FARSITE: Fire Area Simulator - Model Development and Evaluation

USDA Forest Service - Research Papers RMRS

Volumn , Issue RMRS-RP-4, 1998, Pages 1-36

  Finney, Mark A ^a,b,c  

^a Systems for Environmental Management   (United States)

^b ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0346992796     PISSN: 05025001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Albini, F.A. 1976. Estimating wildfire behavior and effects. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-30.
2. Albini, F.A. 1979. Spot fire distance from burning trees - a predictive model. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-56.
3. Albini, F.A. 1982. The variability of wind-aided free-burning fires. Comb. Sci. Tech. 31:303-311.
4. Albini, F.A. and R.G. Baughman. 1979. Estimating windspeeds for predicting wildland fire behavior. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT-221.
5. Albini, F.A. and B.J. Stocks. 1986. Predicted and observed rates of spread of crown fires in immature jack pine. Comb. Sci. and Tech. 48:65-76.
6. Alexander, M.E. 1985. Estimating the length-to-breadth ratio of elliptical forest fire patterns. pp. 287-304 Proc. 8th Conf. Fire and Forest Meteorology.
7. Alexander, M.E. 1988. Help with making crown fire hazard assessments. In: Fischer, W.C. and S.F. Arno (compilers), Protecting people and homes from wildfire in the Interior West. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-251. pp. 147-156.
8. Alexander, M.E., N.P. Cheney, and A.C.F. Trevitt. 1991. Tree-crown streets and wildfires in pine plantations of Australasia. Proc. 11th Conf. Fire and Forest Meteorology, p. 167.
9. Anderson, D.H, E.A. Catchpole, N.J. DeMestre, and T. Parkes. 1982. Modeling the spread of grass fires. J. Austral. Math. Soc. (Ser. B.) 23:451-466.
10. Anderson, H.E. 1982. Aids to determining fuel models for estimating fire behavior. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-122.
11. Anderson, H.E. 1983. Predicting wind-driven wildland fire size and shape. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT-305.
12. Andre, J.C.S. and D.X. Viegas. 1994. A strategy to model the average fireline movement of a light to medium intensity surface forest fire. Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. Forest Fire Research, Coimbra 1994. pp. 221-242.
13. Andrews, P.L. 1986. BEHAVE: fire behavior prediction and fuel modeling system - BURN subsystem, Part 1. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-194.
14. Beck, J.A. and A.C.F. Trevitt. 1989. Forecasting diurnal variations in meteorological parameters for predicting fire behavior. Can. J. For. Res. 19:791-797.
15. Beer, T. 1990. The Australian National Bushfire Model Project. Mathl. Comput. Modeling 13(12):49-56.
16. Beer, T. and I.G. Enting. 1990. Fire spread and percolation modelling. Mathl. Comput. Modeling 13(11):77-96.
17. Bilgili, E. and I.R. Methven. 1990. The simple ellipse: A basic growth model. 1st Intl. Conf. on Forest Fire Research, Coimbra 1990. pp. B.18-1 to B.18-14.
18. Blackmarr, W.H. 1972. Moisture content influences ignitability of slash pine litter. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note SE-173.
19. Bradshaw, L.S, J.E. Deeming, R.E. Burgan, and J.D. Cohen. 1984. The 1978 National Fire-Danger rating system: Technical Documentation. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-169.
20. Bratten, F.W. 1978. Containment tables for initial attack on forest fires. Fire Tech. 14(4) 297-303.
21. Bunting, S.C. and H.A. Wright. 1974. Ignition capabilities of non-flaming firebrands. J. For. 646-649.
22. Burgan, R.E. 1987. Concepts and interpreted examples in advanced fuel modeling. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-238.
23. Burgan, R.E. and R.C. Rothermel. 1984. BEHAVE: Fire behavior prediction and fuel modeling system - FUEL subsystem. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep INT-167.
24. Byram, G.M. 1959. Chapter Three, Combustion of Forest Fuels. In: Davis, .K.P., Forest Fire: Control and Use. McGraw-Hill. New York.
25. Byram, G.M. and R.E. Martin. 1970. The modeling of fire whirlwinds. For. Sci. 16(4):386-399.
26. Catchpole, E.A., M.E. Alexander, and A.M. Gill. 1992. Elliptical-fire perimeter- and area-intensity distributions. Can. J. For. Res. 22:968-972.
27. Catchpole, E.A, N.J. DeMestre, and A.M. Gill. 1982. Intensity of fire at its perimeter. Aust. For. Res. 12:47-54.
28. Cheney, N.P. 1981. Fire Behavior. In: Gill, A.M., R.H. Groves, and I.R. Noble (eds.) Fire and the Australian biota. Aust. Acad. Science. Canberra.
29. Cheney, N.P. and J.S. Gould. 1997. Letter to the editor: fire growth and acceleration. Intl. J. Wildl. Fire 7(1):1-6.
30. Cheney, N.P., J.S. Gould, and W.R. Catchpole. 1993. The influence of fuel, weather, and fire shape variables on fires-spread in grasslands. Intl. J. Wildl. Fire 3(1):31-44.
31. Clark, T.L., M.A. Jenkins, J.L. Coen, and D.R. Packham. 1996a. A coupled atmospheric-fire model: convective feedback on fireline dynamics. J. App. Met. 35:875-901.
32. Clark, T.L., M.A. Jenkins, J.L. Coen, and D.R. Packham. 1996b. A coupled atmosphere-fire model: role of the convective Froude number on dynamic fingering. Intl. J. Wildl. Fire 6(4):177-190.
33. Clarke, K.C., J.A. Brass, and P.J. Riggan. 1994. A cellular automaton model of wildfire propagation and extinction. Photogrammetric Eng. and Remote Sensing 60(11):1355-1367.
34. Colemen, J.R. and A.L. Sullivan. 1996. A real-time computer application for the prediction of fire spread across the Australian landscape. Simulation 67 (4):230-240.
35. Countryman, C.M. 1964. Mass fires and fire behavior. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. PSW-19.
36. Despain, D., A. Rodman, P. Schullery, and H. Shovic. 1989. Burned area survey of Yellowstone National Park: the fires of 1988. Unpublished report, Division of Research, Yellowstone National Park.
37. Dorrer, G.A. 1993. Modelling forest fire spreading and suppression on basis of Hamilton mechanics methods. In: G.A. Dorrer (ed). Scientific Siberian A: special issue Forest Fires Modelling and Simulation. pp. 97-116.
38. Feunekes, U. 1991. Error analysis in fire simulation models. M.S. thesis, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.
39. Finney, M.A. 1994. Modeling the spread and behavior of prescribed natural fires. Proc. 12th Conf. Fire and Forest Meteorology, pp. 138-143.
40. Finney, M.A. and P.L. Andrews. [In press]. The FARSITE fire area simulator: fire management applications and lessons of summer 1994. Proc. Intr. Fire Council Mtg. November 1994, Coer D'Alene ID.
41. Finney, M.A. and K.C. Ryan. 1995. Use of the FARSITE fire growth model for fire prediction in US National Parks. Proc. The International Emergency Mgt. and Engineering Conf. May 1995 Sofia Antipolis, France. pp. 183-189.
42. Forestry Canada Fire Danger Group. 1992. Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction System., Inf. Rep. ST-X-3.
43. French, I.A. 1992. Visualisation techniques for the computer simulation of bushfires in two dimensions. M.S. thesis, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, 140 p.
44. French, I.A., D.H. Anderson, and E.A. Catchpole. 1990. Graphical simulation of bushfire spread. Math. Comput. Model. 13(12): 67-71.
45. Fujioka, F.M. 1985. Estimating wildland fire rate of spread in a spatially nonuniform environment. For. Sci. 31(1):21-29.
46. Green, D.G. 1983. Shapes of simulated fires in discrete fuels. Ecol. Mod. 20:21-32
47. Green, D.G., A.M. Gill, and I.R. Noble. 1983. Fire shapes and the adequacy of fire-spread models. Ecol. Mod. 20:33-45.
48. Hartford, R.A. and R.C. Rothermel. 1991. Moisture measurements in the Yellowstone Fires in 1988. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note INT-396.
49. Haines, D.A. 1982. Horizontal roll vortices and crown fires. J. Appl. Meteor. 21:751-763.
50. Haines, D.A. and M.C. Smith. 1987. Three types of horizontal roll vortices observed in wildland mass and crown fires. J. Clim. Appl. Meterol. 26:1624-1637.
51. Johansen, R.W. 1987. Ignition patterns and prescribed fire behavior in southern pine forests. Georgia For. Comm. For. Res. Pap. 72.
52. Karafyllidis, I. and A. Thanailakis. 1997. A model for predicting forest fire spreading using cellular automata. Ecol. Mod. 99: 87-97.
53. Knight, I. and J. Coleman. 1993. A fire perimeter expansion algorithm based on Huygens' wavelet propagation. Int. J. Wildl. Fire 3(2): 73-84.
54. Kourtz, P, S. Nozaki and W. O'Regan. 1977. Forest fires in the computer - A model to predict the perimeter location of a forest fire. Fisheries and Environment Canada. Inf. Rep. FF-X-65.
55. Kourtz, P. and W.G. O'Regan. 1971. A model for a small forest fire...to simulate burned and burning areas for use in a detection model. For. Sci. 17(2):163-169.
56. Linn, R. 1997. A transport model for prediction of wildfire behavior. LA-13334-T Thesis, Los Alamos National Laboratory.
57. Martin, R.E. 1988. Rate of spread calculation for two fuels. West J. Appl. For. 3(2):54-55.
58. McArthur, A.G. 1966. Weather and grassland fire behavior. Commonw. Aust. Dept. Natl. Develop. For. and Timber Bureau Leafl. 100, 23p.
59. McAlpine, R.S. 1989. Temporal variations in elliptical forest fire shapes. Can J. For. Res. 19:1496-1500.
60. McAlpine, R.S. and R.H. Wakimoto. 1991. The acceleration of fire from point source to equilibrium spread. For. Sci. 37(5): 1314-1337.
61. Muraszew, A. and J.B. Fedele. 1976. Statistical model for spot fire hazard. Aerospace Report ATR-77(7588)-1. Engineering Science Operations, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA. Report to USDA For. Serv. Riverside Forest Fire Laboratory, PSW Grand No. 22.
62. O'Regan, W.G., P. Kourtz, and S. Nozaki. 1976. Bias in the contagion analog to fire spread. For. Sci. 2(1):61-68.
63. Peet, G.B. 1967. The shape of mild fires in Jarrah forest. Austr. For. 31(2):121-127.
64. Pyne, S.J. 1984. Introduction to wildland fire: Fire management in the United States. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 455 p.
65. Richards, G.D. 1988. Numerical simulation of forest fires. Int. J. Numerical Methods in Engineering 25:625-633.
66. Richards, G.D. 1990. An elliptical growth model of forest fire fronts and its numerical solution. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 30: 1163-1179.
67. Richards, G.D. 1993. The properties of elliptical wildfire growth for time dependent fuel and meteorological conditions. Comb. Sci. Tech. 92:145-171.
68. Richards, GD. 1995. Ageneral mathematical framework for modeling two-dimensional wildland fire spread. Int. J. Wildl. Fire 5(2): 63-72.
69. Richards, GD. and R.W. Bryce. 1995. A computer algorithm for simulating the spread of wildland fire perimeters for heterogeneous fuel and meteorological conditions. Int. J. Wildl. Fire. 5(2):73-80.
70. Roberts, S. 1989. A line element algorithm for curve flow problems in the plane. CMA-R58-89. Centre for Mathematical Analysis, Aust. Nat. Univ. (Cited from French 1992).
71. Rothermel, R.C. 1972. A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT-115.
72. Rothermel, R.C. 1983. How to predict the spread and intensity of forest and range fires. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-143.
73. Rothermel, R.C. 1991. Predicting behavior and size of crown fires in the northern Rocky Mountains. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT-438.
74. Rothermel, R.C. 1994. Some fire behavior modeling concepts for fire management systems. In: Proc. 12th conf. Fire and Forest Meteorology, pp. 164-171.
75. Rothermel, R.C., R.A. Hartford, and C.H. Chase. 1994. Fire growth maps for the 1988 Greater Yellowstone Area Fires. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-304.
76. Rothermel, R.C. and G.C. Rinehart. 1983. Field procedures for verification and adjustment of fire behavior predictions. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-142.
77. Rothermel, R.C, R.A. Wilson, G.A. Morris, and S.S. Sackett. 1986. Modeling moisture content of fine dead wildland fuels input to the BEHAVE fire prediction system. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT-359.
78. Ryan, K.C. and E.D Reinhardt. 1988. Predicting postfire mortality of seven western conifers. Can. J. For. Res. 18:1291-1297.
79. Sanderlin, J.C. and J.M. Sunderson. 1975. A simulation for wildland fire management planning support (FIREMAN): Volume II. Prototype models for FIREMAN (PART II): Campaign Fire Evaluation. Mission Research Corp. Contract No. 231-343, Spec. 222. 249 p.
80. Sanderlin, J.C. and R. J. Van Gelder. 1977. A simulation of fire behavior and suppression effectiveness for operation support in wildland fire management. In: Proc. 1st Int. Conv. on mathematical modeling, St. Louis, MO. pp. 619-630.
81. Simard, A.J., D.A. Haines, R.W. Blank, and J.S. Frost. 1983. The Mack Lack fire. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-83.
82. Simard, A.J. and A. Young. 1978. AIRPRO and airtanker productivity simulation model. Environ. Can., Can. For. Serv., For. Fire Res. Inst. Info. Rep. FF-X-66.
83. Van Wagner, C.E. 1969. A simple fire growth model. Forestry Chron. 45:103-104.
84. Van Wagner, C.E. 1973. Height of crown scorch in forest fires. Can J. For. Res. 3:373-378.
85. Van Wagner, C.E. 1977. Conditions for the start and spread of crownfire. Can. J. For. Res. 7:23-34.
86. Van Wagner, C.E. 1988. Effect of slope on fires spreading downhill. Can. J. For. Res. 18:818-820.
87. th conf. on fire and forest meteorology. Ottawa, Canada.
88. Van Wagner, C.E. 1993. Prediction of crown fire behavior in two stands of jack pine. Can. J. For. Res. 23:442-449.
89. Von Niessen, W. and A. Blumen. 1988. Dynamic simulation of forest fires. Can. J. For. Res. 18:805-812.
90. Wade, D.D. and D.E. Ward. 1973. An analysis of the Air Force Bomb Range Fire. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. SE-105.
91. Wallace, G. 1993. A numerical fire simulation model. Intl. J. Wildl. Fire 3(2):111-116.
92. Weber, R.O. 1989. Analytical models for fire spread due to radiation. Combust. Flame 78:398-408.
93. Wilson, R. 1980. Reformulation of forest fire spread equations in SI units. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note INT-292.
94. Xu, J. and R.G. Lathrop. 1994. Geographic information system based wildfire spread simulation. Proc. 12th Conf. Fire and Forest Meteorology, pp. 477-484.