Selenodeiodinases and their role in thyroid hormone activation and inactivation

Current Opinion in Endocrinology and Diabetes

Volumn 4, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 333-340

  Hernández, Arturo ^a   St Germain, Donald L ^a  

^a DARTMOUTH MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000116701     PISSN: 10683097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00060793-199710000-00004     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Engler D, Burger AG: The deiodination of the iodothyronines and their derivatives in man. Endocr Rev 1984, 5:151-184.
2. St. Germain DL: Iodothyronine deiodinases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1994, 5:36-42.
3. Toyoda N, Kaptein E, Berry M, Harney JW, Larsen PR, Visser TJ: Structure-activity relationships for thyroid hormone deiodinases by mammalian type I iodothyronine deiodinases. Endocrinology 1997, 138:213-219. By constructing chimeric D1 proteins from different species, the authors identify several amino acids involved in dictating substrate specificity for D1.
4. St. Germain DL, Galton VA: The deiodinase family of selenoproteins. Thyroid 1997, in press.
5. Berry MJ, Maia AL, Kieffer JD, Harney JW, Larsen PR: Substitution of cysteine for selenocysteine in type I iodothyronine deiodinase reduces the catalytic efficiency of the protein but enhances its translation. Endocrinology 1992, 131:1848-1852.
6. St. Germain DL, Schwartzman R, Croteau W, Kanamori A, Wang Z, Brown DD, Galton VA: A thyroid hormone regulated gene in Xenopus laevis encodes a type III iodothyronine 5-deiodinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994, 91:7767-7771. [Correction in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:11282,1994.]
7. Davey JC, Becker KB, Schneider MJ, St Germain DL, Galton VA: Cloning of a cDNA for the type II iodothyronine deiodinase. J Biol Chem 1995, 270:26786-26789. This report describes the isolation of the first cDNA for the D2 selenodeiodinase, as the patterns of expression during amphibian metamorphosis.
8. Arthur JR, Bermano G, Mitchell JH, Hesketh JE: Regulation of selenoprotein gene expression and thyroid hormone metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 1996, 24:384-388.
9. Kaptein EM: Thyroid hormone metabolism and thyroid diseases in chronic renal failure. Endocr Rev 1996, 17:45-63.
10. McNabb FM: Thyroid hormones, their activation, degradation and effects on metabolism. J Nutr 1995, 125(suppl):1773S-1776S.
11. Kohrle J: Thyroid hormone deiodinases: a selenoenzyme family acting as gate keepers to thyroid hormone action. Acta Med Austriaca 1996, 23:17-30.
12. Visser TJ: Pathways of thyroid hormone metabolism. Acta Med Austriaca 1996, 23:10-16.
13. Valverde-RC, Croteau W, LaFleur GL Jr, Orozco A, St. Germain DL: Cloning and expression of a 5′ -iodothyronine deiodinase from the liver of Fundulus heteroclitus. Endocrinology 1997, 138:642-648.
14. Croteau W, Davey JC, Galton VA, St Germain DL: Cloning of the mammalian type II iodothyronine deiodinase: a selenoprotein differentially expressed and regulated in the human brain and other tissues. J Clin Invest 1996, 98:405-417. This report describes the molecular cloning and characterization of the cDNAs for the rat and human D2 selenodeiodinases. High structural and functional homology to the previously cloned amphibian D2 is demonstrated, as well as the expression of the D2 mRNA in human brain, placenta, skeletal muscle, and heart.
15. 75Se into the expressed protein. Evidence is also presented that both D2 mRNA and activity are present in human skeletal muscle, which could provide the largest pool of D2 activity.
16. Berry M: Identification of essential histidine residues in rat type I iodothyronine deiodinase. J Biol Chem 1992, 267:18055-18059.
17. Salvatore D, Tu H, Harney JW, Larsen PR: Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is highly expressed in human thyroid. J Clin Invest 1996, 98:962-968. Shows the unexpected presence of high levels of D2 mRNA and activity in human thyroid glands. In addition, expression is markedly stimulated in glands from patients with Graves' disease. Although the significance of this finding remains uncertain, this information will likely lead to a reconsideration of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion from this organ.
18. Stadtman TC: Biosynthesis and function of selenocysteine-containing enzymes. J Biol Chem 1991, 266:16257-16260.
19. Low SC, Harney JW, Berry MJ: Cloning and functional characterization of human selenophosphate synthetase, an essential component of selenoprotein synthesis. J Biol Chem 1995, 270:21659-21664. Describes the cloning and characterization of the eukaryotic SEL-D and its functional similarities to the bacterial homologue.