Iron-containing nodules of cirrhosis

NMR in Biomedicine

Volumn 17, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 459-464

  Zhang, Jingbo ^a   Krinsky, Glenn A ^a,b  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cirrhosis; Dysplastic nodules; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Iron deposition; Magnetic resonance; Regenerative nodules; Siderotic nodules

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL ORGANS; BIOMARKERS; DISEASE CONTROL; IRON; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING;

GENETIC HEMOCHROMATOSIS; IRON DEPOSITION; LIVER DISEASES;

DRUG PRODUCTS;

IRON; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE;

ALCOHOLISM; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DISEASE MARKER; DISEASE SEVERITY; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; HEMOSIDEROSIS; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; LIVER CANCER; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER NODULE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TISSUE REGENERATION;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; HUMANS; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; IMAGE INTERPRETATION, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; IRON; LIVER; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; SIDEROSIS;

EID: 9244227029     PISSN: 09523480     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/nbm.926     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Ludwig J, Hashimoto E, Porayko MK, Therneau TM. Hemosiderosis in cirrhosis: a study of 447 native livers. Gastroenterology 1997; 112(3): 882-888.
2. Murakami T, Nakamura H, Kuroda C, Hori S, Marukawa T, Kozuka T, Monden M, Wakasa K. Case report. Siderotic nodules in hepatic cirrhosis disappearing after biliary hemorrhage: MR imaging. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 1991; 15: 1039-1041.
3. Murakami T, Nakamura H, Hori S, Nakanishi K, Mitani T, Tsuda K, Kozuka T, Wakasa K, Monden M. CT and MRI of siderotic regenerative nodules in hepatic cirrhosis. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 1992; 16: 578-582.
4. Siegelman ES, Mitchell DG, Semelka RC. Abdominal iron deposition: metabolism, MR findings and clinical importance. Radiology 1996; 199: 13-22.
5. Krinsky GA, Lee VS, Nguyen MT, Rofsky NM, Theise ND, Morgan GR, Teperman LW, Weinreb JC. Siderotic nodules at MR imaging: regenerative or dysplastic? J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 2000; 24 5): 773-776.
6. Terada T, Nakanuma Y. Survey of iron-accumulative macroregenerative nodules in cirrhotic livers. Hepatology 1989; 10: 851-854.
7. Kadoya M, Matsui O, Kitagawa K, Kawamori Y, Yoshikawa J, Gabata T, Miyayama S, Takashima T. Segmental iron deposition in the liver due to increased intrahepatic portal perfusion: findings at MR imaging. Radiology 1994; 193: 671-676.
8. Zhou XD, DeTolla L, Custer RP, London WT. Iron, ferritin, hepatitis B surface and core antigens in the livers of Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1987; 59(8): 1430-1437.
9. Deugnier Y, Battistelli D, Jouanolle H, Guyader D, Gueguen M, Loreal O, Jacquelinet C, Bourel M, Brissot P. Hepatitis B virus infection markers in genetic haemochromatosis: a study of 272 patients. J. Hepatol. 1991; 13(3): 286-290.
10. Hezode C, Cazeneuve C, Coue O, Roudot-Thoraval F, Lonjon I, Bastie A, Duvoux C, Pawlotsky JM, Zafrani ES, Amselem S, Dhumeaux D. Liver iron accumulation in patients with chronic active hepatitis C: prevalence and role of hemochromatosis gene mutations and relationship with hepatic histological lesions. J. Hepatol. 1999; 31(6): 979-984.
11. Piperno A, D'Alba R, Fargion S, Roffi L, Sampietro M, Parma S, Arosio V, Fare M, Fiorelli G. Liver iron concentration in chronic viral hepatitis: a study of 98 patients. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1995; 7(12): 1203-1208.
12. Niederau C, Fischer R, Sonnenberg A, Stremmel W, Trampisch HJ, Strohmeyer G. Survival and causes of death in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients with primary hemochromatosis. New Engl. J. Med. 1985; 313: 1256-1262.
13. Bradbear RA, Bain C, Siskind V, Schofield FD, Webb S, Axelsen EM, Halliday JW, Bassett ML, Powell LW. Cohort study of internal malignancy in genetic hemochromatosis and other non-alcoholic liver disease. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 1985; 75: 81-84.
14. Ito K, Mitchell DG, Gabata T, Hann HW, Kim PN, Fujita T, Awaya H, Honjo K, Matsunaga N. Hepatocellular carcinoma: association with increased iron deposition in the cirrhotic liver at MR imaging. Radiology 1999; 212: 235-240.
15. Chapoutot C, Esslimani M, Joomaye Z, Ramos J, Perney P, Laurent C, Fabbro-Peray P, Larrey D, Domergue J, Blanc F. Liver iron excess in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma developed on viral C cirrhosis. Gut 2000; 46: 711-714.
16. Turlin B, Juguet F, Moirand R, Le Quilleuc D, Loreal O, Campion JP, Launois B, Ramee MP, Brissot P, Deugnier Y. Increased liver iron stores in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma developed on a noncirrhotic liver. Hepatology 1995; 22(2): 446-450.
17. Meneghini R. Iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1997; 23(5): 783-792.
18. Andrews NC. Medical Progress: disorder of iron metabolism. New Engl. J. Med. 1999; 341: 1986-1995. [Published erratum appears in New Engl. J. Med. 2000; 342: 364, see comments.]
19. Kaji K, Nakanuma Y, Sasaki M, Unoura M, Kobayashi K, Nonomura A. Hemosiderin deposition in portal endothelial cells: a novel hepatic hemosiderosis frequent in chronic viral hepatitis B and C. Hum. Pathol. 1995; 26(10): 1080-1085.
20. Beinker NK, Voigt MD, Arendse M, Smit J, Stander IA, Kirsch RE. Threshold effect of liver iron content on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in hepatitis B and C. J. Hepatol. 1996; 25(5): 633-638.
21. Kim MJ, Mitchell DG, Ito K, Kim JH, Pasqualin D, Rubin R. Hepatic iron deposition on magnetic resonance imaging: correlation with inflammatory activity. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 2002; 26 6): 988-993.
22. Van Thiel DH, Friedlander L, Fagiuoli S, Wright HI, Irish W, Gavaler JS. Response to interferon alpha therapy is influenced by the iron content of the liver. J. Hepatol. 1994; 20(3): 410-415.
23. Barton AL, Banner BF, Cable EE, Bonkovsky HL. Distribution of iron in the liver predicts the response of chronic hepatitis C infection to interferon therapy. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1995; 103(4): 419-424.
24. Boucher E, Bourienne A, Adams P, Turlin B, Brissot P, Deugnier Y. Liver iron concentration and distribution in chronic hepatitis C before and after interferon treatment. Gut 1997; 41 1): 115-120.
25. Ganne-Carrie N, Christidis C, Chastang C, Ziol M, Chapel F, Imbert-Bismut F, Trinchet JC, Guettier C, Beaugrand M. Liver iron is predictive of death in alcoholic cirrhosis: a multivariate study of 229 consecutive patients with alcoholic and/or hepatitis C virus cirrhosis: a prospective follow up study. Gut 2000; 46(2): 277-282.
26. Terada T, Kadoya M, Nakanuma Y, Matsui O. Iron accumulating adenomatous hyperplastic nodule with malignant foci in the cirrhotic liver: histopathologic, quantitative iron, and magnetic resonance imaging in vitro studies. Cancer 1990; 65: 1994-2000.
27. Mitchell DG, Rubin R, Siegelman ES, Burk DL, Rifkin MD. Hepatocellular carcinoma within siderotic regenerative nodules: the 'nodule-within-nodule' sign on MR images. Radiology 1991; 178 101-103.
28. Krinsky GA, Zivin SB, Thorner KM, Lee VS, Theise ND, Weinreb JC. Low-grade siderotic dysplastic nodules: determination of premalignant lesions on the basis of vasculature phenotype. Acad. Radiol. 2002; 9: 336-341.
29. Roncalli M, Roz E, Coggi G, Di Rocco MG, Bossi P, Minola E, Gambacorta M, Borzio M. The vascular profile of regenerative and dysplastic nodules of the cirrhotic liver: implications for diagnosis and classification. Hepatology 1999; 30: 1174-1178.
30. Morinaga S, Imada T, Shimizu A, Akaike M, Sugimasa Y, Takemiya S, Takanashi Y. Angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma as evaluated by alpha smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry. Hepatogastroenterology 2001; 48: 224-228.
31. Itai Y, Ohnishi S, Ohtomo K, Kokubo T, Yoshida H, Yoshikawa K, Imawari M. Regenerating nodules of liver cirrhosis: MR imaging. Radiology 1987; 165: 419-423.
32. Ohtomo K, Itai Y, Ohtomo Y, Shiga J, Lio M. Regenerative nodules of liver cirrhosis: MR imaging with pathologic correlation. Am. J. Radiol. 1990; 154: 505-507.
33. Murakami T, Kuroda C, Marukawa T, Harada K, Wakasa K, Sakurai M, Monden M, Kasahara A, Kawata S, Kozuka T. Regenerating nodules in hepatic cirrhosis: MR findings with pathologic correlation. Am. J. Radiol. 1990; 155: 1227-1231.
34. Koslow SA, Davis PL, DeMarino GB, Peel RL, Baron RL, Van Thiel DH. Hyperintense cirrhotic nodules on MRI. Gastrointest. Radiol. 1991; 16: 339-341.
35. Siegelman ES, Mitchell DG, Rubin R, Hann HW, Kaplan KR, Steiner RM, Rao VM, Schuster SJ, Burk DL Jr, Rifkin MD Parenchymal versus reticuloendothelial iron overload in the liver: distinction with MR imaging. Radiology 1991; 179: 361-366.
36. Siegelman ES, Mitchell DG, Outwater E, Munoz SJ, Rubin R. Idiopathic hemochromatosis: MR imaging findings in cirrhotic and precirrhotic patients. Radiology 1993; 188: 637-641.
37. Krinsky GA, Lee VS, Nguyen MT, Rofsky NM, Theise ND, Morgan GR, Teperman LW, Weinreb JC. Siderotic nodules in the cirrhotic liver at MR imaging with explant correlation: no increased frequency of dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiology 2001; 218: 47-53.
38. Earls JP, Theise ND, Weinreb JC, DeCorato DR, Krinsky GA, Rofsky NM, Mizrachi H, Teperman LW. Dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma: high resolution MRI of explanted cirrhotic livers with pathologic correlation. Radiology 1996; 201: 207-214.
39. Sadek AG, Mitchell DG, Siegelman ES, Outwater EK, Matteucci T, Hann HW. Early hepatocellular carcinoma that develops within macroregenerative nodules: growth rate depicted at serial MR imaging. Radiology 1995; 195(3): 753-756.
40. Pomerantz S, Siegelman ES. MR imaging of iron depositional disease. Magn. Reson. Imag. Clin. N. Am. 2002; 10(1): 105-120, vi.