Differences in body mass and oral morphology between the sexes in the artiodactyla: Evolutionary relationships with sexual segregation

Evolutionary Ecology Research

Volumn 2, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 667-684

  Pérez Barbería, F Javier ^a,b   Gordon, Iain J ^a  

^a SCOTTISH CROP RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^b Inst Recurs Nat y Ordenacion T   (Spain)

Author keywords

Allometry; Body mass; Comminution; Comparative method; Food selection; Intake

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000025617     PISSN: 15220613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Abouheif, E. and Fairbairn, D.J. 1997. A comparative analysis of allometry for sexual size dimorphism: Assessing Rensch's rule. Am. Nat., 149: 540-562.
2. Astley-Maberly, C.T. 1960. Animals of East Africa. Capetown: D.A. Hawkins.
3. Barrette, C. 1982. The comparative behaviour and ecology of chevrotains, musk deer, and morphologically conservative deer. In Biology and Management of the Cervidae (C.M. Wemmer, ed.), pp. 402-435. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
4. Bartosiewicz, L. 1987. Sexual dimorphism in the cranial development of Scandinavian moose (Alces alces L. alces). Can. J. Zool., 65: 747-750.
5. Behrendt, G. 1960. Estudio sobre la creacion de formas de Odocoileus virginianus, peruvianus. Lima, Peru: Ministerio de Agricultura.
6. Bell, R.H.V. 1969. The use of the herbaceous layer by grazing ungulates in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. PhD thesis, University of Manchester.
7. Bleich, V.C., Bowyer, R.T. and Wehausen, J.D. 1997. Sexual segregation in mountain sheep: Resources or predation? Wildlife Monogr., 134: 1-50.
8. Bon, R. and Campan, R. 1996. Unexplained sexual segregation in polygamous ungulates - a defense of an ontogenic approach. Behav. Process., 38: 131-154.
9. Bourliere, F. and Verschuren, J. 1960. Introduction a l'ecologie des Ongules du Parc National Albert. Saskatchewan, Canada: Parc National Albert.
10. Bunnell, F.L. and Olsen, N.A. 1976. Weights and growth of Dall sheep in Kluane Park Reserve, Yukon Territory. Can. Field Nat., 90: 157-162.
11. Clutton-Brock, T.H. 1991. The Evolution of Parental Care. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
12. Clutton-Brock, T.H. and Harvey, P.H. 1983. The functional significance of variation in body size among mammals. Spec Publ. Am. Soc. Mammalogists, 7: 633-663.
13. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1986. A World List of Mammalian Species. London: British Museum (Natural History).
14. Díaz-Uriarte, R. and Garland, T. 1996. Testing hypotheses of correlated evolution using phylogenetically independent contrasts - sensitivity to deviations from Brownian-motion. Syst. Biol., 45: 27-47.
15. Essop, M.F., Harley, E.H. and Baumgarten, I. 1997. A molecular phylogeny of some bovidae based on restriction-site mapping of mitochondrial DNA. J. Mammal., 78: 377-386.
16. Felsenstein, J. 1985. Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am. Nat., 125: 1-15.
17. Fernández-Baca, S. 1991. Capitulo I. In Avances y perspectivas del conocimiento de los camelidos sudamericanos (S. Fernandez-Baca, ed.), pp. 12-48. Santiago, Chile: Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para la agriculture y la alimentacion, Oficina Regional de la FAO para America Latina y el Caribe.
18. Fortelius, M. 1985. Ungulate cheek teeth: Developmental, functional and evolutionary interrelations. Acta Zool. Fenn., 180: 1-76.
19. Garland, T. and Janis, C.M. 1993. Does metatarsal femur ratio predict maximal running speed in cursorial mammals? J. Zool., 229: 133-151.
20. Garland, T., Harvey, P.H. and Ives, A.R. 1992. Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Syst. Biol., 41: 18-32.
21. Garland, T., Dickerman, A.W., Janis, C.M. and Jones, J.A. 1993. Phylogenetic analysis of covariance by computer-simulation. Syst. Biol., 42: 265-292.
22. Geffen, E., Gompper, M.E., Gittleman, J.L., Luh, H.K., Macdonald, D.W. and Wayne, R.K. 1996. Size, life-history traits, and social-organization in the Canidae: A reevaluation. Am. Nat., 147: 140-160.
23. Geist, V. and Bayer, M. 1988. Sexual dimorphism in the Cervidae and its relation to habitat. J. Zool., 214: 45-53.
24. Gentry, A.W. 1992. The subfamilies and tribes of the family Bovidae. Mammal Rev., 22: 1-32.
25. Gentry, A.W. and Hooker, J.J. 1988. The phylogeny of the Artiodactyla. In The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Vol. 2: Mammals (M.J. Benton, ed.), pp. 235-272. Systematics Association Special Vol. 35B. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
26. Goldspink, C.R. 1981. A note on the mandible length of red deer, Cervus elaphus, from Lyme Park, England. J. Zool., 195: 289-294.
27. Gordon, I.J. and Illius, A.W. 1988. Incisor arcade structure and diet selection in ruminants. Funct. Ecol., 2: 15-22.
28. Grafen, A. 1989. The phylogenetic regression. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 326: 119-157.
29. Gross, J.E. 1998. Sexual segregation in ungulates: A comment. J. Mammal., 79: 1404-1409.
30. Gross, J.E., Demment, M.W., Alkon, P.U. and Kotzman, M. 1995. Feeding and chewing behaviours of Nubian ibex: Compensation for sex-related differences in body size. Funct. Ecol., 9: 385-393.
31. Hall-Martin, A.J. 1977. Giraffe weight estimation using dissected leg weight and body measurements. J. Wildlife Manage., 41: 740-745.
32. Hamilton, W.J. and Whitaker, J.O. 1979. Mammals of the Eastern United States. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
33. Harvey, P.H. and Pagel, M.D. 1991. The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
34. Harvey, P.H. and Rambaut, A. in press. Comparative analyses for adaptive radiation. Phil. Trans. R. Soc.
35. Hershkovitz, P. 1982. Neotropical deer (Cervidae): Part I. Pudus, genus Pudu Gray. Fieldiana Zool., 11: 1-86.
36. Hofmann, R.K., Kai-Chr, O. and Ponce, C.F. 1983. El manejo de la vicuña silvestre. Tomo I. Santiago, Chile: Sociedad Alemana de Cooperación Técnica.
37. Illius, A.W. and Gordon, I.J. 1987. The allometry of food-intake in grazing ruminants. J. Anim. Ecol., 56: 989-999.
38. Illius, A.W. and Gordon, I.J. 1990. Variation in foraging behavior in red deer and the consequences for population demography. J. Anim. Ecol., 59: 89-101.
39. Janis, C.M. and Ehrhardt, D. 1988. Correlation of relative muzzle width and relative incisor width with dietary preference in ungulates. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 92: 267-284.
40. Janis, C.M. and Scott, K.M. 1987. The interrelations of higher ruminant families with special emphasis on the members of the Cervoidea. Am. Mus. Novitates, 2893: 1-85.
41. Janis, C.M. and Scott, K.M. 1988. The phylogeny of the Ruminantia (Artiodactyla, Mammalia). In The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Vol. 2: Mammals (M.J. Benton, ed.), pp. 273-282. Systematics Association Special Vol. 35B. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
42. Kay, R.F. 1978. Molar structure and diet in extant Cercopithecidae. In Development, Function and Evolution of Teeth (P.M. Butler and K.A. Joysey, eds), pp. 309-339. London: Academic Press.
43. Kingdon, J. 1982. East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Vol. IIIC: Bovids. London: Academic Press.
44. Kingdon, J. 1997. The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
45. Kingswood, S.C. and Blank, D.A. 1996. Gazella subgutturosa. Mammalian Species, 518: 1-10.
46. Kingswood, S.C. and Kumamoto, A.T. 1996. Madoqua guentheri. Mammalian Species, 539: 1-10.
47. Kingswood, S.C. and Kumamoto A.T. 1997. Madoqua kirkii. Mammalian Species, 569: 1-10.
48. LaBarbera, M. 1989. Analyzing body size as a factor in ecology and evolution. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 20:97-117.
49. Lamprey, H.F. 1964. Estimation of the large mammal densities, biomass and energy exchange in the Tarangire game reserve and the Masai steppe in Tanganyika. East Afr. Wildlife J., 2: 1-47.
50. Ledger, H.P. 1964. Weights of some East African mammals 2. East Afr. Wildlife J., 2: 159.
51. Ledger, H.P. 1968. Body composition as a basis for a comparative study of some East African mammals. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond., 21: 289-310.
52. Loison, A., Gaillard, J.-M., Pelabon, C. and Yoccoz, N.G. 1999. What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates? Evol. Ecol. Res., 1: 611-633.
53. MacDonald, D. 1984. The Encyclopedia of Mammals, Vol. 2. London: Guild Publishing.
54. Main, M.B. 1998. Sexual segregation in ungulates: A reply. J. Mammal., 79: 1410-1415.
55. Main, M.B., Weckerly, F.W. and Bleich, V.C. 1996. Sexual segregation in ungulates: New directions for research. J. Mammal., 77: 449-461.
56. McArdle, B.H. 1988. The structural relationship: Regression in biology. Can. J. Zool., 66: 2329-2339.
57. Meinertzhagen, R. 1938. Some weights and measurements of large mammals. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. A, 108: 433-439.
58. Meinertzhagen, R. 1957. Kenya Diary (1902-1906). Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd.
59. Miquelle, D.G., Peek, J.M. and Vanballenberghe, V. 1992. Sexual segregation in Alaskan moose. Wildlife Monogr., 122: 1-57.
60. Mitchell, B., McCowan, D. and Nicholson, I.A. 1976. Annual cycles of body weight and condition in Scottish red deer, Cervus elaphus. J. Zool., 180: 107-127.
61. Norušis, M. 1990. SPSS/PC + 4.0 for the IBM PC/XT/AT and PS/2. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.
62. Novak, R.M. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
63. Odendaal, P.B. 1977. Some aspects of the ecology of bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas 1776) in the southern Cape. MSc thesis, University of Stellenbosch.
64. O'Gara, B.W. 1970. Derivation of whole weights for the pronghorn. J. Wildlife Manage., 34: 470-472.
65. Owen-Smith, R.N. 1988. Megaherbivores: The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
66. Pan, K.A. 1991. Biological studies of Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in Peninsula Malaysia. MSc thesis, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
67. Pérez-Barbería, F.J. and Gordon, I.J. 1998a. The influence of sexual dimorphism in body size and mouth morphology on diet selection and sexual segregation in cervids. Acta Vet. Hung., 46: 357-367.
68. Pérez-Barbería, F.J. and Gordon, I.J. 1998b. Factors affecting food comminution during mastication in herbivorous mammals: A review. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 63: 233-256.
69. Pérez-Barbería, F.J. and Gordon, I.J. 1998c. The influence of molar occlusal surface area on the voluntary intake, digestion, chewing behaviour and diet selection in red deer (Cervus elaphus). J. Zool., 245: 307-316.
70. Pérez-Barbería, F.J. and Gordon, I.J. 1999a. The functional relationship between feeding type and jaw and cranial morphology in ungulates. Oecologia, 118: 157-165.
71. Pérez-Barbería, F.J. and Gordon, I.J. 1999b. The relative roles of phylogeny, body size and feeding type on activity time of temperate ruminants: A reanalysis. Oecologia, 120: 193-197.
72. Pérez-Barbería, F.J. and Gordon, I.J. 1999c. Body size dimorphism and sexual segregation in polygynous ungulates: An experimental test with Soay sheep. Oecologia, 120: 258-267.
73. Peters, R.H. 1983. The Ecological Implications of Body Size. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
74. Petersen, J.C. and Casebeer, R.L. 1971. A bibliography relating to the ecology and energetics of East African large mammals. East Afr. Wildlife J., 9: 1-23.
75. Phillips, W.W.A. 1980. Manual of the Mammals of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka.
76. Pucek, Z. 1986. Bison bonasus (Linnaeus 1758): Wisent. In Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas Band 2/II (Paarhaufer) (J. Niethammer and F. Krapp, eds), pp. 278-325. Wiesbaden: AULA-Verlag.
77. Purvis, A. and Garland, T. 1993. Polytomies in comparative analyses of continuous characters. Syst. Biol., 42: 569-575.
78. Rayner, J.M.V. 1985. Linear relations in biomechanics: The statistics of scaling functions. J. Zool., 206: 415-439.
79. Schaller, G.B. 1967. The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
80. Schaller, G.B. 1977. Mountain Monarchs: Wild Sheep and Goats of the Himalaya. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
81. Schaller, G.B. and Junrang, R. 1988. Effects of a snowstorm on Tibetan antelope. J. Mammal., 69: 631-634.
82. Schwartz, C.C., Regelin, W.L. and Franzmann, A.W. 1987. Seasonal weight dynamics of moose. Swed. Wildlife Res., 1 (suppl): 301-310.
83. Seip, D.R. and Bunnell, F.L. 1984. Body weights and measurements of Stones sheep. J. Mammal., 65: 513-514.
84. Sempere, A.J., Sokolov, V.E. and Danilkin, A.A. 1996. Capreolus capreolus. Mammalian Species, 538: 1-9.
85. Sheng, H. and Hogee, L. 1980. Current studies on the rare Chinese black muntjac. J. Nat. Hist., 14: 803-807.
86. Shine, R. 1989. Ecological causes for the evolution of sexual dimorphism: A review of the evidence. Q. Rev. Biol., 64: 419-461.
87. Shipley, L.A., Gross, J.E., Spalinger, D.E., Hobbs, N.T. and Wunder, B.A. 1994. The scaling of intake rate in mammalian herbivores. Am. Nat., 143: 1055-1082.
88. Silva, M. and Downing, J.A. 1995. Handbook of Mammalian Body Masses. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
89. Smithers, R.H.N. 1983. The Mammals of the Southern African Region. Pretoria: University of Pretoria.
90. Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. 1995. Biometry. New York: W.H. Freeman.
91. Sokolov, V.E. and Lushchekina, A.A. 1997. Procapra gutturosa. Mammalian Species, 571: 1-5.
92. Spinage, C.A. 1982. A Territorial Antelope, the Uganda Waterbuck. London: Academic Press.
93. Staines, B.W. 1980. The Red Deer. Poole: Blandford Press.
94. Talbot, L.M. and Talbot, M.H. 1961. How much does it weigh? Wild Life, Nairobi, 3: 47-48.
95. Weckerly, F.W. 1998. Sexual-size dimorphism: Influence of mass and mating systems in the most dimorphic mammals. J. Mammal., 79: 33-52.
96. Weckerly, F.W. and Nelson, J.P. 1990. Age and sex-differences of white-tailed deer, diet composition, quality, and calcium. J. Wildlife Manage., 54: 532-538.
97. Wiens, J.J. 1999. Phylogenetic evidence for multiple losses of a sexually selected character in phrynosomatid lizards. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 266: 1529-1535.