Changes in the nutrient content of school lunches: Results from the CATCH Eat Smart food service intervention

Preventive Medicine

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 400-412

  Osganian, Stavroula K ^a   Ebzery, Mary Kay ^b   Montgomery, Deanna H ^c   Nicklas, Theresa A ^d   Evans, Marguerite A ^e   Mitchell, Paul D ^a   Lytle, Leslie A ^f   Snyder, M Patricia ^f   Stone, Elaine J ^e   Zive, Michelle M ^g   Bachman, Kathryn J ^g   Rice, Rochelle ^d   Parcel, Guy S ^c  

^a NEW ENGLAND RESEARCH INSTITUTES   (United States)

^b TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

^d TULANE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e NATIONAL HEART LUNG AND BLOOD INSTITUTE   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

school food service; school lunch; school based intervention

Indexed keywords

SATURATED FATTY ACID; SODIUM; VITAMIN;

ARTICLE; CALORIC INTAKE; CHILD; CHILD NUTRITION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FAT INTAKE; FOOD COMPOSITION; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MEAL; MULTICENTER STUDY; NORMAL HUMAN; NUTRIENT; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIMARY SCHOOL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICE;

EID: 9444260921     PISSN: 00917435     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/pmed.1996.0072     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. 1. American Heart Association. 1995 heart and stroke facts: 1995 statistical supplement. Dallas: American Heart Association, 1994.
2. 2. National Cholesterol Education Program. Report of the Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1991 Sep; Publication No. NIH-NHLBI-91-2732.
3. 3. Strong JP, Newman WP, Freedman DS, Gard PD, Tracy RE, Solberg LA. Atherosclerotic disease in children and young adults: relationship to cardiovascular risk factors. In: Berenson GE, editor. Causation of cardiovascular risk factors in children: perspectives on cardiovascular risk in early life. New York: Raven Press, 1986:27-41.
4. 4. National Cholesterol Education Program. Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1989 Jan; Publication No. NIH-NHLBI-89-2925.
5. 5. National Research Council. Diet and health: implications for reducing chronic disease risk. Washington: Nat. Acad. Press, 1989.
6. 6. Webber LS, Freedman DS, Cresanta JL. Tracking of cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in school-age children. In: Berenson GE, editor. Causation of cardiovascular risk factors in children: perspectives on cardiovascular risk in early life. New York: Raven Press, 1986:42-64.
7. 7. Kelder SH, Perry CL, Klepp K-I. Longitudinal tracking of adolescent smoking, physical activity, and food choice behaviors. Am J Public Health 1994;84:1121-6.
8. 8. U.S. Department of Agriculture/Department of Health and Human Services. Nutrition and your health: dietary guidelines for Americans. 4th ed. Washington: U.S. Gov. Printing Office, 1995; Home Garden Bull No. HG-232.
9. 9. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Statement on cholesterol. Pediatrics 1992;90:469-73.
10. 10. National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Working group report on primary prevention of hypertension. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1993 May; Publication No. NIH-NHLBI-93-2669.
11. 11. Devaney BL, Gordon AR, Burghardt JA. Dietary intakes of students. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(1 Suppl):205S-12S.
12. 12. McDowell MA, Briefel RR, Alaimo K, Bischof AM, Caughman CR, Carroll MD, et al. Energy and macronutrient intakes of persons ages 2 months and over in the United States: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, phase 1, 1988-91. Advance data from vital and health statistics, No. 255. Hyattsville (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, 1994 Oct; Publication No. DHHS-PHS-95-1250.
13. 13. Burghardt JA, Gordon AR, Fraker TM. Meals offered in the National School Lunch Program and the School Breakfast Program. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(1 Suppl):187S-98S.
14. 14. American Cancer Society and National Cancer Institute. Changing the Course, 1990. Manual for school food service providers.
15. 15. School Food Service Foundation of the American School Food Service Association. The Healthy E.D.G.E. in Schools. Sch Food Serv J 1991;43(3 Suppl):1-20.
16. 16. Haltom P. Trimming the Fat. Sch Food Serv J 1992;72:74-5.
17. 17. Project 2001: nutrition for a new century. Dallas: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service Southwest Region, 1992. Program information sheets, nutrition education and promotional materials.
18. 18. U.S. Department of Agriculture/Department of Health and Human Services. Building for the future: nutrition guidance for the child nutrition programs. Washington: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, 1992 Apr; Publication No. FNS-279.
19. 19. American Heart Association. Hearty School Lunch, 1992. Resource manual and menus.
20. 20. Fox MK, Glantz FB. The school nutrition demonstration. Food service reform and nutrition education in low-income schools: real world challenges. Cambridge (MA): Abt Assoc., 1995.
21. 21. Nicklas TA, Forcier JE, Farris RP, Hunter SM, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Heart Smart School Lunch Program: a vehicle for cardiovascular health promotion. Am J Health Promot 1989;4:91-100.
22. 22. Simons-Morton BG, Parcel GS, Baranowski T, Forthofer R, O'Hara NM. Promoting physical activity and a healthful diet among children: results of a school-based intervention study. Am J Public Health 1991;81:986-91.
23. 23. Snyder MP, Story M, Lytle L. Reducing fat and sodium in school lunch programs: the Lunchpower! intervention study. J Am Diet Assoc 1992;92:1087-91.
24. 24. Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Finch AJ, Psaty BM. An environmental intervention to reduce dietary fat in school lunches. Pediatrics 1993;91:1107-11.
25. 25. Sandoval WM, Lockner DW, Adkins EW. Modified school lunch menus based on the Dietary Guidelines. I. Nutrient analysis of menus and student attitude survey. Sch Food Serv Res Rev 1986;10(1):26-30.
26. 26. Ellison RC, Capper AL, Goldberg RJ, Witschi JC, Stare FJ. The environmental component: changing school food service to promote cardiovascular health. Health Educ Q 1989;16:285-97.
27. 27. Lytle LA, Kelder SH, Snyder MP. A review of school food service research. Sch Food Serv Res Rev 1993;17:7-14.
28. 28. Gordon AR, Devaney BL, Burghardt, JA. Dietary effects of the National School Lunch Program and the School Breakfast Program. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(1 Suppl):221S-31S.
29. 29. Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994. Public Law 103-448 (S.1614). Congressional record 1994 Oct; 140:4699-4751.
30. 30. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Service. National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program: school meals initiative for healthy children; final regulation, 7 CFR Parts 210 and 220. Fed Reg. 1995 Jun 13;60(113):31188-222.
31. 31. Perry CL, Parcel GS, Stone E, Nader PR, McKinlay SM, Luepker RV, Webber LS. The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH): overview of the intervention program and evaluation methods. Int J Cardiovasc Risk Fact 1992;2:36-44.
32. 32. Perry CL, Stone EJ, Parcel GS, Ellison RC, Nader PR, Webber LS, Luepker RV. School-based cardiovascular health promotion: the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH). J Sch Health 1990;60:406-13.
33. 33. Stone EJ, Osganian SK, McKinlay S, Wu MC, Webber LS, Luepker RV, et al. Operational design and quality control in the CATCH multicenter trial. Prev Med 1996;25:384-399.
34. 34. Webber LS, Osganian SK, Luepker RV, Feldman HA, Stone EJ, Elder JP, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors among third grade children in four regions of the United States: the CATCH study. Am J Epidemiol 1995;141:428-39.
35. 35. Luepker RV, Perry CL, McKinlay SM, Nader PR, Parcel GS, Stone EJ, et al. Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity: the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH). JAMA. 1996;275:768-776.
36. 36. Nicklas TA, Stone E, Montgomery D, Snyder P, Zive M, Ebzery MK, et al. Meeting the dietary goals for school meals by the year 2000: the CATCH Eat Smart School Nutrition Program. J Health Educ 1994;25:299-307.
37. 37. National Research Council. Recommended dietary allowances. 10th ed. Washington: Nat. Acad. Press, 1989.
38. 38. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service. Menu planning guide for school food service. Washington: U.S. Gov. Printing Office, 1988 Sep (revised). Publication No. USDA-FNS-PA-1260.
39. 39. Dwyer JT, Hewes LV, Mitchell PD, Nicklas TA, Montgomery DH, Lytle LA, et al. Improving school breakfasts: effects of the CATCH Eat Smart Program on the nutrient content of school breakfasts. Prev Med 1996;25:413-422.
40. 40. Montgomery DH, Zive MM, Raizman DJ, Nicklas TA, Evans MA, Snyder MP, et al. Description and evaluation of a food service intervention (Eat Smart) training [abstract]. J Am Diet Assoc 1993;93(9 Suppl):74A.
41. 41. Snyder MP, Obarzanek E, Montgomery DH, Feldman H, Nicklas T, Raizman D, et al. Reducing the fat content of ground beef in a school food service setting. J Am Diet Assoc 1994;94:1135-9.
42. 42. Nicklas TA, Reed DB, Rupp J, Snyder MP, Clesi AL, Glovsky E, et al. Reducing total fat, saturated fatty acids, and sodium: the CATCH Eat Smart School Nutrition Program. Sch Food Serv Res Rev 1992;16:114-21.
43. 43. Ebzery MK, Montgomery DH, Evans MA, Hewes LV, Zive MM, Reed D, et al. School meal data collection and documentation methods in a multisite study. Sch Food Serv Res Rev. In press.
44. 44. Raizman DJ, Montgomery DH, Osganian SK, Ebzery MK, Evans MA, Nicklas TA, et al. CATCH: food service program process evaluation in a multicenter trial. Health Educ Q 1994;Suppl 2:S51-71.
45. 45. McGraw SA, Stone EJ, Osganian SK, Elder JP, Perry CL, Johnson CC, et al. Design of process evaluation within the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH). Health Educ Q 1994;Suppl 2:S5-26.
46. 46. Montgomery DH, Ebzery MK, Nicklas TA, Zive MM, Snyder MP, Mitchell PD, et al. Nutrient description of baseline elementary school lunch menus in the CATCH study. J Am Diet Assoc. Submitted.