메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 11, 2004, Pages 1175-1181

Pupil assessment in optic nerve disorders

Author keywords

Afferent defect; Optic nerve; Perimetry; Pupil; Reflex

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE SEVERITY; ELECTRODIAGNOSIS; HUMAN; LIGHT; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; OPTIC NERVE DISEASE; OPTIC NERVE FIBER; PERIMETRY; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PROGNOSIS; PUPIL; PUPIL REFLEX; PUPILLOGRAPHY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TIME; VISUAL FIELD; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; VISUAL STIMULATION;

EID: 9944253226     PISSN: 0950222X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701560     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 0025859709 scopus 로고
    • Asymmetry of pupillomotor input
    • Thompson HS, Corbett JJ. Asymmetry of pupillomotor input. Eye 1991; 5: 36-39.
    • (1991) Eye , vol.5 , pp. 36-39
    • Thompson, H.S.1    Corbett, J.J.2
  • 3
    • 0012340776 scopus 로고
    • Functional or hysterical amblyopia
    • Gunn RM. Functional or hysterical amblyopia. Ophthalmol Rev 1902; 21: 271-280.
    • (1902) Ophthalmol. Rev. , vol.21 , pp. 271-280
    • Gunn, R.M.1
  • 5
    • 0026638334 scopus 로고
    • Pupillary escape
    • Cox TA. Pupillary escape. Neurology 1992; 42: 1271-1273.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1271-1273
    • Cox, T.A.1
  • 6
    • 0031957889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the Marcus Gunn and alternating light tests for afferent pupillary defects
    • Enyedi LB, Dev S, Cox TA. A comparison of the Marcus Gunn and alternating light tests for afferent pupillary defects. Ophthalmology 1998; 105: 871-873.
    • (1998) Ophthalmology , vol.105 , pp. 871-873
    • Enyedi, L.B.1    Dev, S.2    Cox, T.A.3
  • 7
    • 0000000772 scopus 로고
    • Pupillary escape in disease of the retina or optic nerve
    • Levatin P. Pupillary escape in disease of the retina or optic nerve. Arch Ophthalmol 1959; 62: 768-779.
    • (1959) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.62 , pp. 768-779
    • Levatin, P.1
  • 8
    • 0013967815 scopus 로고
    • Afferent pupillary defects: Pupillary findings associated with defects of the afferent limb of the pupil light reflex arc
    • Thompson HS. Afferent pupillary defects: pupillary findings associated with defects of the afferent limb of the pupil light reflex arc. Am J Ophthalmol 1966; 62: 860-873.
    • (1966) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.62 , pp. 860-873
    • Thompson, H.S.1
  • 9
    • 0017037370 scopus 로고
    • Pupillary signs in the diagnosis of optic nerve disease
    • Thompson HS. Pupillary signs in the diagnosis of optic nerve disease. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1976; 96: 377-381.
    • (1976) Trans. Ophthalmol. Soc. UK , vol.96 , pp. 377-381
    • Thompson, H.S.1
  • 10
    • 74549204234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles and techniques of examination of the pupils, accommodation, and the lacrimal system
    • Miller, Newman (eds). 5th ed
    • Digre KB. Principles and techniques of examination of the pupils, accommodation, and the lacrimal system. In: Miller, Newman (eds). Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuroophthalmology, 5th ed. 1998 p 941.
    • (1998) Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuroophthalmology , pp. 941
    • Digre, K.B.1
  • 11
    • 0019447873 scopus 로고
    • How to measure the relative afferent pupillary defect
    • Thompson HS, Corbett JJ, Cox TA. How to measure the relative afferent pupillary defect. Surv Ophthalmol 1981; 26: 39-42.
    • (1981) Surv. Ophthalmol. , vol.26 , pp. 39-42
    • Thompson, H.S.1    Corbett, J.J.2    Cox, T.A.3
  • 12
    • 0025689537 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the afferent papillary defect by double polarized filter
    • Arnold RW. Quantification of the afferent papillary defect by double polarized filter. Arch Ophthalmol 1990; 108: 1666-1667.
    • (1990) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.108 , pp. 1666-1667
    • Arnold, R.W.1
  • 13
    • 0025298763 scopus 로고
    • The use of crossed polarized filters in the measurement of the relative afferent pupillary defect
    • Rosenberg ML, Oliva A. The use of crossed polarized filters in the measurement of the relative afferent pupillary defect. Am J Ophthalmol 1990; 110: 62-65.
    • (1990) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.110 , pp. 62-65
    • Rosenberg, M.L.1    Oliva, A.2
  • 14
    • 0028892218 scopus 로고
    • Crossed polarising filters to measure relative afferent pupillary defects: Reproducibility, correlation with neutral density filters and use in central retinal vein occlusion
    • Ramsay A, Williamson TH, Parks S, Keating D. Crossed polarising filters to measure relative afferent pupillary defects: reproducibility, correlation with neutral density filters and use in central retinal vein occlusion. Eye 1995; 9: 624-628.
    • (1995) Eye , vol.9 , pp. 624-628
    • Ramsay, A.1    Williamson, T.H.2    Parks, S.3    Keating, D.4
  • 17
    • 0029819987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term fluctuation of relative afferent pupillary defect in subjects with normal visual function
    • Kawasaki A, Moore P, Kardon RH. Long-term fluctuation of relative afferent pupillary defect in subjects with normal visual function. Am J Ophthalmol 1996; 122: 875-882.
    • (1996) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.122 , pp. 875-882
    • Kawasaki, A.1    Moore, P.2    Kardon, R.H.3
  • 18
    • 84975461733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An anisocoria produces a small relative afferent pupillary defect in the eye with the smaller pupil
    • Lam BL, Thompson HS. An anisocoria produces a small relative afferent pupillary defect in the eye with the smaller pupil. J Neuro-ophthalmol 1999; 19: 153-159.
    • (1999) J. Neuro.-Ophthalmol. , vol.19 , pp. 153-159
    • Lam, B.L.1    Thompson, H.S.2
  • 19
    • 0025219359 scopus 로고
    • A unilateral cataract produces a relative afferent pupillary defect in the contralateral eye
    • Lam BL, Thompson HS. A unilateral cataract produces a relative afferent pupillary defect in the contralateral eye. Ophthalmology 1990; 97: 334-338.
    • (1990) Ophthalmology , vol.97 , pp. 334-338
    • Lam, B.L.1    Thompson, H.S.2
  • 20
    • 0007394281 scopus 로고
    • A simple method for the early diagnosis of abnormality of the pupillary reaction
    • Stern HJ. A simple method for the early diagnosis of abnormality of the pupillary reaction. Br J Ophthalmol 1944; 28 275-276.
    • (1944) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.28 , pp. 275-276
    • Stern, H.J.1
  • 23
    • 0020603328 scopus 로고
    • Edge-light pupil cycle time and optic nerve disease
    • Hamilton W, Drewry RD. Edge-light pupil cycle time and optic nerve disease. Ann Ophthalmol 1983; 15: 714-721.
    • (1983) Ann. Ophthalmol. , vol.15 , pp. 714-721
    • Hamilton, W.1    Drewry, R.D.2
  • 24
    • 0019474763 scopus 로고
    • Multiple regression analysis of diagnostic predictors in optic nerve disease
    • Kirkham TH, Coupland SG. Multiple regression analysis of diagnostic predictors in optic nerve disease. Can J Neurol Sci 1981; 8: 67-72.
    • (1981) Can. J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.8 , pp. 67-72
    • Kirkham, T.H.1    Coupland, S.G.2
  • 25
    • 0019986538 scopus 로고
    • Pupil cycle time in non-compressive optic neuropathy
    • Manor RS, Yassur Y, Ben-Sira I. Pupil cycle time in non-compressive optic neuropathy. Ann Ophthalmol 1982; 14: 546-550.
    • (1982) Ann. Ophthalmol. , vol.14 , pp. 546-550
    • Manor, R.S.1    Yassur, Y.2    Ben-Sira, I.3
  • 27
    • 0020404315 scopus 로고
    • Pupil cycle time in space-occupying lesions of anterior optic pathways
    • Manor RS, Yassur Y, Ben-Sira I. Pupil cycle time in space-occupying lesions of anterior optic pathways. Ann Ophthalmol 1982; 14: 1030-1031.
    • (1982) Ann. Ophthalmol. , vol.14 , pp. 1030-1031
    • Manor, R.S.1    Yassur, Y.2    Ben-Sira, I.3
  • 29
    • 0014610379 scopus 로고
    • Pupil response to light and electrical stimulation: Static and dynamic characteristics
    • Terdiman J, Smith JD, Stark L. Pupil response to light and electrical stimulation: static and dynamic characteristics. Brain Res 1969; 16: 288-292.
    • (1969) Brain Res. , vol.16 , pp. 288-292
    • Terdiman, J.1    Smith, J.D.2    Stark, L.3
  • 32
    • 0019947152 scopus 로고
    • Visual evoked potential and pupillary signs: A comparison in optic nerve disease
    • Cox TA, Thompson HS, Hayreh SS, Snyder JE. Visual evoked potential and pupillary signs: a comparison in optic nerve disease. Arch Ophthalmol 1982; 100: 1603-1607.
    • (1982) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.100 , pp. 1603-1607
    • Cox, T.A.1    Thompson, H.S.2    Hayreh, S.S.3    Snyder, J.E.4
  • 33
    • 0000950559 scopus 로고
    • Electronic pupillography: A new instrument and some clinical applications
    • Lowenstein O, Loewenfeld fE. Electronic pupillography: a new instrument and some clinical applications. Arch Ophthalmol 1958; 59: 352-363.
    • (1958) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.59 , pp. 352-363
    • Lowenstein, O.1    Loewenfeld, F.E.2
  • 34
    • 0018371878 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of unilateral afferent pupillary defects by pupillography
    • Fison PN, Garlick DJ, Smith SE. Assessment of unilateral afferent pupillary defects by pupillography. Br J Ophthalmol 1979; 63: 195-199.
    • (1979) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.63 , pp. 195-199
    • Fison, P.N.1    Garlick, D.J.2    Smith, S.E.3
  • 35
    • 0005490327 scopus 로고
    • Grundlagen, Methodik und Bedeutung der Pupillenperimetrie fur die Physiologie und Pathologie des Sehorgans
    • Harms H. Grundlagen, Methodik und Bedeutung der Pupillenperimetrie fur die Physiologie und Pathologie des Sehorgans. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1949; 149: 1-44.
    • (1949) Graefe's Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. , vol.149 , pp. 1-44
    • Harms, H.1
  • 36
    • 3042762563 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of visual and pupillary light thresholds in periphery
    • Burke DW, Ogle KN. Comparison of visual and pupillary light thresholds in periphery. Arch Ophthalmol 1964; 71: 400-408.
    • (1964) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.71 , pp. 400-408
    • Burke, D.W.1    Ogle, K.N.2
  • 39
  • 40
    • 0016675167 scopus 로고
    • Pupillary hemiakinesia in suprageniculate lesions
    • Cibis GW, Campos EC, Aulhorn E. Pupillary hemiakinesia in suprageniculate lesions. Arch Ophthalmol 1975; 93: 1322-1327.
    • (1975) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.93 , pp. 1322-1327
    • Cibis, G.W.1    Campos, E.C.2    Aulhorn, E.3
  • 41
    • 0005510172 scopus 로고
    • Video-processing pupillography as a method for objective perimetry in pupillary hemiakinesia
    • Hellner KA, Jensen W, Muller-Jensen A. Video-processing pupillography as a method for objective perimetry in pupillary hemiakinesia. Doc Ophthalmol 1977; 14: 221-226.
    • (1977) Doc. Ophthalmol. , vol.14 , pp. 221-226
    • Hellner, K.A.1    Jensen, W.2    Muller-Jensen, A.3
  • 42
    • 0024958462 scopus 로고
    • Puptrak 1.0: A new semiautomated system for pupillometry with the Octopus perimeter
    • Fankhauser F, Flammer J. Puptrak 1.0: a new semiautomated system for pupillometry with the Octopus perimeter. Doc Ophthalmol 1990; 73: 235-248.
    • (1990) Doc. Ophthalmol. , vol.73 , pp. 235-248
    • Fankhauser, F.1    Flammer, J.2
  • 43
    • 0025642639 scopus 로고
    • New equipment for pupillographic perimetry
    • Alexandridis E, Krastel H. New equipment for pupillographic perimetry. Neuro-ophthalmology 1990; 10: 331-336.
    • (1990) Neuro-ophthalmology , vol.10 , pp. 331-336
    • Alexandridis, E.1    Krastel, H.2
  • 44
    • 0025857262 scopus 로고
    • Automated pupil perimetry: Pupil field mapping in patients and normal subjects
    • Kardon RH, Aydin-Kirkali P, Thompson HS. Automated pupil perimetry: pupil field mapping in patients and normal subjects. Ophthalmology 1991; 98: 485-496.
    • (1991) Ophthalmology , vol.98 , pp. 485-496
    • Kardon, R.H.1    Aydin-Kirkali, P.2    Thompson, H.S.3
  • 45
    • 0033508296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of threshold visual perimetry and objective pupil perimetry in clinical patients
    • Yoshitomi T, Matsui T, Tanakadate A, Ishikawa S. Comparison of threshold visual perimetry and objective pupil perimetry in clinical patients. J Neuro-ophthalmol 1999; 19: 89-99.
    • (1999) J. Neuro.-Ophthalmol. , vol.19 , pp. 89-99
    • Yoshitomi, T.1    Matsui, T.2    Tanakadate, A.3    Ishikawa, S.4
  • 48
    • 0005491171 scopus 로고
    • Threshold measurements on the light reflex of the pupil in the dark adapted eye
    • Schweitzer NMJ. Threshold measurements on the light reflex of the pupil in the dark adapted eye. Doc Ophthalmol 1956; 10: 1-78.
    • (1956) Doc. Ophthalmol. , vol.10 , pp. 1-78
    • Schweitzer, N.M.J.1
  • 49
    • 0019808837 scopus 로고
    • The pupillary light reflex in normal subjects
    • Ellis CJK. The pupillary light reflex in normal subjects. Br J Ophthalmol 1981; 65: 754-759.
    • (1981) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.65 , pp. 754-759
    • Ellis, C.J.K.1
  • 50
    • 0028877410 scopus 로고
    • Variability of the relative afferent pupillary defect
    • Kawasaki A, Moore P, Kardon RH. Variability of the relative afferent pupillary defect. Am J Ophthalmol 1995; 120: 622-633.
    • (1995) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.120 , pp. 622-633
    • Kawasaki, A.1    Moore, P.2    Kardon, R.H.3
  • 52
    • 0035071959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of pupil perimetry and visual perimetry in normal eyes: Decibel sensitivity and variability
    • Hong S, Narkiewicz J, Kardon RH. Comparison of pupil perimetry and visual perimetry in normal eyes: decibel sensitivity and variability. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42: 957-965.
    • (2001) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 957-965
    • Hong, S.1    Narkiewicz, J.2    Kardon, R.H.3
  • 53
    • 0025232466 scopus 로고
    • Relative afferent pupillary defect in the 'better' eye
    • Bullock JD. Relative afferent pupillary defect in the 'better' eye. J Neuro-ophthalmol 1990; 10: 45-51.
    • (1990) J. Neuro.-Ophthalmol. , vol.10 , pp. 45-51
    • Bullock, J.D.1
  • 54
    • 0020048988 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between visual acuity, pupillary defect and visual field loss
    • Thompson HS, Montague P, Cox TA, Corbett JJ. The relationship between visual acuity, pupillary defect and visual field loss. Am J Ophthalmol 1982; 93: 681-688.
    • (1982) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.93 , pp. 681-688
    • Thompson, H.S.1    Montague, P.2    Cox, T.A.3    Corbett, J.J.4
  • 56
    • 0024239193 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of afferent pupillary defect with visual field loss on automated perimetry
    • Johnson LN, Hill RA, Bartholomew MJ. Correlation of afferent pupillary defect with visual field loss on automated perimetry. Ophthalmology 1988; 95: 1649-1655.
    • (1988) Ophthalmology , vol.95 , pp. 1649-1655
    • Johnson, L.N.1    Hill, R.A.2    Bartholomew, M.J.3
  • 57
    • 0027413980 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between static perimetry and the relative afferent pupillary defect
    • Kardon RH, Haupert CL, Thompson HS. The relationship between static perimetry and the relative afferent pupillary defect. Am J Ophthalmol 1993; 115: 351-356.
    • (1993) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.115 , pp. 351-356
    • Kardon, R.H.1    Haupert, C.L.2    Thompson, H.S.3
  • 58
    • 0031836098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of relative afferent papillary defect and estimated retinal ganglion cell loss
    • Lagreze W-DA, Kardon RH. Correlation of relative afferent papillary defect and estimated retinal ganglion cell loss. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1998; 236: 401-404.
    • (1998) Graefe's Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. , vol.236 , pp. 401-404
    • Lagreze, W.-D.A.1    Kardon, R.H.2
  • 59
    • 0016148541 scopus 로고
    • Properties of cat retinal ganglion cells: A comparison of W-cells with X- and Y-cells
    • Stone J, Fukuda Y. Properties of cat retinal ganglion cells: a comparison of W-cells with X- and Y-cells. J Neurophysiol 1974; 37: 722-748.
    • (1974) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.37 , pp. 722-748
    • Stone, J.1    Fukuda, Y.2
  • 60
    • 0019860154 scopus 로고
    • Retinal ganglion cell classes in the old world monkey: Morphology and central projections
    • Leventhal AG, Rodieck RW, Dreher B. Retinal ganglion cell classes in the old world monkey: morphology and central projections. Science 1981; 213: 1139-1142.
    • (1981) Science , vol.213 , pp. 1139-1142
    • Leventhal, A.G.1    Rodieck, R.W.2    Dreher, B.3
  • 61
    • 0005687658 scopus 로고
    • Two cases of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy diagnosed as psychogenic visual loss
    • Nakanishi M, Mashima Y, Hiida Y, Suzuki S, Oguchi Y. Two cases of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy diagnosed as psychogenic visual loss. Ganka (Ophthalmology) 1994; 36: 811-814.
    • (1994) Ganka (Ophthalmology) , vol.36 , pp. 811-814
    • Nakanishi, M.1    Mashima, Y.2    Hiida, Y.3    Suzuki, S.4    Oguchi, Y.5
  • 63
    • 0029978043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy a retinal disorder? Report of a case
    • Bynke H, Bynke G, Rosenberg T. Is Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy a retinal disorder? Report of a case. Neuroophthalmology 1996; 16: 115-123.
    • (1996) Neuroophthalmology , vol.16 , pp. 115-123
    • Bynke, H.1    Bynke, G.2    Rosenberg, T.3
  • 64
    • 0029062843 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for preserved direct pupil light response in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
    • Wakakura M, Yokoe J. Evidence for preserved direct pupil light response in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Br J Ophthalmol 1995; 79: 442-446.
    • (1995) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.79 , pp. 442-446
    • Wakakura, M.1    Yokoe, J.2
  • 67
  • 71
    • 0015495754 scopus 로고
    • Delayed visual evoked responses in optic neuritis
    • Halliday AM, McDonald WI, Mushin J. Delayed visual evoked responses in optic neuritis. Lancet 1972; 1: 982-985.
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 982-985
    • Halliday, A.M.1    McDonald, W.I.2    Mushin, J.3
  • 72
    • 0019947152 scopus 로고
    • Visual evoked potential and pupillary signs: A comparison in optic nerve disease
    • Cox TA, Thompson HS, Hayreh SS, Snyder JE. Visual evoked potential and pupillary signs: a comparison in optic nerve disease. Arch Ophthalmol 1982; 100: 1603-1607.
    • (1982) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.100 , pp. 1603-1607
    • Cox, T.A.1    Thompson, H.S.2    Hayreh, S.S.3    Snyder, J.E.4
  • 73
    • 0018721844 scopus 로고
    • The afferent pupillary defect in acute optic neuritis
    • Ellis CJK. The afferent pupillary defect in acute optic neuritis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1979; 42: 1008-1017.
    • (1979) J. Neurol Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.42 , pp. 1008-1017
    • Ellis, C.J.K.1
  • 74
    • 0018953760 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the relative afferent pupillary defect in retinal detachment
    • Bovino JA, Burton TC. Measurement of the relative afferent pupillary defect in retinal detachment. Am J Ophthalmol 1980; 90 19-21.
    • (1980) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.90 , pp. 19-21
    • Bovino, J.A.1    Burton, T.C.2
  • 76
    • 0025011140 scopus 로고
    • Topography of ganglion cells in human retina
    • Curcio CA, Allen KA. Topography of ganglion cells in human retina. J Comp Neurol 1990; 300: 5-25.
    • (1990) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.300 , pp. 5-25
    • Curcio, C.A.1    Allen, K.A.2
  • 77
    • 0022398988 scopus 로고
    • The pattern of optic nerve fiber loss in anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
    • Quigley HA, Miller NR, Green WR. The pattern of optic nerve fiber loss in anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1985; 100: 769-776.
    • (1985) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.100 , pp. 769-776
    • Quigley, H.A.1    Miller, N.R.2    Green, W.R.3
  • 78
    • 0020658874 scopus 로고
    • A clinicopathologic study of optic neuropathies associated with intracranial mass lesions with quantification of remaining axons
    • Levin PS, Newman SA, Quigley HA, Miller NR. A clinicopathologic study of optic neuropathies associated with intracranial mass lesions with quantification of remaining axons. Am J Ophthalmol 1983; 95: 295-306.
    • (1983) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.95 , pp. 295-306
    • Levin, P.S.1    Newman, S.A.2    Quigley, H.A.3    Miller, N.R.4
  • 79
    • 0034772622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of optic nerve axon loss associated with a relative afferent pupillary defect in the monkey
    • Kerrison JB, Buchanan K, Rosenberg ML, Clark R, Andreason K, Altaro DV et al. Quantification of optic nerve axon loss associated with a relative afferent pupillary defect in the monkey. Arch Ophthalmol 2001; 119: 1333-1341.
    • (2001) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.119 , pp. 1333-1341
    • Kerrison, J.B.1    Buchanan, K.2    Rosenberg, M.L.3    Clark, R.4    Andreason, K.5    Altaro, D.V.6
  • 80
    • 0036794350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pupil perimetry in the diagnosis of functional visual field loss
    • Rajan MS, Bremner FD, Riordan-Eva P. Pupil perimetry in the diagnosis of functional visual field loss. J Roy Soc Med 2002; 95: 498-500.
    • (2002) J. Roy. Soc. Med. , vol.95 , pp. 498-500
    • Rajan, M.S.1    Bremner, F.D.2    Riordan-Eva, P.3
  • 83
    • 0021141095 scopus 로고
    • Visual function abnormalities in central serous retinopathy
    • Folk JC, Thompson HS, Han D, Brown CK. Visual function abnormalities in central serous retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1984; 102: 1299-1302.
    • (1984) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.102 , pp. 1299-1302
    • Folk, J.C.1    Thompson, H.S.2    Han, D.3    Brown, C.K.4
  • 85
    • 0034791047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of the initial quantified relative afferent pupillary defect in 19 consecutive patients with traumatic optic neuropathy
    • Alford MA, Nerad JA, Carter KD. Predictive value of the initial quantified relative afferent pupillary defect in 19 consecutive patients with traumatic optic neuropathy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2001; 17: 323-327.
    • (2001) Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. , vol.17 , pp. 323-327
    • Alford, M.A.1    Nerad, J.A.2    Carter, K.D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.