygler, P. Grochulski, R. J. Kazlauskas, J. D. Schrag, F. Bouthillier, B. Robin, A. N. Serreqi, and A. K. Gupta, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 3180 (1994); K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 1253; K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Murata, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2385 (1995).
87. R. L. Pederson, K. K. -C. Liu, J. F. Rutan, L. Chen, and C. -H. Wong. J. Org. Chem., 55, 4897 (1990); S. -H. Hsu, S. -S. Wu, Y. -F. Wang, and C. -H. Wong, Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 6403 (1990); K. Burgess and L. D. Jennings, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 6129 (1991); R. J. Kazlauskas, A. N. E. Weissffoch, A. T. Rappaport, and L. A. Cuccia, J. Org. Chem., 56, 2656 (1991); Z. -F. Xie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 733 (1991); P. G. Hultin and J. B. Jones, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 1399 (1992); M. Cygler, P. Grochulski, R. J. Kazlauskas, J. D. Schrag, F. Bouthillier, B. Robin, A. N. Serreqi, and A. K. Gupta, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 3180 (1994); K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 1253; K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Murata, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2385 (1995).
88. R. L. Pederson, K. K. -C. Liu, J. F. Rutan, L. Chen, and C. -H. Wong. J. Org. Chem., 55, 4897 (1990); S. -H. Hsu, S. -S. Wu, Y. -F. Wang, and C. -H. Wong, Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 6403 (1990); K. Burgess and L. D. Jennings, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 6129 (1991); R. J. Kazlauskas, A. N. E. Weissffoch, A. T. Rappaport, and L. A. Cuccia, J. Org. Chem., 56, 2656 (1991); Z. -F. Xie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 733 (1991); P. G. Hultin and J. B. Jones, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 1399 (1992); M. Cygler, P. Grochulski, R. J. Kazlauskas, J. D. Schrag, F. Bouthillier, B. Robin, A. N. Serreqi, and A. K. Gupta, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 3180 (1994); K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 1253; K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Murata, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2385 (1995).
89. R. L. Pederson, K. K. -C. Liu, J. F. Rutan, L. Chen, and C. -H. Wong. J. Org. Chem., 55, 4897 (1990); S. -H. Hsu, S. -S. Wu, Y. -F. Wang, and C. -H. Wong, Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 6403 (1990); K. Burgess and L. D. Jennings, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 6129 (1991); R. J. Kazlauskas, A. N. E. Weissffoch, A. T. Rappaport, and L. A. Cuccia, J. Org. Chem., 56, 2656 (1991); Z. -F. Xie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 733 (1991); P. G. Hultin and J. B. Jones, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 1399 (1992); M. Cygler, P. Grochulski, R. J. Kazlauskas, J. D. Schrag, F. Bouthillier, B. Robin, A. N. Serreqi, and A. K. Gupta, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 3180 (1994); K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 1253; K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Murata, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2385 (1995).
90. R. L. Pederson, K. K. -C. Liu, J. F. Rutan, L. Chen, and C. -H. Wong. J. Org. Chem., 55, 4897 (1990); S. -H. Hsu, S. -S. Wu, Y. -F. Wang, and C. -H. Wong, Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 6403 (1990); K. Burgess and L. D. Jennings, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 6129 (1991); R. J. Kazlauskas, A. N. E. Weissffoch, A. T. Rappaport, and L. A. Cuccia, J. Org. Chem., 56, 2656 (1991); Z. -F. Xie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2, 733 (1991); P. G. Hultin and J. B. Jones, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 1399 (1992); M. Cygler, P. Grochulski, R. J. Kazlauskas, J. D. Schrag, F. Bouthillier, B. Robin, A. N. Serreqi, and A. K. Gupta, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 3180 (1994); K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 1253; K. Naemura, R. Fukuda, M. Murata, M. Konishi, K. Hirose, and Y. Tobe, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2385 (1995).
91. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
92. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
93. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
94. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
95. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
96. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
97. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
98. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
99. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
100. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
101. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
102. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
103. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
104. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
105. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
106. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Org. Chem., 55, 6214 (1990); C. -S. Chen and Y. -C. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 56, 1966 (1991); P. Ferraboschi, P. Grisenti, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1159; M. Indlekofer, M. Reuss, S. Barth, and F. Effenberger, Biocatalysis, 7, 249 (1993); S. Barth and F. Effenberger, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 4, 823 (1993); D. Bianchi, E. Battistel, A. Bosetti, P. Cesti, and Z. Fekéte, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 3, 777 (1993); K. Mizuno, S. Sakuda, T. Nihira, and Y. Yamada, Tetrahedron, 50, 10849 (1994); O. Nordin, E. Hedenström, and H. -E. Högberg, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 785 (1994); A. N. E. Weissfloch and R. J. Kazlauskas, J. Org. Chem., 60, 6959 (1995); P. Ferraboschi, S. Casati, A. Manzocchi, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 1521 (1995); R. Chênevert and G. Courchesne, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 6, 2093 (1995); G. -Q. Lin and W. -C. Xu, Tetrahedron, 52, 5907 (1996); M. Majeric and V. Sunjie, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 815 (1996); H. -J. Gais and I. von der Weiden, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1253 (1996); P. Ferraboschi, A. Molatore, E. Verza, and E. Santaniello, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 7, 1551 (1996); L. Domon, F. Vogeleison, and D. Uguen, Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 2773 (1996).
107. C. -S. Chen, Y. Fujimoto, G. Girdaukas, and C. J. Sih, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104, 7294 (1982).
108. Y. Hirose, K. Kariya, I. Sasaki, Y. Kurono, H. Ebiike, and K. Achiwa, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 7157 (1992). For the effect of water-content on the lipase-catalyzed reaction in organic solvent, see a review: L. Kvittingen, Tetrahedron, 50, 8253 (1994).
109. Y. Hirose, K. Kariya, I. Sasaki, Y. Kurono, H. Ebiike, and K. Achiwa, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 7157 (1992). For the effect of water-content on the lipase-catalyzed reaction in organic solvent, see a review: L. Kvittingen, Tetrahedron, 50, 8253 (1994).
110. C. Alcaraz, J. C. Carretero, and E. Domíngez, Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 1385 (1991).
111. H. Ahlbrecht and M. Ibe, Synthesis, 1988, 210.
112. A. Papagni, S. Colonna, S. Juliá, and J. Rocas, Synth. Commun., 15, 891 (1985); J. W. Morzycki, H. K. Schnoes, and H. F. DeLuca. J. Org. Chem., 49, 2148 (1984).
113. A. Papagni, S. Colonna, S. Juliá, and J. Rocas, Synth. Commun., 15, 891 (1985); J. W. Morzycki, H. K. Schnoes, and H. F. DeLuca. J. Org. Chem., 49, 2148 (1984).
114. T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-111393; Chem. Abstr., 119, 137558h; T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-111392; Chem. Abstr., 119, 158388t; T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-117228; Chem. Abstr., 119, 158393r; N. Takagi, M. Ohira, K. Watabe, T. Kojima, and K. Hayakawa, JP 95-115992; O. Miyahara and A. Kaneko, JP 92-74161; Chem. Abstr., 117, 47924d.
115. T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-111393; Chem. Abstr., 119, 137558h; T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-111392; Chem. Abstr., 119, 158388t; T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-117228; Chem. Abstr., 119, 158393r; N. Takagi, M. Ohira, K. Watabe, T. Kojima, and K. Hayakawa, JP 95-115992; O. Miyahara and A. Kaneko, JP 92-74161; Chem. Abstr., 117, 47924d.
116. T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-111393; Chem. Abstr., 119, 137558h; T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-111392; Chem. Abstr., 119, 158388t; T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-117228; Chem. Abstr., 119, 158393r; N. Takagi, M. Ohira, K. Watabe, T. Kojima, and K. Hayakawa, JP 95-115992; O. Miyahara and A. Kaneko, JP 92-74161; Chem. Abstr., 117, 47924d.
117. T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-111393; Chem. Abstr., 119, 137558h; T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-111392; Chem. Abstr., 119, 158388t; T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-117228; Chem. Abstr., 119, 158393r; N. Takagi, M. Ohira, K. Watabe, T. Kojima, and K. Hayakawa, JP 95-115992; O. Miyahara and A. Kaneko, JP 92-74161; Chem. Abstr., 117, 47924d.
118. T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-111393; Chem. Abstr., 119, 137558h; T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-111392; Chem. Abstr., 119, 158388t; T. Kojima, T. Ishikawa, and T. Ando, JP 93-117228; Chem. Abstr., 119, 158393r; N. Takagi, M. Ohira, K. Watabe, T. Kojima, and K. Hayakawa, JP 95-115992; O. Miyahara and A. Kaneko, JP 92-74161; Chem. Abstr., 117, 47924d.
119. K. Tanaka, H. Uneme, S. Matsui, and A. Kaji, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 55, 2965 (1982).
120. H. C. Brown, C. P. Garg, and K. -T. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 36, 387 (1971).