A radiation-driven model for crown fire spread

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Volumn 34, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 1588-1599

  Butler, B W ^a   Finney, M A ^a   Andrews, P L ^a   Albini, F A ^b  

^a ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

^b MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COOLING; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; FORESTRY; FUELS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; RADIANT HEATING; RESEARCH;

CROWN FIRES; FIRE MODELLING;

FIRES;

CANOPY; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; FIRE BEHAVIOR; FOREST FIRE; RADIATIVE TRANSFER;

COOLING; EMISSIVITY; ENVIRONMENTS; FOREST FIRES; FORESTRY; FUELS; RESEARCH;

EID: 8644230300     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/X04-074     Document Type: Short Survey

References (52)

1. Albini, F.A. 1966. A physical model for firespread in brush. In Eleventh International Symposium on Combustion, The University of California, Berkeley, California, 14-20 August 1966. The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa. pp. 553-560.
2. Albini, F.A. 1981. A model for the wind-blown flame from a line fire. Combust. Flame, 43: 155-174.
3. Albini, F.A. 1985. A model for fire spread in wildland fuels by radiation. Combust. Sci. Technol. 42: 229-258.
4. Albini, F.A. 1986. Wildland fire spared by radiation: a model including fuel cooling by natural convection. Combust. Sci. Technol. 45: 101-113.
5. Albini, F.A. 1995. Final report, year one, a physical model for crown fire behavior. Mechanical Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Mont.
6. Albini, F.A. 1996. Iterative solution of the radiation transport equations governing spread of fire in wildland fuel. Fizika Goreniya I Vzriva, 32(5): 71-82. [Translated journal is printed in English as Physics of Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves.]
7. Albini, F.A. 1996. Iterative solution of the radiation transport equations governing spread of fire in wildland fuel. Fizika Goreniya I Vzriva, 32(5): 71-82. [Translated journal is printed in English as Physics of Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves.]
8. Albini, F.A. 1999. Progress report, crown fire spread rate modeling. Mechanical Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Mont.
9. Albini, F.A. 2000. Crown fire spread rate model RDCFZX: final report. Fire Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Mont. Contract 53-0343-0-0008.
10. Albini, F.A., and Baughman, R.G. 1979. Estimating wind speeds for predicting wildland fire behavior. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT-221.
11. Albini, F.A., and Stocks, B.J. 1986. Predicted and observed rates of spread of crown fires in immature jack pine. Combust. Sci. Technol. 48: 65-76.
12. Alexander, M.E. 1998. Crown fire thresholds in exotic pine plantations of Australasia. Ph.D. thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
13. Anderson, H.E. 1982. Aids to determining fuel models for estimating fire behavior. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-122.
14. Andrews, P.L. 1986. Behave: fire behavior prediction system and fuel modeling system - burn subsystem, part 1. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-194.
15. Andrews, P.L., and Queen, L.P. 2001. Fire modeling and information system technology. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 10: 343-352.
16. Baughman, R.G., and Albini, F.A. 1980. Estimating midflame windspeeds. In Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology, Seattle, Washington, 22-24 April 1980. Edited by R.E. Martin. Society of American Foresters, Washington, D.C. pp. 88-92.
17. Butler, B.W. 1993. Experimental measurements of radiant heat fluxes from simulated wildfire flames. In Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology, October 26-28, 1993, Jekyll Island, Ga. Society of American Foresters, Washington, D.C. pp.104-111.
18. Butler, B.W., Cohen, J., Latham, D.J., Schuette, R.D., Sopko, P., Shannon, K.S., Jimenez, D., and Bradshaw, L.S. 2004. Measurements of radiant emissive power and temperatures in crown fires. Can. J. For. Res. 34. This issue.
19. Byram, G.M. 1959. Combustion of forest fuels. In Forest fire: control and use. Edited by Davis K.P. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York. pp. 61-89.
20. Call, P.T. 1997. Run-time optimization of a radiation driven crown fire model. M.S. thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman, Mont.
21. Call, P.T., and Albini, F.A. 1997. Aerial and surface fuel consumption in crown fires. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 7(3): 259-264.
22. Canadian Forestry Service. 1997. Canadian forest fire prediction system. Canadian Forestry Service Fire Danger Group, Ottawa, Ont. Three-ring binder (unnumbered publication).
23. Carrier, G.F., Fendell, F.E., and Wolff, M.F. 1991. Wind-aided fire-spread across arrays of discrete fuel elements. I. Theory. Combust. Sci. Technol. 75: 31-51.
24. Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., and Rothermel, R.C. 1993. Fire behavior experiments in mixed fuel complexes. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 3: 45-47.
25. Catchpole, W.R., Catchpole, E.A., Butler, B.W., Rothermel, R.C., Morris, G.A., and Latham, D.J. 1998. Rate of spread of free-burning fires in woody fuels in a wind tunnel. Combust. Sci. Technol. 131: 1-37.
26. Cohen, J.D. 2004. Relating flame radiation to home ignition using modeling and experimental crown fires. Can. J. For. Res. 34. This issue.
27. Cruz, M.G., Alexander, M.E., and Wakimoto, R.H. 2002. Predicting crown fire behavior to support forest fire management. In Forest Fire Research and Wildland Fire Safety. Proceedings of the IV International Conference on Forest Fire Research/2002 Wildland Fire Safety Summit, 18-23 November 2002, Luso-Coimbra, Portugal. [CD-ROM]. Edited by D.X. Viegas. Millpress Scientific Publications, Rotterdam.
28. Cruz, M.G. Alexander, M.E., and Wakimoto, R.H. 2003. Assessing the probability of crown fire initiation based on fire danger indices. For. Chron. 79(5): 976-983.
29. Deeming, J.E., Burgan, R.E., and Cohen, J.D. 1977. The national fire-danger rating system. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-39.
30. Emmons, H.W. 1964. Fire in the forest. Fire Res. Abstr. Rev. 5(3): 163-178.
31. Finney, M.A. 1998. FARSITE: fire area simulator - model development and valuation. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. RMRS-RP-4.
32. Forest Canada Fire Danger Group. 1992. Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction System. Forestry Canada, Ottawa, Ont. Inf. Rep. ST-X-3.
33. Frandsen, W.H. 1971. Fire spread through porous fuels from the conservation of energy. Combust. Flame, 16: 9-16.
34. Gebhart, B. 1961. Heat transfer. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York.
35. Grishin, A.M. 1997. Mathematical modeling of forest fires and new methods of fighting them. Publishing house of the Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
36. Hottel, H.C., Williams, G.C., and Kwentus, G.K. 1971. Fuel pre-heating in free burning fires. In Thirteenth International Symposium on Combustion, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 23-29 August 1970. The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa. pp. 963-970.
37. Hottel, H.C., Williams, G.C., and Steward, F.R. 1965. The modeling of fire spread through a fuel bed. In Tenth International Symposium on Combustion. The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa. pp. 997-1007.
38. Kurbatskiy, N.P., and Telitsin, G.P. 1977. Theoretical and experimental analysis of the radiation mechanisms for the spread of forest fire. In Characteristics of the process of combustion in forests. Edited by Kane, E.V. USSR Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk. pp. 1-33.
39. Pyne, S.J., Andrews, P.L., and Liven, R.D. 1996. Introduction to wildland fire. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
40. Putnam, T., and Butler, B.W. 2004. Evaluating fire shelter performance in experimental crown fires. Can. J. For. Res. 34. This issue.
41. Rothermel, R.C. 1972. A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT-115.
42. Rothermel, R.C. 1991. Predicting behavior and size of crown fires in the northern Rocky Mountains. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. INT-438.
43. Scott J.H., and Reinhardt, E.D. 2001. Assessing crown fire potential by linking models of surface and crown fire behavior. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. RMRS-RP-29.
44. Siegel, R., and Howell, J.R. 1992. Thermal radiation heat transfer. Hemisphere Publishing, Philadelphia, Pa.
45. Stocks, B.J. 1987. Fire behavior in immature jack pine. Can J. For. Res. 17: 80-86.
46. Stocks, B.J., Alexander, M.E., Wonton, B.M., Stefner, C.N., Flannigan, M.D., Taylor, S.W. et al. 2004. Crown fire behaviour in a northern jack pine - black spruce forest. Can. J. For. Res. 34. This issue.
47. Telisin, H.P. 1974. Flame radiation as a mechanism of fire spread in forest. In Heat transfer in flames. Edited by N.H. Afgan and J.M. Beer. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
48. Thomas, P.H. 1963. The size of flames from natural fires. In Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium (International) on Combustion, 27 August - 1 September 1962, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. Academic Press Inc., New York. pp. 844-859.
49. Thomas, P.H. 1967. Some aspects of the growth and spread of fire in the open. Forestry, 40(2): 139-164.
50. Van Wagner, C.E. 1977. Conditions for the start and spread of crown fire. Can. J. For. Res. 7: 23-34.
51. Weber, RO. 1991. Modeling fire spread through fuel beds. Progress Energy Combustion Science, 17: 67-82.
52. Xanthopoulos, G. 1990. Development of a wildland crown fire initiation model. Ph.D. thesis, University of Montana, Missoula, Mont.