메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2023, Pages 167-190

Zooarchaeology and the ecology of oldowan hominin carnivory

Author keywords

Documenting; Paleoenvironmental; Quaternary; Technology; Zooarchaeology

Indexed keywords


EID: 85201597074     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195183474.003.0010     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (4)

References (127)
  • 1
    • 0003140748 scopus 로고
    • The expensive-tissue hypothesis: The brain and digestive system in human and primate evolution
    • Aiello, L.C., and Wheeler, P., 1995. The expensive-tissue hypothesis: The brain and digestive system in human and primate evolution. Curr. Anthropol. 36, 199-221.
    • (1995) Curr. Anthropol. , vol.36 , pp. 199-221
    • Aiello, L.C.1    Wheeler, P.2
  • 3
    • 0030455645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microwear on canines and killing behavior in large carnivores: Saber function in Smilodon fatalis
    • Anyonge, W., 1996. Microwear on canines and killing behavior in large carnivores: Saber function in Smilodon fatalis. J. Mammal. 77(4), 1059-1067.
    • (1996) J. Mammal. , vol.77 , Issue.4 , pp. 1059-1067
    • Anyonge, W.1
  • 4
    • 0000702776 scopus 로고
    • Perspectives on skeletal part profiles and utility curves from Eastern Kalahari ethnoarchaeology
    • In: Hudson, J., (Ed.), University of Southern Illinois Press, Carbondale
    • Bartram, L., 1993. Perspectives on skeletal part profiles and utility curves from Eastern Kalahari ethnoarchaeology. In: Hudson, J., (Ed.), From Bones to Behavior. University of Southern Illinois Press, Carbondale, pp. 115-137.
    • (1993) From Bones to Behavior , pp. 115-137
    • Bartram, L.1
  • 5
    • 0033016442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the "Klasies pattern": Kua ethnoarchaeol ogy, the Die Kelders Middle Stone Age archaeofauna, long bone fragmentation and car nivore ravaging
    • Bartram, L.E., and Marean, C.W., 1999. Explaining the "Klasies pattern": Kua ethnoarchaeol ogy, the Die Kelders Middle Stone Age archaeofauna, long bone fragmentation and car nivore ravaging. J. Archaeol. Sci. 26, 9-29.
    • (1999) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 9-29
    • Bartram, L.E.1    Marean, C.W.2
  • 6
    • 0022473304 scopus 로고
    • Trampling as a cause of bone surface damage and pseudo-cutmarks
    • Behrensmeyer, A.K., Gordon, K.D., and Yanagi, G.T., 1986. Trampling as a cause of bone surface damage and pseudo-cutmarks. Nature 319, 768-771.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.319 , pp. 768-771
    • Behrensmeyer, A.K.1    Gordon, K.D.2    Yanagi, G.T.3
  • 7
    • 0022239101 scopus 로고
    • Taphonomy's contribution to paleobiology
    • Behrensmeyer, A.K., and Kidwell, S. M., 1985. Taphonomy's contribution to paleobiology. Paleobiology 11, 105-119.
    • (1985) Paleobiology , vol.11 , pp. 105-119
    • Behrensmeyer, A.K.1    Kidwell, S.M.2
  • 8
    • 0030305078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incisor size and shape: Impli cations for feeding behaviors in saber-toothed "cats."
    • Biknevicius, A.R., Van Valkenburgh, B., and Walker, J., 1996. Incisor size and shape: Impli cations for feeding behaviors in saber-toothed "cats." J. Vert. Paleontol. 16(3), 510-521.
    • (1996) J. Vert. Paleontol. , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 510-521
    • Biknevicius, A.R.1    Van Valkenburgh, B.2    Walker, J.3
  • 10
    • 0006304782 scopus 로고
    • Comment on Bunn and Kroll's "Systematic butchery by Plio-Pleistocene hominids at Olduvai Gorge." Curr
    • Binford, L.R., 1986. Comment on Bunn and Kroll's "Systematic butchery by Plio-Pleistocene hominids at Olduvai Gorge." Curr. Anthropol. 27, 444-446.
    • (1986) Anthropol. , vol.27 , pp. 444-446
    • Binford, L.R.1
  • 11
    • 0002508738 scopus 로고
    • Fact and fiction about the Zinjanthropus floor: Data, arguments and in terpretations
    • Binford, L.R., 1988. Fact and fiction about the Zinjanthropus floor: Data, arguments and in terpretations. Curr. Anthropol. 29, 123-135.
    • (1988) Curr. Anthropol. , vol.29 , pp. 123-135
    • Binford, L.R.1
  • 12
    • 0001298503 scopus 로고
    • Carcass consumption sequences and the archaeological distinc tion of scavenging and hunting
    • Blumenschine, R.J., 1986a. Carcass consumption sequences and the archaeological distinc tion of scavenging and hunting. J. Hum. Evol. 15, 639-659.
    • (1986) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 639-659
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1
  • 13
    • 0004115384 scopus 로고
    • Early Hominid Scavenging Opportunities: Implications of Car cass Availability in the Serengeti and Ngorongoro Ecosystems
    • Oxford.
    • Blumenschine, R.J., 1986b. Early Hominid Scavenging Opportunities: Implications of Car cass Availability in the Serengeti and Ngorongoro Ecosystems. BAR International Series 283, Oxford.
    • (1986) BAR International Series , vol.283
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1
  • 14
    • 0001297632 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of an early hominid scavenging niche
    • Blumenschine, R.J., 1987. Characteristics of an early hominid scavenging niche. Curr. An thropol. 28, 383-407.
    • (1987) Curr. An thropol. , vol.28 , pp. 383-407
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1
  • 15
    • 0024159102 scopus 로고
    • An experimental model of the timing of hominid and carnivore in f luence on archaeological bone assemblages
    • Blumenschine, R.J., 1988. An experimental model of the timing of hominid and carnivore in f luence on archaeological bone assemblages. J. Archaeol. Sci. 15, 483-502.
    • (1988) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 483-502
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1
  • 16
    • 38249022254 scopus 로고
    • A landscape taphonomic model of the scale of prehistoric scaveng ing opportunities
    • Blumenschine, R.J., 1989. A landscape taphonomic model of the scale of prehistoric scaveng ing opportunities. J. Hum. Evol. 18, 345-371.
    • (1989) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 345-371
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1
  • 17
    • 0026433725 scopus 로고
    • Hominid carnivory, foraging strategies, and the socioeconomic function of early archaeological sites
    • Blumenschine, R.J., 1991. Hominid carnivory, foraging strategies, and the socioeconomic function of early archaeological sites. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 334, 211-221.
    • (1991) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.334 , pp. 211-221
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1
  • 18
    • 0029511653 scopus 로고
    • Percussion marks, tooth marks, and experimental determinations of the timing of hominid and carnivore access to long bones at FLK Zinjanthropus, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
    • Blumenschine, R.J., 1995. Percussion marks, tooth marks, and experimental determinations of the timing of hominid and carnivore access to long bones at FLK Zinjanthropus, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. J. Hum. Evol. 29, 21-51.
    • (1995) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.29 , pp. 21-51
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1
  • 19
    • 84990085737 scopus 로고
    • Unit flesh weights of some East African bovids
    • Blumenschine. R.J., and Caro, T.M., 1986. Unit flesh weights of some East African bovids. Afr. J. Ecol. 24, 273-286.
    • (1986) Afr. J. Ecol. , vol.24 , pp. 273-286
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1    Caro, T.M.2
  • 20
    • 0027006605 scopus 로고
    • Scavenging and human evolution
    • Blumenschine, R.J., and Cavallo, J.A., 1992. Scavenging and human evolution. Sci. Am. 247, 90-96.
    • (1992) Sci. Am. , vol.247 , pp. 90-96
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1    Cavallo, J.A.2
  • 21
    • 38249003142 scopus 로고
    • Variability in long bone marrow yields of East African ungulates and its zooarchaeological implications
    • Blumenschine, R.J., and Madrigal, T.C., 1993. Variability in long bone marrow yields of East African ungulates and its zooarchaeological implications. J. Archaeol. Sci. 20, 555-587.
    • (1993) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 555-587
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1    Madrigal, T.C.2
  • 22
    • 0002766265 scopus 로고
    • A carnivore's view of archaeological bone As semblages
    • In: Hudson, J., (Ed.), University of Southern Illi nois Press, Carbondale
    • Blumenschine, R.J., and Marean, C.W., 1993. A carnivore's view of archaeological bone As semblages. In: Hudson, J., (Ed.), From Bones to Behavior. University of Southern Illi nois Press, Carbondale, pp. 273-300.
    • (1993) From Bones to Behavior , pp. 273-300
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1    Marean, C.W.2
  • 23
    • 0000445678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blind tests of interanalyst corre spondence and accuracy in the identification of cut marks, percussion marks, and carni vore tooth marks on bone surfaces
    • Blumenschine, R.J., Marean, C.W., and Capaldo, S.D., 1996. Blind tests of interanalyst corre spondence and accuracy in the identification of cut marks, percussion marks, and carni vore tooth marks on bone surfaces. J. Archaeol. Sci. 23, 493-507.
    • (1996) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.23 , pp. 493-507
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1    Marean, C.W.2    Capaldo, S.D.3
  • 24
    • 85201635861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broad-scale landscape traces of Oldowan hominid land use at Olduvai Gorge, and the Olduvai Landscape Paleoanthro pology Project
    • in press. In: Mapunda, B.B.B., and Msemwa, P. (Eds.). University of Dar Es Salaam Press.
    • Blumenschine, R.J., Masao, F.T., and Peters, C.P., in press. Broad-scale landscape traces of Oldowan hominid land use at Olduvai Gorge, and the Olduvai Landscape Paleoanthro pology Project. In: Mapunda, B.B.B., and Msemwa, P. (Eds.), Salvaging the Cultural Heritage of Tanzania. University of Dar Es Salaam Press.
    • Salvaging the Cultural Heritage of Tanzania
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1    Masao, F.T.2    Peters, C.P.3
  • 25
    • 0032100208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaeological predictions for hominid land use in the paleo-Olduvai Basin, Tanzania, during lowermost Bed II times
    • Blumenschine, R.J., and Peters, C.R., 1998. Archaeological predictions for hominid land use in the paleo-Olduvai Basin, Tanzania, during lowermost Bed II times. J. Hum. Evol. 34, 565-607.
    • (1998) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.34 , pp. 565-607
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1    Peters, C.R.2
  • 26
    • 44649159635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertebrate taphonomic perspectives on Oldowan hominin land use in the Plio Pleistocene Olduvai basin, Tanzania
    • In: Pickering, T., Schick, K., and Toth, N. (Eds.). Bloomington: CRAFT Press (Indiana University). In press.
    • Blumenschine, R.J., Peters, C.R., Capaldo, S.D., Andrews, P., Njau, J.K., and Pobiner, B.L., 2006. Vertebrate taphonomic perspectives on Oldowan hominin land use in the Plio Pleistocene Olduvai basin, Tanzania. In: Pickering, T., Schick, K., and Toth, N. (Eds.), African Taphonomy: A Tribute to the Career of C. K. "Bob" Brain. Bloomington: CRAFT Press (Indiana University). In press.
    • (2006) African Taphonomy: A Tribute to the Career of C. K. "Bob" Brain
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1    Peters, C.R.2    Capaldo, S.D.3    Andrews, P.4    Njau, J.K.5    Pobiner, B.L.6
  • 28
    • 0023756956 scopus 로고
    • Percussion marks on bone surfaces as a new diagnostic of hominid behaviour
    • Blumenschine, R.J., and Selvaggio, M.M., 1988. Percussion marks on bone surfaces as a new diagnostic of hominid behaviour. Nature 333, 763-765.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.333 , pp. 763-765
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1    Selvaggio, M.M.2
  • 29
    • 0002327306 scopus 로고
    • On the marks of marrow bone processing by hammerstones and hyenas: Their anatomical patterning and archaeological implica tions
    • In: Clark, J.D. (Ed.), Dr. R. Habelt GMBH, Bonn
    • Blumenschine, R. J., and Selvaggio, M.M., 1991. On the marks of marrow bone processing by hammerstones and hyenas: Their anatomical patterning and archaeological implica tions. In: Clark, J.D. (Ed.), Cultural Beginnings. Dr. R. Habelt GMBH, Bonn, pp. 17-32.
    • (1991) Cultural Beginnings , pp. 17-32
    • Blumenschine, R.J.1    Selvaggio, M.M.2
  • 31
    • 0001118216 scopus 로고
    • Archaeological evidence for meat-eating by Plio-Pleistocene hominids from Koobi Fora and Olduvai Gorge
    • Bunn, H.T., 1981. Archaeological evidence for meat-eating by Plio-Pleistocene hominids from Koobi Fora and Olduvai Gorge. Nature 291, 547-577.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.291 , pp. 547-577
    • Bunn, H.T.1
  • 33
    • 0001105875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bone assemblages from the excavated sites
    • In: Isaac, G. (Ed.), Vol. 5: Plio-Pleistocene Archaeology. Clarendon Press, Oxford
    • Bunn, H.T., 1997. The bone assemblages from the excavated sites. In: Isaac, G. (Ed.), Koobi Fora Research Project. Vol. 5: Plio-Pleistocene Archaeology. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 402-458.
    • (1997) Koobi Fora Research Project , pp. 402-458
    • Bunn, H.T.1
  • 34
    • 0003116162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hunting, power scavenging, and butchering by Hadza foragers and by Plio Pleistocene Homo
    • In: Stanford, C.B., and Bunn, H.T. (Eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Bunn, H.T., 2001. Hunting, power scavenging, and butchering by Hadza foragers and by Plio Pleistocene Homo. In: Stanford, C.B., and Bunn, H.T. (Eds.), Meat Eating and Human Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 199-281.
    • (2001) Meat Eating and Human Evolution , pp. 199-281
    • Bunn, H.T.1
  • 35
    • 0142003959 scopus 로고
    • Hunting and scavenging by Plio-Pleistocene hominids: Nu tritional constraints, archaeological patterns, and behavioral implications
    • Bunn, H.T., and Ezzo, J.A., 1993. Hunting and scavenging by Plio-Pleistocene hominids: Nu tritional constraints, archaeological patterns, and behavioral implications. J. Archaeol. Sci. 20, 365-398.
    • (1993) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 365-398
    • Bunn, H.T.1    Ezzo, J.A.2
  • 36
    • 0000320373 scopus 로고
    • Systematic butchery by Plio/Pleistocene hominids at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
    • Bunn, H.T., and Kroll, E.M., 1986. Systematic butchery by Plio/Pleistocene hominids at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Curr. Anthropol. 27, 431-452.
    • (1986) Curr. Anthropol. , vol.27 , pp. 431-452
    • Bunn, H.T.1    Kroll, E.M.2
  • 37
    • 0031277434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental determinations of carcass processing by Plio-Pleistocene hominids and carnivores at FLK 22 (Zinjanthropus), Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
    • Capaldo, S.D., 1997. Experimental determinations of carcass processing by Plio-Pleistocene hominids and carnivores at FLK 22 (Zinjanthropus), Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. J. Hum. Evol. 33, 555-597.
    • (1997) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.33 , pp. 555-597
    • Capaldo, S.D.1
  • 38
    • 0031869681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating the formation of dual-patterned archaeofaunal assemblages with experimental control samples
    • Capaldo, S.D., 1998. Simulating the formation of dual-patterned archaeofaunal assemblages with experimental control samples. J. Archaeol. Sci. 25, 311-330.
    • (1998) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 311-330
    • Capaldo, S.D.1
  • 39
    • 0000634263 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative diagnosis of notches made by hammerstone percussion and carnivore gnawing on bovid long bones
    • Capaldo, S.D., and Blumenschine, R.J., 1994. A quantitative diagnosis of notches made by hammerstone percussion and carnivore gnawing on bovid long bones. Am. Antiq. 59, 724-748.
    • (1994) Am. Antiq. , vol.59 , pp. 724-748
    • Capaldo, S.D.1    Blumenschine, R.J.2
  • 40
    • 85201594495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental determinations of carcass processing by hominids and carnivores, and intersite variability at FLK 22 (Zinjanthro pus), FLKN 1-2, FLKN 3, and FLKNN 3, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania.
    • in prep
    • Capaldo, S.D., Johnson, P., and Pante, M.C., in prep. Experimental determinations of carcass processing by hominids and carnivores, and intersite variability at FLK 22 (Zinjanthro pus), FLKN 1-2, FLKN 3, and FLKNN 3, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania.
    • Capaldo, S.D.1    Johnson, P.2    Pante, M.C.3
  • 41
    • 38249021975 scopus 로고
    • Tree-stored leopard kills: Expanding the ho minid scavenging niche
    • Cavallo, J.A., and Blumenschine, R.J., 1989. Tree-stored leopard kills: Expanding the ho minid scavenging niche. J. Hum. Evol. 18, 393-399.
    • (1989) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 393-399
    • Cavallo, J.A.1    Blumenschine, R.J.2
  • 42
    • 0032857267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Browsing and grazing in elephants: The isotope record of modern and fossil proboscideans
    • Cerling, T.E., Harris, J.M., and Leakey, M.G., 1999. Browsing and grazing in elephants: The isotope record of modern and fossil proboscideans. Oecologia 120, 364-374.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.120 , pp. 364-374
    • Cerling, T.E.1    Harris, J.M.2    Leakey, M.G.3
  • 43
    • 0037565012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diets of East African bovids based on sta ble isotope analysis
    • Cerling, T.E, Harris, J.M., and Passey, B.H., 2003. Diets of East African bovids based on sta ble isotope analysis. J. Mammal. 84, 456-470.
    • (2003) J. Mammal. , vol.84 , pp. 456-470
    • Cerling, T.E1    Harris, J.M.2    Passey, B.H.3
  • 45
    • 0001254009 scopus 로고
    • The predatory transition from ape to man
    • Dart, R.A., 1953. The predatory transition from ape to man. Int. Anthropol. Ling. Rev. 1, 201-219.
    • (1953) Int. Anthropol. Ling. Rev. , vol.1 , pp. 201-219
    • Dart, R.A.1
  • 47
    • 0031448606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meat-eating by early hominids at the FLK 22 Zinjanthropus site, Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): An experimental approach using cut-mark data
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., 1997. Meat-eating by early hominids at the FLK 22 Zinjanthropus site, Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): An experimental approach using cut-mark data. J. Hum. Evol. 33, 669-690.
    • (1997) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.33 , pp. 669-690
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo, M.1
  • 48
    • 0344867885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flesh availability and bone modifications in carcasses con sumed by lions: Palaeoecological relevance in hominid foraging patterns
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., 1999. Flesh availability and bone modifications in carcasses con sumed by lions: Palaeoecological relevance in hominid foraging patterns. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 149, 373-388.
    • (1999) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. , vol.149 , pp. 373-388
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo, M.1
  • 49
    • 0036121914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hunting and scavenging by early humans: the state of the de bate
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., 2002. Hunting and scavenging by early humans: the state of the de bate. J. World Prehist. 16, 1-54.
    • (2002) J. World Prehist. , vol.16 , pp. 1-54
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo, M.1
  • 50
    • 13444279926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutmarked bones from Pliocene archaeological sites at Gona, Ethiopia: Implications for the function of the world's oldest stone tools
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., Pickering, T.R., Semaw, S., and Rogers, M.J., 2005. Cutmarked bones from Pliocene archaeological sites at Gona, Ethiopia: Implications for the function of the world's oldest stone tools. J. Hum. Evol. 48, 109-121.
    • (2005) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.48 , pp. 109-121
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo, M.1    Pickering, T.R.2    Semaw, S.3    Rogers, M.J.4
  • 51
    • 0141976193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of tooth pits to identify carnivore taxa in tooth-marked archaeofaunas and their relevance to reconstruct hominid carcass processing behaviours
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., and Piqueras, A, 2003. The use of tooth pits to identify carnivore taxa in tooth-marked archaeofaunas and their relevance to reconstruct hominid carcass processing behaviours. J. Archaeol. Sci. 20, 1385-1391.
    • (2003) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 1385-1391
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo, M.1    Piqueras, A2
  • 52
    • 0347197149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Processing intensity and cutmark creation: An experimental approach
    • Egeland, C.P., 2003. Processing intensity and cutmark creation: An experimental approach. Plains Anthropol. 48, 39-51.
    • (2003) Plains Anthropol. , vol.48 , pp. 39-51
    • Egeland, C.P.1
  • 53
    • 85201575935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • experimental manifes tations of large mammal butchery: Increasing the reliability of inferences of prehistoric subsistence behavior. Society for American Archaeology, Denver, CO
    • Egeland, C.P., Hill, M.G., and Byerly, R.M., 2002. Archaeological vs. experimental manifes tations of large mammal butchery: Increasing the reliability of inferences of prehistoric subsistence behavior. Society for American Archaeology, Denver, CO.
    • (2002) Archaeological vs
    • Egeland, C.P.1    Hill, M.G.2    Byerly, R.M.3
  • 54
    • 84972434084 scopus 로고
    • Functional analysis of sabertooth cranial morphology
    • Emerson, S.B., and Radinsky, L., 1980. Functional analysis of sabertooth cranial morphology. Paleobiology 6, 295-312.
    • (1980) Paleobiology , vol.6 , pp. 295-312
    • Emerson, S.B.1    Radinsky, L.2
  • 55
    • 0033129384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cut marks on small mammals at Olduvai Gorge Bed-I
    • Fernandez-Jalvo, Y., Andrews, P., and Denys, C., 1999. Cut marks on small mammals at Olduvai Gorge Bed-I. J. Hum. Evol. 36, 587-589.
    • (1999) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.36 , pp. 587-589
    • Fernandez-Jalvo, Y.1    Andrews, P.2    Denys, C.3
  • 56
    • 0008823023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary consequences of increased carnivory in hominids
    • In: Stan ford, C.B., and Bunn, H.T. (Eds.), Oxford Univer sity Press, Oxford
    • Foley, R., 2001. The evolutionary consequences of increased carnivory in hominids. In: Stan ford, C.B., and Bunn, H.T. (Eds.), Meat Eating and Human Evolution. Oxford Univer sity Press, Oxford, pp. 305-331.
    • (2001) Meat Eating and Human Evolution , pp. 305-331
    • Foley, R.1
  • 57
    • 0026281678 scopus 로고
    • Ecology and energetics of encephalization in hominid evo lution
    • Foley, R.A., and Lee, P.C., 1991. Ecology and energetics of encephalization in hominid evo lution. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 334, 223-232.
    • (1991) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.334 , pp. 223-232
    • Foley, R.A.1    Lee, P.C.2
  • 58
    • 84981932398 scopus 로고
    • Shipman's shaky foundations
    • Gifford-Gonzalez, D., 1989. Shipman's shaky foundations. Am. Anthropol. 91, 180-186.
    • (1989) Am. Anthropol. , vol.91 , pp. 180-186
    • Gifford-Gonzalez, D.1
  • 59
    • 0000788374 scopus 로고
    • Bones are not enough: Analogues, knowledge, and interpretive strategies in zooarchaeology
    • Gifford-Gonzalez, D., 1991. Bones are not enough: Analogues, knowledge, and interpretive strategies in zooarchaeology. J. Anthrop. Archaeol. 10, 215-254.
    • (1991) J. Anthrop. Archaeol. , vol.10 , pp. 215-254
    • Gifford-Gonzalez, D.1
  • 60
    • 0036159234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary adaptations of extant and Neogene African suids
    • Harris, J. M., and Cerling, T.E., 2002. Dietary adaptations of extant and Neogene African suids. J. Zool. Lond. 256, 45-54.
    • (2002) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.256 , pp. 45-54
    • Harris, J.M.1    Cerling, T.E.2
  • 62
    • 84981910347 scopus 로고
    • Why hunters gather: Optimal foraging and the Ache of eastern Paraguay
    • Hawkes, K., Hill, K., and O'Connell, J.F., 1982. Why hunters gather: Optimal foraging and the Ache of eastern Paraguay. Am. Ethnol. 9, 379-398.
    • (1982) Am. Ethnol. , vol.9 , pp. 379-398
    • Hawkes, K.1    Hill, K.2    O'Connell, J.F.3
  • 63
    • 0020926186 scopus 로고
    • A guide for differentiating mammalian carnivore taxa responsible for gnaw damage to herbivore limb bones
    • Haynes, G., 1983. A guide for differentiating mammalian carnivore taxa responsible for gnaw damage to herbivore limb bones. Paleobiology 9, 164-172.
    • (1983) Paleobiology , vol.9 , pp. 164-172
    • Haynes, G.1
  • 64
    • 0036668895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone diagenesis: An overview of processes
    • Hedges, R.E.M., 2002. Bone diagenesis: An overview of processes. Archaeometry 44, 319-328.
    • (2002) Archaeometry , vol.44 , pp. 319-328
    • Hedges, R.E.M.1
  • 65
    • 0000698115 scopus 로고
    • Depositional environments, archeolog ical occurrences and hominids from Members E and F of the Shungura Formation (Omo Basin, Ethiopia)
    • Howell, F.C., Haesaerts, P., and de Heinzelin, J., 1987. Depositional environments, archeolog ical occurrences and hominids from Members E and F of the Shungura Formation (Omo Basin, Ethiopia). J. Hum. Evol. 16, 665-700.
    • (1987) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.16 , pp. 665-700
    • Howell, F.C.1    Haesaerts, P.2    de Heinzelin, J.3
  • 66
    • 0017953850 scopus 로고
    • The food-sharing behavior of proto human hominids
    • Isaac, G.L., 1978. The food-sharing behavior of proto human hominids. Sci. Am. 238, 90-108.
    • (1978) Sci. Am. , vol.238 , pp. 90-108
    • Isaac, G.L.1
  • 68
    • 84964973343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sites stratified within the KBS tuff: Reports
    • In: Isaac, G.L. (Ed.), Vol 5: Plio-Pleistocene Archaeology. Claren don Press, Oxford
    • Isaac, G.L., and Harris, J.W.K., 1997. Sites stratified within the KBS tuff: Reports. In: Isaac, G.L. (Ed.), Koobi Fora Research Project. Vol 5: Plio-Pleistocene Archaeology. Claren don Press, Oxford, pp. 71-114.
    • (1997) Koobi Fora Research Project , pp. 71-114
    • Isaac, G.L.1    Harris, J.W.K.2
  • 69
    • 0002909281 scopus 로고
    • To what extent were early hominids carnivorous? An ar chaeological perspective
    • In: Harding, R.S.O., and Teleki, G. (Eds.), Columbia University Press, New York
    • Isaac, G.L., and Crader, D.C., 1981. To what extent were early hominids carnivorous? An ar chaeological perspective. In: Harding, R.S.O., and Teleki, G. (Eds.), Omnivorous Pri mates: Gathering and Hunting in Human Evolution. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 37-103.
    • (1981) Omnivorous Pri mates: Gathering and Hunting in Human Evolution , pp. 37-103
    • Isaac, G.L.1    Crader, D.C.2
  • 71
    • 0028590961 scopus 로고
    • Pliocene archaeological occurrences in the Lake Turkana basin
    • Kibunjia, M., 1994. Pliocene archaeological occurrences in the Lake Turkana basin. J. Hum. Evol. 27, 159-171.
    • (1994) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.27 , pp. 159-171
    • Kibunjia, M.1
  • 73
    • 0030946336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative primate energetics and hominid evo lution
    • Leonard, W.R., and Robertson, M.L., 1997. Comparative primate energetics and hominid evo lution. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 102, 265-281.
    • (1997) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.102 , pp. 265-281
    • Leonard, W.R.1    Robertson, M.L.2
  • 74
    • 0000225634 scopus 로고
    • The biological basis for seasonal increments in dental cementum and their application to archaeological research
    • Lieberman, D., 1994. The biological basis for seasonal increments in dental cementum and their application to archaeological research. J. Archaeol. Sci. 21, 525-539.
    • (1994) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 525-539
    • Lieberman, D.1
  • 75
    • 85201581243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimentally derived extraction rates for marrow: implications for body part exploitation strategies of Plio-Pleistocene hominid scavengers
    • Lupo, K.D., 1998. Experimentally derived extraction rates for marrow: implications for body part exploitation strategies of Plio-Pleistocene hominid scavengers. J. Hum. Evol. 33, 657-675.
    • (1998) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.33 , pp. 657-675
    • Lupo, K.D.1
  • 76
    • 0001608229 scopus 로고
    • On optimal use of a patchy environment
    • MacArthur, R.H., and Pianka, E. R., 1966. On optimal use of a patchy environment. Am. Nat. 100, 603-609.
    • (1966) Am. Nat. , vol.100 , pp. 603-609
    • MacArthur, R.H.1    Pianka, E.R.2
  • 77
    • 0033865974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential processing of high return rate marrow bones by Oldowan hominids: A comment on Lupo
    • Madrigal, T.C., and Blumenschine, R.J., 2000. Preferential processing of high return rate marrow bones by Oldowan hominids: A comment on Lupo. J. Archaeol. Sci. 27, 739-741.
    • (2000) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 739-741
    • Madrigal, T.C.1    Blumenschine, R.J.2
  • 78
    • 0024928176 scopus 로고
    • Sabertoothed cats and their relevance for early hominid diet and evolu tion
    • Marean, C.W., 1989. Sabertoothed cats and their relevance for early hominid diet and evolu tion. J. Hum. Evol. 18, 559-582.
    • (1989) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 559-582
    • Marean, C.W.1
  • 79
    • 21844512330 scopus 로고
    • Of taphonomy and zooarchaeology
    • Marean, C.W., 1995. Of taphonomy and zooarchaeology. Evol. Anthropol. 4, 64-72.
    • (1995) Evol. Anthropol. , vol.4 , pp. 64-72
    • Marean, C.W.1
  • 80
    • 0032147729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critique of the evidence for scavenging by Neandertals and early mod ern humans: New data from Kobeh Cave (Zagros Mountains, Iran) and Die Kelders Cave 1 Layer 10 (South Africa)
    • Marean, C.W., 1998. A critique of the evidence for scavenging by Neandertals and early mod ern humans: New data from Kobeh Cave (Zagros Mountains, Iran) and Die Kelders Cave 1 Layer 10 (South Africa). J. Hum. Evol. 35, 111-136.
    • (1998) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.35 , pp. 111-136
    • Marean, C.W.1
  • 81
    • 0033243411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zooarchaeological evidence for the faunal exploitation behavior of Neandertals and early modern humans
    • Marean, C.W., and Assefa, Z., 1999. Zooarchaeological evidence for the faunal exploitation behavior of Neandertals and early modern humans. Evol. Anthropol. 8, 22-37.
    • (1999) Evol. Anthropol. , vol.8 , pp. 22-37
    • Marean, C.W.1    Assefa, Z.2
  • 82
    • 0029502224 scopus 로고
    • Paleoanthropological and paleoecological implica tions of the taphonomy of a sabertooth's den
    • Marean, C.W., and Ehrhardt, C.L., 1995. Paleoanthropological and paleoecological implica tions of the taphonomy of a sabertooth's den. J. Hum. Evol. 29, 515-547.
    • (1995) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.29 , pp. 515-547
    • Marean, C.W.1    Ehrhardt, C.L.2
  • 83
    • 0000896189 scopus 로고
    • Impact of carnivore ravaging on zooarchaeological measures of element abundance
    • Marean, C.W., and Spencer, L.M., 1991. Impact of carnivore ravaging on zooarchaeological measures of element abundance. Am. Antiq. 56, 645-658.
    • (1991) Am. Antiq. , vol.56 , pp. 645-658
    • Marean, C.W.1    Spencer, L.M.2
  • 84
    • 0026486488 scopus 로고
    • Captive hyena bone choice and destruction, the schlepp effect, and Olduvai archaeofaunas
    • Marean, C.W., Spencer, L.M., Blumenschine, R.J., and Capaldo, S.D., 1992. Captive hyena bone choice and destruction, the schlepp effect, and Olduvai archaeofaunas. J. Archaeol. Sci. 19, 101-121.
    • (1992) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 101-121
    • Marean, C.W.1    Spencer, L.M.2    Blumenschine, R.J.3    Capaldo, S.D.4
  • 85
    • 38149144945 scopus 로고
    • Food sharing and body part representation in Okiek faunal assemblages
    • Marshall, F., 1994. Food sharing and body part representation in Okiek faunal assemblages. J. Archaeol. Sci. 21, 65-77.
    • (1994) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 65-77
    • Marshall, F.1
  • 86
    • 0342656331 scopus 로고
    • Prodromus of the paleoecology of the Plio-Pleistocene fossil birds from the early man sites of Omo and Hadar, Ethiopia, and Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
    • Pa per presented at the Sixth International Council for Archaeozoology, Washington DC
    • Matthiesen, D.G., n.d.. Prodromus of the paleoecology of the Plio-Pleistocene fossil birds from the early man sites of Omo and Hadar, Ethiopia, and Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Pa per presented at the Sixth International Council for Archaeozoology, Washington DC, 1990.
    • (1990)
    • Matthiesen, D.G.1
  • 87
    • 0002782792 scopus 로고
    • Archaeological occurrences of earlier Pleistocene age from the Shungura Formation
    • In: Coppens, Y., Howell, F. C., Isaac, G. Ll., and Leakey, R. E. F. (Eds.), Uni versity of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Merrick, H.V., and Merrick, J.P.S., 1987. Archaeological occurrences of earlier Pleistocene age from the Shungura Formation. In: Coppens, Y., Howell, F. C., Isaac, G. Ll., and Leakey, R. E. F. (Eds.), Earliest Man and Environments in the Lake Rudolf Basin. Uni versity of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 574-584.
    • (1987) Earliest Man and Environments in the Lake Rudolf Basin , pp. 574-584
    • Merrick, H.V.1    Merrick, J.P.S.2
  • 88
    • 0030479150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New zooarchaeological data from Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: Implications for hominid behavior in the Early Pleistocene
    • Monahan, C.M., 1996. New zooarchaeological data from Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: Implications for hominid behavior in the Early Pleistocene. J. Hum. Evol. 31, 93-128.
    • (1996) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.31 , pp. 93-128
    • Monahan, C.M.1
  • 90
    • 32144452367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A diagnosis of crocodile feeding traces on larger mammal bone, with examples from the Plio-Pleistocene Olduvai Basin, Tanzania
    • Njau, J. K., and Blumenschine, R. J., 2006. A diagnosis of crocodile feeding traces on larger mammal bone, with examples from the Plio-Pleistocene Olduvai Basin, Tanzania. J. Hum. Evol. 50, 142-162.
    • (2006) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.50 , pp. 142-162
    • Njau, J.K.1    Blumenschine, R.J.2
  • 91
    • 0002935557 scopus 로고
    • Alywara plant use and optimal foraging theory
    • In: Winterhalder, B., and Smith, E. A. (Eds.), University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • O'Connell, J.F., and Hawkes, K., 1981. Alywara plant use and optimal foraging theory. In: Winterhalder, B., and Smith, E. A. (Eds.), Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Strategies: Ethnographic and Archeological Analyses. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 99-125.
    • (1981) Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Strategies: Ethnographic and Archeological Analyses , pp. 99-125
    • O'Connell, J.F.1    Hawkes, K.2
  • 92
    • 0029475633 scopus 로고
    • Landscape perspectives on possible land use pat terns for early hominids in the Olduvai basin
    • Peters, C.P., and Blumenschine, R.J., 1995. Landscape perspectives on possible land use pat terns for early hominids in the Olduvai basin. J. Hum. Evol. 29, 321-362.
    • (1995) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.29 , pp. 321-362
    • Peters, C.P.1    Blumenschine, R.J.2
  • 93
    • 0003138903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape perspectives on possible land use patterns for early hominids in the Olduvai basin, Tanzania. Part II: Expanding the landscape mod els
    • In: Magori, C., Saanane, C.B., and Schrenk, F. (Eds.), Mary Douglas Leakey's Outstanding Con tribution in Paleoanthropology, Kaupia 6. Darmstadter Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte, Darmstadt
    • Peters, C.P., Blumenschine, R.J., 1996. Landscape perspectives on possible land use patterns for early hominids in the Olduvai basin, Tanzania. Part II: Expanding the landscape mod els. In: Magori, C., Saanane, C.B., and Schrenk, F. (Eds.), Four Million Years of Hominid Evolution in Africa: Papers in Honour of Dr. Mary Douglas Leakey's Outstanding Con tribution in Paleoanthropology, Kaupia 6. Darmstadter Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte, Darmstadt, pp. 175-221.
    • (1996) Four Million Years of Hominid Evolution in Africa: Papers in Honour of Dr , pp. 175-221
    • Peters, C.P.1    Blumenschine, R.J.2
  • 95
    • 23844457575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribu tion of limb bone fracture patterns to reconstructing early hominid behavior at Swartkrans Cave (South Africa): Archaeological application of a new analytical method
    • Pickering, T.R., Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., Egeland, C.P., and Brain, C.K., 2005. The contribu tion of limb bone fracture patterns to reconstructing early hominid behavior at Swartkrans Cave (South Africa): Archaeological application of a new analytical method. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 15, 247-260.
    • (2005) Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. , vol.15 , pp. 247-260
    • Pickering, T.R.1    Domínguez-Rodrigo, M.2    Egeland, C.P.3    Brain, C.K.4
  • 96
    • 0034082825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutmarks on a Plio-Pleistocene hominid from Sterkfontein, South Africa
    • Pickering, T.R., White, T.D., and Toth, N., 2000. Cutmarks on a Plio-Pleistocene hominid from Sterkfontein, South Africa. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 111, 579-584.
    • (2000) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.111 , pp. 579-584
    • Pickering, T.R.1    White, T.D.2    Toth, N.3
  • 97
    • 33745188656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flaked stones and old bones: Biological and cultural evolution at the dawn of technology
    • Plummer, T., 2004. Flaked stones and old bones: Biological and cultural evolution at the dawn of technology. Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. 47, 118-164.
    • (2004) Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.47 , pp. 118-164
    • Plummer, T.1
  • 98
    • 0033081864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on late Pliocene Oldowoan sites at Kanjera South, Kenya
    • Plummer, T., Bishop, L.C., Ditchfield, P., and Hicks, J., 1999. Research on late Pliocene Oldowoan sites at Kanjera South, Kenya. J. Hum. Evol. 36, 151-170.
    • (1999) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.36 , pp. 151-170
    • Plummer, T.1    Bishop, L.C.2    Ditchfield, P.3    Hicks, J.4
  • 100
    • 12944279884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A taphonomic perspective on the Oldowan ho minid encroachment on the carnivoran paleoguild
    • Pobiner, B.L., and Blumenschine, R.J., 2003. A taphonomic perspective on the Oldowan ho minid encroachment on the carnivoran paleoguild. J. Taph. 1, 115-141.
    • (2003) J. Taph. , vol.1 , pp. 115-141
    • Pobiner, B.L.1    Blumenschine, R.J.2
  • 101
    • 34548529008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strengthening the inferential link between cutmark fre quency data and Oldowan hominid behavior: Results from modern butchery experi ments
    • Pobiner, B.L., and Braun, D.R., 2005. Strengthening the inferential link between cutmark fre quency data and Oldowan hominid behavior: Results from modern butchery experi ments. J. Taph. 3, 107-119.
    • (2005) J. Taph. , vol.3 , pp. 107-119
    • Pobiner, B.L.1    Braun, D.R.2
  • 102
    • 0002823645 scopus 로고
    • Food and feeding habits
    • In: Ross, C. A., and Garnett, S. (Eds.), Facts on File, New York
    • Pooley, A.C., 1989. Food and feeding habits. In: Ross, C. A., and Garnett, S. (Eds.), Croco diles and Alligators. Facts on File, New York, pp. 76-91.
    • (1989) Croco diles and Alligators , pp. 76-91
    • Pooley, A.C.1
  • 103
    • 0001004708 scopus 로고
    • Cutmarks made by stone tools on bones from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
    • Potts, R.B., and Shipman, P., 1981. Cutmarks made by stone tools on bones from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Nature 291, 577-580.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.291 , pp. 577-580
    • Potts, R.B.1    Shipman, P.2
  • 104
    • 0004416236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut morphology and the avoidance of carrion among chimpanzees, baboons, and early hominids
    • Ragir, S., Rosenberg, M., and Tierno, P., 2000. Gut morphology and the avoidance of carrion among chimpanzees, baboons, and early hominids. J. Anthropol. Res. 56, 477-512.
    • (2000) J. Anthropol. Res. , vol.56 , pp. 477-512
    • Ragir, S.1    Rosenberg, M.2    Tierno, P.3
  • 105
    • 0033529069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early hominid stone tool production and technical skill 2.34 Myr ago in West Turkana, Kenya
    • Roche, H., Delagnes, A., Brugal, J.P., Feibel, C., Kibunjia, M., Mourre, V., and Texier, P.-J., 1999. Early hominid stone tool production and technical skill 2.34 Myr ago in West Turkana, Kenya. Nature 399, 57-60.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 57-60
    • Roche, H.1    Delagnes, A.2    Brugal, J.P.3    Feibel, C.4    Kibunjia, M.5    Mourre, V.6    Texier, P.-J.7
  • 106
    • 0032418202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The site of Ain Hanech revisited: new investigations at this Lower Pleistocene site in northern Algeria
    • Sahnouni, M., and de Heinzelin, J., 1998. The site of Ain Hanech revisited: new investigations at this Lower Pleistocene site in northern Algeria. J. Archaeol. Sci. 25, 1083-1101.
    • (1998) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 1083-1101
    • Sahnouni, M.1    de Heinzelin, J.2
  • 108
    • 0028554455 scopus 로고
    • Carnivore tooth marks and stone tool butchery marks on scavenged bones: Archaeological implications
    • Selvaggio, M.M., 1994. Carnivore tooth marks and stone tool butchery marks on scavenged bones: Archaeological implications. J. Hum. Evol. 27, 215-228.
    • (1994) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.27 , pp. 215-228
    • Selvaggio, M.M.1
  • 109
    • 0031849945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a three-stage sequence of hominid and carnivore in volvement with long bones at FLK Zinjanthropus, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
    • Selvaggio, M.M., 1998. Evidence for a three-stage sequence of hominid and carnivore in volvement with long bones at FLK Zinjanthropus, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. J. Archaeol. Sci. 25, 191-202.
    • (1998) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 191-202
    • Selvaggio, M.M.1
  • 110
    • 0035003742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying the involvement of multiple carnivore taxa with archaeological bone assemblages
    • Selvaggio, M.M., and Wilder, J., 2001. Identifying the involvement of multiple carnivore taxa with archaeological bone assemblages. J. Archaeol. Sci. 28, 465-470.
    • (2001) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 465-470
    • Selvaggio, M.M.1    Wilder, J.2
  • 112
    • 84982361291 scopus 로고
    • Scavenging or hunting in early hominids: theoretical frameworks and tests
    • Shipman, P., 1986. Scavenging or hunting in early hominids: theoretical frameworks and tests. Am. Anthropol. 88, 27-43.
    • (1986) Am. Anthropol. , vol.88 , pp. 27-43
    • Shipman, P.1
  • 113
    • 0001925953 scopus 로고
    • Altered bones from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: Techniques, problems, and implications of their recognition
    • In: Bonnichsen, R., and Sorg, M. (Eds.), Center for the Study of the First Americans, Orono, Maine
    • Shipman, P., 1989. Altered bones from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: Techniques, problems, and implications of their recognition. In: Bonnichsen, R., and Sorg, M. (Eds.), Bone Modifi cation. Center for the Study of the First Americans, Orono, Maine, pp. 247-258.
    • (1989) Bone Modifi cation , pp. 247-258
    • Shipman, P.1
  • 114
    • 0021553980 scopus 로고
    • Mastodon butchery: microscopic evidence of carcass processing and bone tool use
    • Shipman, P., Fisher, D.C., and Rose, J.J., 1984. Mastodon butchery: microscopic evidence of carcass processing and bone tool use. Paleobiology 10, 358-365.
    • (1984) Paleobiology , vol.10 , pp. 358-365
    • Shipman, P.1    Fisher, D.C.2    Rose, J.J.3
  • 115
    • 0002170703 scopus 로고
    • Early hominid hunting, butchering and carcass-processing behaviors: Approaches to the fossil record
    • Shipman, P., and Rose, J., 1983. Early hominid hunting, butchering and carcass-processing behaviors: Approaches to the fossil record. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2, 57-98.
    • (1983) J. Anthropol. Archaeol. , vol.2 , pp. 57-98
    • Shipman, P.1    Rose, J.2
  • 116
    • 0006356689 scopus 로고
    • Cutmark mimics on modern and fossil bovid bones
    • Shipman, P., and Rose, J., 1984. Cutmark mimics on modern and fossil bovid bones. Curr. Anthropol. 25, 116-117.
    • (1984) Curr. Anthropol. , vol.25 , pp. 116-117
    • Shipman, P.1    Rose, J.2
  • 117
    • 0031064963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary adaptations of Plio-Pleistocene Bovidae: Implications for ho minid habitat use
    • Spencer, L.M., 1997. Dietary adaptations of Plio-Pleistocene Bovidae: Implications for ho minid habitat use. J. Hum. Evol. 32, 201-228.
    • (1997) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.32 , pp. 201-228
    • Spencer, L.M.1
  • 118
    • 0039515180 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variability in early hominid predation
    • Speth, J.D., and Davis, D.D., 1976. Seasonal variability in early hominid predation. Science 192, 441-445.
    • (1976) Science , vol.192 , pp. 441-445
    • Speth, J.D.1    Davis, D.D.2
  • 119
    • 0030543032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hunting ecology of wild chimpanzees: Implications for the evolu tionary ecology of Pliocene hominids
    • Stanford, C.B., 1996. The hunting ecology of wild chimpanzees: Implications for the evolu tionary ecology of Pliocene hominids. Am. Anthropol. 98, 96-113.
    • (1996) Am. Anthropol. , vol.98 , pp. 96-113
    • Stanford, C.B.1
  • 120
    • 0028605401 scopus 로고
    • Early hominid utilization of fish resources and implications for season ality and behavior
    • Stewart, K.M., 1994. Early hominid utilization of fish resources and implications for season ality and behavior. J. Hum. Evol. 27, 229-245.
    • (1994) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.27 , pp. 229-245
    • Stewart, K.M.1
  • 122
    • 0025596263 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the guild of larger terrestrial carnivores in the Plio- Pleis tocene of Africa
    • Turner, A., 1990. The evolution of the guild of larger terrestrial carnivores in the Plio- Pleis tocene of Africa. Geobios 23, 349-368.
    • (1990) Geobios , vol.23 , pp. 349-368
    • Turner, A.1
  • 123
    • 0025632555 scopus 로고
    • Molar microwear and diet in large carnivores: inferences concerning diet in the sabretooth cat, Smilodon fatalis
    • Van Valkenburgh, B., Teaford, M.F., and Walker, A., 1990. Molar microwear and diet in large carnivores: inferences concerning diet in the sabretooth cat, Smilodon fatalis. J. Zool. Lond. 222, 319-340.
    • (1990) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.222 , pp. 319-340
    • Van Valkenburgh, B.1    Teaford, M.F.2    Walker, A.3
  • 125
    • 0001248652 scopus 로고
    • The effects of termites (Isoptera) on bone: Some ar chaeological implications
    • Watson, J.A.L., and Abbey, H.M., 1986. The effects of termites (Isoptera) on bone: Some ar chaeological implications. Sociobiology 11, 245-254.
    • (1986) Sociobiology , vol.11 , pp. 245-254
    • Watson, J.A.L.1    Abbey, H.M.2
  • 126
    • 20444476763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plio-Pleistocene Carnivora of eastern Africa: Species richness and turnover patterns
    • Werdelin, L., and Lewis, M.E., 2005. Plio-Pleistocene Carnivora of eastern Africa: Species richness and turnover patterns. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 144, 121-144.
    • (2005) Zool. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.144 , pp. 121-144
    • Werdelin, L.1    Lewis, M.E.2
  • 127
    • 0040320647 scopus 로고
    • Cut marks and early hominids: evidence for skinning
    • Wilson, M.C., 1982. Cut marks and early hominids: evidence for skinning. Nature 298, 303.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.298 , pp. 303
    • Wilson, M.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.