메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 147, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 140-160

Size, life-history traits, and social organization in the Canidae: A reevaluation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTRICIAL YOUNG; BODY SIZE; LITTER SIZE; MATERNAL INVESTMENT; SOCIAL ORGANIZATION;

EID: 0029667659     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/285844     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (124)

References (128)
  • 2
    • 0026005396 scopus 로고
    • The effect of winter food on reproduction in the Arctic fox, Alopex lagopus: A field experiment
    • Angerbjörn, A., B. Arvidson, E. Norén, and L. Strömgren. 1991. The effect of winter food on reproduction in the Arctic fox, Alopex lagopus: a field experiment. Journal of Animal Ecology 60:705-714.
    • (1991) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.60 , pp. 705-714
    • Angerbjörn, A.1    Arvidson, B.2    Norén, E.3    Strömgren, L.4
  • 5
    • 0000448815 scopus 로고
    • Physical development in coyotes (Canis latrans), with a comparison to other canids
    • Bekoff, M., and R. Jamieson. 1975. Physical development in coyotes (Canis latrans), with a comparison to other canids. Journal of Mammalogy 56:685-692.
    • (1975) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.56 , pp. 685-692
    • Bekoff, M.1    Jamieson, R.2
  • 6
    • 0001232380 scopus 로고
    • Life history patterns and sociality in canids: Body size, reproduction and behavior
    • Berlin
    • Bekoff, M., J. Diamond, and J. B. Mitton. 1981. Life history patterns and sociality in canids: body size, reproduction and behavior. Oecologia (Berlin) 50:386-390.
    • (1981) Oecologia , vol.50 , pp. 386-390
    • Bekoff, M.1    Diamond, J.2    Mitton, J.B.3
  • 8
    • 0001041730 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota
    • M. Bekoff, ed. Academic Press, New York
    • Berg, W. F., and R. A. Chesness. 1978. Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota. Pages 229-247 in M. Bekoff, ed. Coyote: biology, behavior, and management. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1978) Coyote: Biology, Behavior, and Management , pp. 229-247
    • Berg, W.F.1    Chesness, R.A.2
  • 10
    • 0023518196 scopus 로고
    • Origin, diversification, and zoogeography of South American Canidae
    • Berta, A. 1987. Origin, diversification, and zoogeography of South American Canidae. Fieldiana: Zoology 39:455-471.
    • (1987) Fieldiana: Zoology , vol.39 , pp. 455-471
    • Berta, A.1
  • 12
    • 0025206618 scopus 로고
    • Food supplementation experiments with terrestrial vertebrates: Patterns, problems, and the future
    • Boutin, S. 1990. Food supplementation experiments with terrestrial vertebrates: patterns, problems, and the future. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:203-220.
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.68 , pp. 203-220
    • Boutin, S.1
  • 13
    • 84985108853 scopus 로고
    • Reproduction, growth and parental care in crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) at the National Zoological Park, Washington
    • Brady, C. A. 1978. Reproduction, growth and parental care in crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) at the National Zoological Park, Washington. International Zoo Yearbook 18:130-134.
    • (1978) International Zoo Yearbook , vol.18 , pp. 130-134
    • Brady, C.A.1
  • 14
    • 84987486150 scopus 로고
    • Management and breeding of maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) at the National Zoological Park, Washington
    • Brady, C. A., and M. K. Ditton. 1979. Management and breeding of maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) at the National Zoological Park, Washington. International Zoo Yearbook 19: 171-176.
    • (1979) International Zoo Yearbook , vol.19 , pp. 171-176
    • Brady, C.A.1    Ditton, M.K.2
  • 15
    • 84984081789 scopus 로고
    • Records of the mammals bred in the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa during the period 1908-1960
    • Brand, D. J. 1963. Records of the mammals bred in the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa during the period 1908-1960. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 140:617-659.
    • (1963) Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , vol.140 , pp. 617-659
    • Brand, D.J.1
  • 16
    • 0022822965 scopus 로고
    • The sociality of solitary foragers: A model based on resource dispersion
    • Carr, G. M., and D. W. Macdonald. 1986. The sociality of solitary foragers: a model based on resource dispersion. Animal Behaviour 35:1540-1549.
    • (1986) Animal Behaviour , vol.35 , pp. 1540-1549
    • Carr, G.M.1    Macdonald, D.W.2
  • 19
    • 0002517409 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) in North America - A review
    • M. W. Fox, ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
    • Chesemore, D. L. 1975. Ecology of the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) in North America - a review. Pages 143-163 in M. W. Fox, ed. The wild canids: their systematics, behavioral ecology and evolution. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
    • (1975) The Wild Canids: Their Systematics, Behavioral Ecology and Evolution , pp. 143-163
    • Chesemore, D.L.1
  • 20
    • 0022210656 scopus 로고
    • The quantitative assessment of phylogenetic constraints in comparative analyses: Sexual dimorphism in body weights among primates
    • Cheverud, J. M., M. Dow, and W. Leutenegger. 1985. The quantitative assessment of phylogenetic constraints in comparative analyses: sexual dimorphism in body weights among primates. Evolution 39:1335-1351.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 1335-1351
    • Cheverud, J.M.1    Dow, M.2    Leutenegger, W.3
  • 21
    • 0039593921 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the percentage points of a spatial autocorrelation coefficient
    • Cliff, A. D., and J. K. Ord. 1971. Evaluating the percentage points of a spatial autocorrelation coefficient. Geographical Analysis 3:51-62.
    • (1971) Geographical Analysis , vol.3 , pp. 51-62
    • Cliff, A.D.1    Ord, J.K.2
  • 24
    • 3242863449 scopus 로고
    • Hand-raising bush dogs, Speothos venaticus, at the Los Angeles Zoo
    • Collier, C., and S. Emmerson. 1973. Hand-raising bush dogs, Speothos venaticus, at the Los Angeles Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 13:139-140.
    • (1973) International Zoo Yearbook , vol.13 , pp. 139-140
    • Collier, C.1    Emmerson, S.2
  • 26
    • 0005220419 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of the pampas gray fox and the large fox (culpeo)
    • M. W. Fox, ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
    • _. 1975. Ecology of the pampas gray fox and the large fox (culpeo). Pages 179-191 in M. W. Fox, ed. The wild canids: their systematics, behavioral ecology and evolution. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
    • (1975) The Wild Canids: Their Systematics, Behavioral Ecology and Evolution , pp. 179-191
  • 27
  • 28
    • 0024903775 scopus 로고
    • Ecological character displacement in Saharo-Arabian Vulpes: Outfoxing Bergmann's rule
    • Dayan, T., E. Tchernov, Y. Yom-Tov, and D. Simberloff. 1989. Ecological character displacement in Saharo-Arabian Vulpes: outfoxing Bergmann's rule. Oikos 55:263-272.
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.55 , pp. 263-272
    • Dayan, T.1    Tchernov, E.2    Yom-Tov, Y.3    Simberloff, D.4
  • 29
    • 3242820340 scopus 로고
    • Breeding the Cape hunting dog at Amsterdam Zoo
    • Dekker, D. 1968. Breeding the Cape hunting dog at Amsterdam Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 8:27-30.
    • (1968) International Zoo Yearbook , vol.8 , pp. 27-30
    • Dekker, D.1
  • 30
    • 0039834639 scopus 로고
    • Chrysocyon brachyurus
    • Dietz, J. M. 1985. Chrysocyon brachyurus. Mammalian Species 234:1-4.
    • (1985) Mammalian Species , vol.234 , pp. 1-4
    • Dietz, J.M.1
  • 32
    • 0001379417 scopus 로고
    • Ecology and life history of the kit fox in Tooele County, Utah
    • Egoscue, H. J. 1962. Ecology and life history of the kit fox in Tooele County, Utah. Ecology 43: 481-497.
    • (1962) Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 481-497
    • Egoscue, H.J.1
  • 33
    • 0027384840 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the hunting success of an African wild dog pack
    • Fanshawe, J. H., and C. D. FitzGibbon. 1993. Factors influencing the hunting success of an African wild dog pack. Animal Behaviour 45:479-490.
    • (1993) Animal Behaviour , vol.45 , pp. 479-490
    • Fanshawe, J.H.1    FitzGibbon, C.D.2
  • 34
    • 0022203256 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenies and the comparative method
    • Felsenstein, J. 1985. Phylogenies and the comparative method. American Naturalist 125:1-15.
    • (1985) American Naturalist , vol.125 , pp. 1-15
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 37
    • 0001217439 scopus 로고
    • Female African wild dogs emigrate
    • Frame, L. H., and G. W. Frame. 1976. Female African wild dogs emigrate. Nature (London) 263: 227-229.
    • (1976) Nature (London) , vol.263 , pp. 227-229
    • Frame, L.H.1    Frame, G.W.2
  • 38
    • 85005717772 scopus 로고
    • Social organization of the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) on the Serengeti Plains, Tanzania 1967-1978
    • Frame, L. H., J. R. Malcolm, G. W. Frame, and H. von Luwick. 1979. Social organization of the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) on the Serengeti Plains, Tanzania 1967-1978. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 50:225-249.
    • (1979) Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie , vol.50 , pp. 225-249
    • Frame, L.H.1    Malcolm, J.R.2    Frame, G.W.3    Von Luwick, H.4
  • 39
    • 0001964294 scopus 로고
    • Gray fox and Island gray fox
    • M. Novak, J. A. Baker, M. E. Obbard, and B. Malloch, eds. Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario
    • Fritzell, E. K. 1987. Gray fox and Island gray fox. Pages 409-420 in M. Novak, J. A. Baker, M. E. Obbard, and B. Malloch, eds. Wild furbearer management and conservation in North America. Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario.
    • (1987) Wild Furbearer Management and Conservation in North America , pp. 409-420
    • Fritzell, E.K.1
  • 41
    • 0002228630 scopus 로고
    • Latitudinal size variation of Chilean foxes: Tests of alternative hypotheses
    • Fuentes, E. R., and F. M. Jaksic̀. 1979. Latitudinal size variation of Chilean foxes: tests of alternative hypotheses. Ecology 60:43-47.
    • (1979) Ecology , vol.60 , pp. 43-47
    • Fuentes, E.R.1    Jaksic̀, F.M.2
  • 42
    • 0002995062 scopus 로고
    • Arctic fox
    • M. Novak, J. A. Baker, M. E. Obbard, and B. Malloch, eds. Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario
    • Garrott, R. A., and L. E. Eberhardt. 1987. Arctic fox. Pages 395-406 in M. Novak, J. A. Baker, M. E. Obbard, and B. Malloch, eds. Wild furbearer management and conservation in North America. Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario.
    • (1987) Wild Furbearer Management and Conservation in North America , pp. 395-406
    • Garrott, R.A.1    Eberhardt, L.E.2
  • 44
    • 0027101517 scopus 로고
    • Small size and monogamy: Spatial organization of the Blanford's fox, Vulpes cana
    • Geffen, E., and D. W. Macdonald. 1992. Small size and monogamy: spatial organization of the Blanford's fox, Vulpes cana. Animal Behaviour 44:1123-1130.
    • (1992) Animal Behaviour , vol.44 , pp. 1123-1130
    • Geffen, E.1    Macdonald, D.W.2
  • 45
    • 0027084133 scopus 로고
    • Morphological adaptations and seasonal weight changes in the Blanford's fox, Vulpes cana
    • Geffen, E., R. Hefner, D. W. Macdonald, and M. Ucko. 1992a. Morphological adaptations and seasonal weight changes in the Blanford's fox, Vulpes cana. Journal of Arid Environments 23:287-292.
    • (1992) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.23 , pp. 287-292
    • Geffen, E.1    Hefner, R.2    Macdonald, D.W.3    Ucko, M.4
  • 46
    • 0001926117 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of the fox-like canids: Analysis of mtDNA restriction fragment, site, and cytochrome b sequence data
    • London
    • Geffen, E., A. Mercure, D. J. Girman, D. W. Macdonald, and R. K. Wayne. 1992b. Phylogeny of the fox-like canids: analysis of mtDNA restriction fragment, site, and cytochrome b sequence data. Journal of Zoology (London) 228:27-39.
    • (1992) Journal of Zoology , vol.228 , pp. 27-39
    • Geffen, E.1    Mercure, A.2    Girman, D.J.3    Macdonald, D.W.4    Wayne, R.K.5
  • 47
    • 0023518058 scopus 로고
    • Bergmann's rule is invalid
    • Geist, V. 1987. Bergmann's rule is invalid. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:1035-1038.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.65 , pp. 1035-1038
    • Geist, V.1
  • 48
    • 0026325409 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal of wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota, 1969-89
    • Gese, E. M., and L. D. Mech. 1991. Dispersal of wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota, 1969-89. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69:2946-2955.
    • (1991) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.69 , pp. 2946-2955
    • Gese, E.M.1    Mech, L.D.2
  • 51
    • 0022207328 scopus 로고
    • Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates
    • Berlin
    • Gittleman, J. L. 1985. Carnivore body size: ecological and taxonomic correlates. Oecologia (Berlin) 67:540-554.
    • (1985) Oecologia , vol.67 , pp. 540-554
    • Gittleman, J.L.1
  • 52
    • 0022840504 scopus 로고
    • Carnivore life history patterns: Allometric, phylogenetic, and ecological associations
    • _. 1986. Carnivore life history patterns: allometric, phylogenetic, and ecological associations. American Naturalist 127:744-771.
    • (1986) American Naturalist , vol.127 , pp. 744-771
  • 53
    • 0001780808 scopus 로고
    • Carnivore life histories: A re-analysis in the light of new models
    • N. Dunstone and M. L. Gorman, eds. Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • _. 1993. Carnivore life histories: a re-analysis in the light of new models. Pages 65-86 in N. Dunstone and M. L. Gorman, eds. Mammals as predators. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1993) Mammals as Predators , pp. 65-86
  • 54
    • 84860854099 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation: Statistics and null model for estimating phylogenetic effects
    • Gittleman, J. L., and M. Kot. 1990. Adaptation: statistics and null model for estimating phylogenetic effects. Systematic Zoology 39:227-241.
    • (1990) Systematic Zoology , vol.39 , pp. 227-241
    • Gittleman, J.L.1    Kot, M.2
  • 56
    • 0000014073 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny, evolutionary models and comparative methods: A simulation study
    • P. Eggleton and R. I. Vane-Wright, eds. Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London
    • _. 1994. Phylogeny, evolutionary models and comparative methods: a simulation study. Pages 103-122 in P. Eggleton and R. I. Vane-Wright, eds. Phylogenetics and ecology. Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London.
    • (1994) Phylogenetics and Ecology , pp. 103-122
  • 57
    • 0026313872 scopus 로고
    • Home range scaling: Intraspecific and comparative trends
    • Berlin
    • Gompper, M. E., and J. L. Gittleman. 1991. Home range scaling: intraspecific and comparative trends. Oecologia (Berlin) 87:343-348.
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.87 , pp. 343-348
    • Gompper, M.E.1    Gittleman, J.L.2
  • 60
    • 0002685253 scopus 로고
    • Pack size and wolf pup survival: Their relationship under varying ecological conditions
    • Harrington, F. H., L. D. Mech, and S. H. Fritts. 1983. Pack size and wolf pup survival: their relationship under varying ecological conditions. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 13: 19-26.
    • (1983) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.13 , pp. 19-26
    • Harrington, F.H.1    Mech, L.D.2    Fritts, S.H.3
  • 61
    • 84985332726 scopus 로고
    • Age-related fertility and productivity in red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, in suburban London
    • London
    • Harris, S. 1979. Age-related fertility and productivity in red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, in suburban London. Journal of Zoology (London) 187:195-199.
    • (1979) Journal of Zoology , vol.187 , pp. 195-199
    • Harris, S.1
  • 64
    • 0000161518 scopus 로고
    • Coyote movements in Sagehen Creek Basin, northeastern California
    • Hawthorne, V. M. 1971. Coyote movements in Sagehen Creek Basin, northeastern California. California Fish and Game 57:154-161.
    • (1971) California Fish and Game , vol.57 , pp. 154-161
    • Hawthorne, V.M.1
  • 65
    • 0026525640 scopus 로고
    • Interspecific competition and the geographical distribution of red and arctic foxes (Vulpes vulpes and Alopex lagopus)
    • Hersteinsson, P., and D. W. Macdonald. 1992. Interspecific competition and the geographical distribution of red and arctic foxes (Vulpes vulpes and Alopex lagopus). Oikos 64:505-515.
    • (1992) Oikos , vol.64 , pp. 505-515
    • Hersteinsson, P.1    Macdonald, D.W.2
  • 66
    • 0344170854 scopus 로고
    • Development of young and parental care of the raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides, in captivity
    • Ikeda, H. 1983. Development of young and parental care of the raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides, in captivity. Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan 9:229-236.
    • (1983) Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan , vol.9 , pp. 229-236
    • Ikeda, H.1
  • 67
    • 3242835097 scopus 로고
    • On the breeding and rearing of bush dog, Speothos venaticus, at the Frankfurt Zoo
    • Jantschke, F. 1973. On the breeding and rearing of bush dog, Speothos venaticus, at the Frankfurt Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 13:141-143.
    • (1973) International Zoo Yearbook , vol.13 , pp. 141-143
    • Jantschke, F.1
  • 68
    • 0020441254 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive and social behaviour of the dhole (Cuon alpinus)
    • London
    • Johnsingh, A. J. T. 1982. Reproductive and social behaviour of the dhole (Cuon alpinus). Journal of Zoology (London) 198:443-463.
    • (1982) Journal of Zoology , vol.198 , pp. 443-463
    • Johnsingh, A.J.T.1
  • 70
    • 0009190013 scopus 로고
    • Coyote reproduction
    • M. Bekoff, ed. Academic Press, New York
    • Kennelly, J. J. 1978. Coyote reproduction. Pages 73-93 in M. Bekoff, ed. Coyote: biology, behavior, and management. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1978) Coyote: Biology, Behavior, and Management , pp. 73-93
    • Kennelly, J.J.1
  • 71
    • 0000342970 scopus 로고
    • An ecological study of the swift fox (Vulpes velox) in the Oklahoma Panhandle
    • Kilgore, D. L., Jr. 1969. An ecological study of the swift fox (Vulpes velox) in the Oklahoma Panhandle. American Midland Naturalist 81:512-534.
    • (1969) American Midland Naturalist , vol.81 , pp. 512-534
    • Kilgore Jr., D.L.1
  • 72
    • 0004209304 scopus 로고
    • Carnivores. Academic Press, London
    • Kingdon, J. 1977. East African mammals. Vol IIIA. Carnivores. Academic Press, London.
    • (1977) East African Mammals , vol.3 A
    • Kingdon, J.1
  • 73
    • 3242848873 scopus 로고
    • Observation on the breeding of the bush dog at Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago
    • Kitchener, S. L. 1971. Observation on the breeding of the bush dog at Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago. International Zoo Yearbook 11:99-101.
    • (1971) International Zoo Yearbook , vol.11 , pp. 99-101
    • Kitchener, S.L.1
  • 75
    • 0000388149 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary interpretations of coyote population mechanics with some management implications
    • Knowlton, F. F. 1972. Preliminary interpretations of coyote population mechanics with some management implications. Journal of Wildlife Management 36:369-382.
    • (1972) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.36 , pp. 369-382
    • Knowlton, F.F.1
  • 76
    • 85005481067 scopus 로고
    • Zur Fortpflanzung und Jugendentwicklung des Wüstenfucheses (Fennecus zerda)
    • Koenig, L. von. 1970. Zur Fortpflanzung und Jugendentwicklung des Wüstenfucheses (Fennecus zerda). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 27:205-246.
    • (1970) Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie , vol.27 , pp. 205-246
    • Von Koenig, L.1
  • 77
    • 84985370848 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting population density, group size, and territory size of the European badger. Meles Meles
    • London
    • Kruuk, H., and T. Parish. 1982. Factors affecting population density, group size, and territory size of the European badger. Meles meles. Journal of Zoology (London) 196:31-39.
    • (1982) Journal of Zoology , vol.196 , pp. 31-39
    • Kruuk, H.1    Parish, T.2
  • 78
    • 0000120788 scopus 로고
    • Sex ratio manipulation and decreased growth of male offspring of prenatally and postnatally undernourished golden hamsters
    • Labov, J. B., U. W. Huck, P. Vaswani, and R. D. Lisk. 1986. Sex ratio manipulation and decreased growth of male offspring of prenatally and postnatally undernourished golden hamsters. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 18:241-249.
    • (1986) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.18 , pp. 241-249
    • Labov, J.B.1    Huck, U.W.2    Vaswani, P.3    Lisk, R.D.4
  • 79
    • 85005502052 scopus 로고
    • Field observations on the behaviour and social system of bat-eared fox, Otocyon megalolis
    • Lamprecht, J. 1979. Field observations on the behaviour and social system of bat-eared fox, Otocyon megalolis. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 49:260-284.
    • (1979) Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie , vol.49 , pp. 260-284
    • Lamprecht, J.1
  • 80
    • 0002256380 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of red fox and gray fox reproduction in New York
    • Layne, J. N., and W. H. McKeon. 1956. Some aspects of red fox and gray fox reproduction in New York. New York Fish and Game Journal 3:44-74.
    • (1956) New York Fish and Game Journal , vol.3 , pp. 44-74
    • Layne, J.N.1    McKeon, W.H.2
  • 81
    • 0002130441 scopus 로고
    • Encephalization and obstetrics in primates with particular reference to human evolution
    • E. Armstrong and D. Falk, eds. Plenum, New York
    • Leutenegger, W. 1982. Encephalization and obstetrics in primates with particular reference to human evolution. Pages 85-95 in E. Armstrong and D. Falk, eds. Primate brain evolution: methods and concept. Plenum, New York.
    • (1982) Primate Brain Evolution: Methods and Concept , pp. 85-95
    • Leutenegger, W.1
  • 82
    • 0024570791 scopus 로고
    • Food limitation and social regulation in a red fox population
    • Lindström, E. 1989. Food limitation and social regulation in a red fox population. Holarctic Ecology 12:70-79.
    • (1989) Holarctic Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 70-79
    • Lindström, E.1
  • 83
    • 36849155449 scopus 로고
    • Helpers in fox society
    • Macdonald, D. W. 1979. Helpers in fox society. Nature (London) 282:69-71.
    • (1979) Nature (London) , vol.282 , pp. 69-71
    • Macdonald, D.W.1
  • 85
    • 0008586659 scopus 로고
    • Socio-ecology of bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis)
    • London
    • Malcolm, J. R. 1986. Socio-ecology of bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis). Journal of Zoology (London) 208:457-467.
    • (1986) Journal of Zoology , vol.208 , pp. 457-467
    • Malcolm, J.R.1
  • 86
    • 33748244069 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection and communal rearing of pups in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)
    • Malcolm, J. R., and K. Marten. 1982. Natural selection and communal rearing of pups in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 10:1-13.
    • (1982) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.10 , pp. 1-13
    • Malcolm, J.R.1    Marten, K.2
  • 88
    • 0002983592 scopus 로고
    • Canis lupus
    • _. 1974. Canis lupus. Mammalian Species 37:1-6.
    • (1974) Mammalian Species , vol.37 , pp. 1-6
  • 89
    • 0000753514 scopus 로고
    • On the occurrence of Blanford's fox, Vulpes cana, Blanford, 1877, in Israel and Sinai
    • Mendelssohn, H., Y. Yom-Tov, G. Ilany, and D. Meninger. 1987. On the occurrence of Blanford's fox, Vulpes cana, Blanford, 1877, in Israel and Sinai. Mammalia 51:459-462.
    • (1987) Mammalia , vol.51 , pp. 459-462
    • Mendelssohn, H.1    Yom-Tov, Y.2    Ilany, G.3    Meninger, D.4
  • 90
    • 0017226615 scopus 로고
    • Body weight, diet and home range area in primates
    • Milton, D., and M. L. May. 1976. Body weight, diet and home range area in primates. Nature (London) 259:459-462.
    • (1976) Nature (London) , vol.259 , pp. 459-462
    • Milton, D.1    May, M.L.2
  • 91
    • 0000926468 scopus 로고
    • Jackal helpers and pup survival
    • Moehlman, P. D. 1979. Jackal helpers and pup survival. Nature (London) 227:382-383.
    • (1979) Nature (London) , vol.227 , pp. 382-383
    • Moehlman, P.D.1
  • 92
    • 0002563289 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of cooperation in canids
    • D. I. Rubenstein and R. W. Wrangham, eds. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
    • _. 1986. Ecology of cooperation in canids. Pages 282-302 in D. I. Rubenstein and R. W. Wrangham, eds. Ecological aspects of social evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
    • (1986) Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution , pp. 282-302
  • 93
    • 0001506483 scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific variation in canid social systems
    • J. L. Gittleman, ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.
    • _. 1989. Intraspecific variation in canid social systems. Pages 143-163 in J. L. Gittleman, ed. Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.
    • (1989) Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution , pp. 143-163
  • 94
    • 76549254593 scopus 로고
    • Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena
    • Moran, P. A. P. 1950. Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika 37:17-23.
    • (1950) Biometrika , vol.37 , pp. 17-23
    • Moran, P.A.P.1
  • 95
    • 0000202529 scopus 로고
    • Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox
    • Morrell, S. 1972. Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox. California Fish and Game 58:162-174.
    • (1972) California Fish and Game , vol.58 , pp. 162-174
    • Morrell, S.1
  • 96
    • 0006428460 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating group size in bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) in the south-western Kalahari
    • London
    • Nel, J. A. J., M. G. L. Mills, and R. J. Van Aarde. 1984. Fluctuating group size in bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) in the south-western Kalahari. Journal of Zoology (London) 203: 294-298.
    • (1984) Journal of Zoology , vol.203 , pp. 294-298
    • Nel, J.A.J.1    Mills, M.G.L.2    Van Aarde, R.J.3
  • 97
    • 0000522515 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of coyotes in central Alberta, 1964-1968
    • Nellis, C. H., and L. B. Keith. 1976. Population dynamics of coyotes in central Alberta, 1964-1968. Journal of Wildlife Management 40:389-399.
    • (1976) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.40 , pp. 389-399
    • Nellis, C.H.1    Keith, L.B.2
  • 99
    • 0025595756 scopus 로고
    • Evolving climates and mammal faunas in Cenozoic South America
    • Pascual, R., and E. O. Jaureguizar. 1990. Evolving climates and mammal faunas in Cenozoic South America. Journal of Human Evolution 19:23-60.
    • (1990) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.19 , pp. 23-60
    • Pascual, R.1    Jaureguizar, E.O.2
  • 100
    • 0013589605 scopus 로고
    • Bush dog urine-marking: Its role in pair formation and maintenance
    • Porten, I. J. 1983. Bush dog urine-marking: its role in pair formation and maintenance. Animal Behaviour 31:1061-1069.
    • (1983) Animal Behaviour , vol.31 , pp. 1061-1069
    • Porten, I.J.1
  • 101
    • 0008549628 scopus 로고
    • Aseasonality of bush dog reproduction and the influence of social factors on the estrous cycle
    • Porten, I. J., D. G. Kleiman, and M. Rodden. 1987. Aseasonality of bush dog reproduction and the influence of social factors on the estrous cycle. Journal of Mammalogy 68:867-871.
    • (1987) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.68 , pp. 867-871
    • Porten, I.J.1    Kleiman, D.G.2    Rodden, M.3
  • 102
    • 0028161482 scopus 로고
    • Truth or consequences: Effects of phylogenetic accuracy on two comparative methods
    • Purvis, A., J. L. Gittleman, and H.-K. Luh. 1994. Truth or consequences: effects of phylogenetic accuracy on two comparative methods. Journal of Theoretical Biology 167:293-300.
    • (1994) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.167 , pp. 293-300
    • Purvis, A.1    Gittleman, J.L.2    Luh, H.-K.3
  • 104
    • 0016328151 scopus 로고
    • Maternal nutrition and the sex ratio at birth
    • Rivers, J. P. W., and M. A. Crawford. 1974. Maternal nutrition and the sex ratio at birth. Nature (London) 252:297-298.
    • (1974) Nature (London) , vol.252 , pp. 297-298
    • Rivers, J.P.W.1    Crawford, M.A.2
  • 105
    • 0003049709 scopus 로고
    • The small carnivores of Natal
    • Rowe-Rowe, D. T. 1978. The small carnivores of Natal. Lammergeyer 25:1-48.
    • (1978) Lammergeyer , vol.25 , pp. 1-48
    • Rowe-Rowe, D.T.1
  • 106
    • 0002450447 scopus 로고
    • Foxes: Vulpes vulpes and allies
    • J. A. Chapman and G. A. Feldhamer, eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
    • Samuel, D. E., and B. B. Nelson. 1982. Foxes: Vulpes vulpes and allies. Pages 475-490 in J. A. Chapman and G. A. Feldhamer, eds. Wild mammals of North America. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
    • (1982) Wild Mammals of North America , pp. 475-490
    • Samuel, D.E.1    Nelson, B.B.2
  • 108
    • 84924930824 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive behavior of foxes in New York State
    • Sheldon, W. G. 1949. Reproductive behavior of foxes in New York State. Journal of Mammalogy 30:236-246.
    • (1949) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.30 , pp. 236-246
    • Sheldon, W.G.1
  • 113
    • 0008615515 scopus 로고
    • Breeding of the red dog or dhole (Cuon alpinus) at Moscow Zoo
    • Sosnovskii, J. P. 1967. Breeding of the red dog or dhole (Cuon alpinus) at Moscow Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 7:120-122.
    • (1967) International Zoo Yearbook , vol.7 , pp. 120-122
    • Sosnovskii, J.P.1
  • 114
    • 0442300049 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the newborn and full-term wild red foxes
    • Storm, G. L., and E. D. Ables. 1966. Notes on the newborn and full-term wild red foxes. Journal of Mammalogy 47:116-118.
    • (1966) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.47 , pp. 116-118
    • Storm, G.L.1    Ables, E.D.2
  • 116
    • 0019760134 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the mammalian carnivores of the Cape Province, South Africa
    • Stuart, C. T. 1981. Notes on the mammalian carnivores of the Cape Province, South Africa. Bontebok 1:1-58.
    • (1981) Bontebok , vol.1 , pp. 1-58
    • Stuart, C.T.1
  • 117
    • 0012312251 scopus 로고
    • Gray fox reproduction, denning, range, and weights in Alabama
    • Sullivan, E. G. 1956. Gray fox reproduction, denning, range, and weights in Alabama. Journal of Mammalogy 37:346-351.
    • (1956) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.37 , pp. 346-351
    • Sullivan, E.G.1
  • 118
    • 0027882890 scopus 로고
    • Effect of food resource distribution on the social system of Gunnison's prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni)
    • Travis, S. E., and C. N. Slobodchikoff. 1993. Effect of food resource distribution on the social system of Gunnison's prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni). Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:1186-1192.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.71 , pp. 1186-1192
    • Travis, S.E.1    Slobodchikoff, C.N.2
  • 119
    • 85068409711 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment and sexual selection
    • B. Campbell, ed. Aldine, Chicago
    • Trivers, R. L. 1972. Parental investment and sexual selection. Pages 136-176 in B. Campbell, ed. Sexual selection and the descent of man. Aldine, Chicago.
    • (1972) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man , pp. 136-176
    • Trivers, R.L.1
  • 120
    • 0015914379 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection of paternal ability to vary sex ratio of offspring
    • Washington, D.C.
    • Trivers, R. L., and D. E. Willard. 1973. Natural selection of paternal ability to vary sex ratio of offspring. Science (Washington, D.C.) 179:90-92.
    • (1973) Science , vol.179 , pp. 90-92
    • Trivers, R.L.1    Willard, D.E.2
  • 124
    • 0042477769 scopus 로고
    • Developmental constraints on limb growth in domestic and some wild canids
    • London
    • Wayne, R. K. 1986. Developmental constraints on limb growth in domestic and some wild canids. Journal of Zoology (London) 210:381-399.
    • (1986) Journal of Zoology , vol.210 , pp. 381-399
    • Wayne, R.K.1
  • 125
    • 0027286135 scopus 로고
    • Molecular evolution of the dog family
    • _. 1993. Molecular evolution of the dog family. Trends in Genetics 9:218-224.
    • (1993) Trends in Genetics , vol.9 , pp. 218-224
  • 126
    • 0023236029 scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal evolution of the Canidae. II. Species with low diploid numbers
    • Wayne, R. K., W. Nash, and S. J. O'Brien. 1987. Chromosomal evolution of the Canidae. II. Species with low diploid numbers. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 44:134-141.
    • (1987) Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics , vol.44 , pp. 134-141
    • Wayne, R.K.1    Nash, W.2    O'Brien, S.J.3
  • 127
    • 0027808246 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on group size in primates and carnivores: Population density and day-range as assays of exploitation competition
    • Wrangham, R. W., J. L. Gittleman, and C. A. Chapman. 1993. Constraints on group size in primates and carnivores: population density and day-range as assays of exploitation competition. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 32:199-209.
    • (1993) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.32 , pp. 199-209
    • Wrangham, R.W.1    Gittleman, J.L.2    Chapman, C.A.3
  • 128
    • 0024899444 scopus 로고
    • Shift in red fox, Vulpes vulpes, mating system associated with El Nino in the Bering Sea
    • Zabel, C. J., and S. J. Taggart. 1989. Shift in red fox, Vulpes vulpes, mating system associated with El Nino in the Bering Sea. Animal Behaviour 38:830-838.
    • (1989) Animal Behaviour , vol.38 , pp. 830-838
    • Zabel, C.J.1    Taggart, S.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.