Evidence of an absence: The genetic origins of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus

Nature Reviews Microbiology

Volumn 2, Issue 11, 2004, Pages 909-914

  Reid, Ann H ^a   Taubenberger, Jeffery K ^a   Fanning, Thomas G ^a  

^a ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; INFLUENZA VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE; POLYMERASE B1; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRUS ENZYME; VIRUS NUCLEOPROTEIN; VIRUS SIALIDASE;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; BIRD DISEASE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CLADISTICS; EPIDEMIC; GENE MUTATION; GENE REARRANGEMENT; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC VARIABILITY; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFLUENZA; INFLUENZA VIRUS; INFLUENZA VIRUS A; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; VIRAL GENETICS; VIRUS IMMUNITY; VIRUS STRAIN;

DISEASE OUTBREAKS; HEMAGGLUTININ GLYCOPROTEINS, INFLUENZA VIRUS; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; INFLUENZA A VIRUS; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; MUTATION; NEURAMINIDASE; NUCLEOPROTEINS; REASSORTANT VIRUSES; VARIATION (GENETICS); VIRAL MATRIX PROTEINS; VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; VIRAL PROTEINS;

AVES; INFLUENZA A VIRUS; INFLUENZA VIRUS; RNA VIRUSES;

EID: 9444252844     PISSN: 17401526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1027     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza: the disease. [online], (2003).
2. Webster, R. G., Bean, W. J., Gorman, O. T., Chambers, T. M. & Kawaoka, Y. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol. Rev. 56, 152-179 (1992).
3. Webby, R. J. & Webster, R. G. Are we ready for pandemic influenza? Science 302, 1519-1522 (2003).
4. Cox, N. J. & Subbarao, K. Global epidemiology of influenza: past and present. Annu. Rev. Med. 51, 407-421 (2000).
5. Lamb, R. & Krug, R. in Fields Virology Vol. 1 (eds Knipe, D. & Howley, P.) 1487-1531 (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2001).
6. Schafer, J. R. et al. Origin of the pandemic 1957 H2 influenza A virus and the persistence of its possible progenitors in the avian reservoir. Virology 194, 781-788 (1993).
7. Kawaoka, Y., Krauss, S. & Webster, R. G. Avian-to-human transmission of the PB1 gene of influenza A viruses in the 1957 and 1968 pandemics. J. Virol. 63, 4603-4608 (1989).
8. Bean, W. et al. Evolution of the H3 influenza virus hemagglutinin from human and nonhuman hosts. J. Virol. 66, 1129-1138 (1992).
9. Webster, R. G. Influenza virus: transmission between species and relevance to emergence of the next human pandemic. Arch. Virol. Suppl. 13, 105-113 (1997).
10. Johnson, N. P. & Mueller, J. Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920 'Spanish' influenza pandemic. Bull. Hist. Med. 76, 105-115 (2002).
11. Patterson, K. D. & Pyle, G. F. The geography and mortality of the 1918 influenza pandemic. Bull. Hist. Med. 65, 4-21 (1991).
12. Jordan, E. Epidemic Influenza: A Survey 355 (American Medical Association, Chicago, 1927).
13. Linder, F. E. & Grove, R. D. Vital Statistics Rates in the United States: 1900-1940, (Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1943).
14. Marks, G. & Beatty, W. K. Epidemics, (Scribner, New York City, 1976).
15. Rosenau, M. J. & Last, J. M. Maxcy-Rosenau Preventative Medicine and Public Health, (Appleton Century Crofts, New York City, 1980).
16. Taubenberger, J. K., Reid, A. H., Janczewski, T. A. & Fanning, T. G. Integrating historical, clinical and molecular genetic data in order to explain the origin and virulence of the 1918 Spanish influenza virus. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 356 1829-1839 (2001).
17. Taubenberger, J. K., Reid, A. H., Krafft, A. E., Bijwaard, K. E. & Fanning, T. G. Initial genetic characterization of the 1918 'Spanish' influenza virus. Science 275, 1793-1796 (1997).
18. Reid, A. H., Fanning, T. G., Hultin, J. V. & Taubenberger, J. K. Origin and evolution of the 1918 'Spanish' influenza virus hemagglutinin gene. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 1651-1656 (1999).
19. Reid, A. H., Fanning, T. G., Janczewski, T. A. & Taubenberger, J. K. Characterization of the 1918 'Spanish' influenza virus neuraminidase gene. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 6785-6790 (2000).
20. Basler, C. F. et al. Sequence of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus nonstructural gene (NS) segment and characterization of recombinant viruses bearing the 1918 NS genes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 2746-2751 (2001).
21. Reid, A. H., Fanning, T. G., Janczewski, T. A., McCall, S. & Taubenberger, J. K. Characterization of the 1918 'Spanish' influenza virus matrix gene segment. J. Virol. 76, 10717-10723 (2002 ).
22. Reid, A. H., Fanning, T. G., Janczewski, T. A., Lourens, R. & Taubenberger, J. K. Novel origin of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus nucleoprotein gene segment. J. Virol. (in the press).
23. Reid, A. H. & Taubenberger, J. K. The origin of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus: a continuing enigma. J. Gen. Virol. 84 2285-2292 (2003).
24. Fanning, T. G. et al. 1917 avian influenza virus sequences suggest that the 1918 pandemic virus did not acquire its hemagglutinin directly from birds. J. Virol. 76, 7860-7862 (2002).
25. Reid, A. H. et al. Relationship of pre-1918 avian influenza HA and NP sequences to subsequent avian influenza strains. Avian Dis. 47, 921-925 (2003).
26. Fanning, T. G. & Taubenberger, J. K. Phylogenetically important regions of the influenza A H1 hemagglutinin protein. Virus Res. 65, 33-42 (1999).
27. Scholtissek, C., Burger, H., Bachmann, P. A. & Hannoun, C. Genetic relatedness of hemagglutinins of the H1 subtype of influenza A viruses isolated from swine and birds. Virology 129, 521-523 (1983).
28. Brown, I. H. et al. Antigenic and genetic analyses of H1N1 influenza A viruses from European pigs. J. Gen. Virol. 78 553-562 (1997).
29. Fanning, T. G., Reid, A. H. & Taubenberger, J. K. Influenza A virus neuraminidase: regions of the protein potentially involved in virus-host interactions. Virology 276, 417-423 (2000).
30. Layne, S. P. et al. A global lab against influenza. Science 293, 1729 (2001).
31. Alexander, D. J. & Brown, I. H. Recent zoonoses caused by influenza A viruses. Rev. Sci. Tech. 19, 197-225 (2000).
32. Gensheimer, K. F. et al. Preparing for pandemic influenza: the need for enhanced surveillance. Vaccine 20 Suppl., S63-S65 (2002).