Thailand's Hidden Workforce: Burmese Migrant Women Factory Workers

Thailand's Hidden Workforce: Burmese Migrant Women Factory Workers

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-206

  Pearson, Ruth ^a   Kusakabe, Kyoko ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Thailand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85199824269     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (94)

1. ACMECS (2004). ‘Ayeyawady–Chao Phraya–Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy’. ACMECS Ministerial Retreat, Krabi, Thailand, 2 November, www.acmecs.org/index.php.
2. Amnesty International (2005). ‘Thailand: The Plight of Burmese Migrant Workers’. AI Index. New York: Amnesty International.
3. Archavanitkul, K. (2002). Research Direction and Knowledge about Migrants (Thai). Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Thailand.
4. Arnold, D. (2004). The Situation of Burmese Migrant Workers in Mae Sot, Thailand. Working Papers Series, No. 71. City University of Hong Kong.
5. Arnold, D. (2006). ‘Capital Expansion and Migrant Workers: Flexible Labour in the Thai–Burma Border Economy’. M.A. dissertation, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University, Thailand.
6. Arnold, D., and K. Hewison (2005). ‘Exploitation in Global Supply Chains: Burmese Migrant Workers in Mae Sot, Thailand’. Journal of Contemporary Asia 35(3).
7. Arnold, D., and J. Pickles (2011). ‘Global Work, Surplus Labour, and the Precarious Economies of the Border’. Antipode 43(5).
8. Asian Human Rights Commission (2005). Update on Urgent Appeal. Asian Human Rights Commission, Hong Kong, 16 September.
9. Asian Research Center for Migration (ARCM), Institute for Population and Social Research (IPSR), and Thailand Development Research Institute Foundation (TDRI) (2004). Thailand: Improving the Management of Foreign Workers: Case Studies on Five Industrial Sectors’. Prepared for the International Organization for Migration and International Labour Organization (ILO), International Organization for Migration, Mission with Regional Functions, Bangkok.
10. Aung, K., and S.L. Aung (2009). Critical Times: Migrants and the Economy in Chiang Mai and Mae Sot. Chiang Mai: MAP Foundation.
11. Barrientos, A. (2007). ‘Does Vulnerability Create Poverty Traps?’, Working Paper No. 76, Chronic Poverty Research Centre, University of Manchester.
12. Behrman, J.R., A.B. Deolalikar et al. (2001). ‘The Effects of the Thai Economic Crisis and of Thai Labour Market Policies on Labour Market Outcomes: Executive Summary’. TDRI Quarterly Review 16(3): 3–9.
13. Caouette, T.M. (2001). Small Dreams Beyond Reach: The Lives of Migrant Children and Youth Along the Borders of China, Myanmar and Thailand, London: Save the Children UK.
14. Caouette, T.M., et al. (2006). Labour Migration in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Bangkok: Rockefeller Foundation.
15. Chalamwong, Y., and S. Amornthum (2002). Thailand: Improving Migration Policy Management with Special Focus on Irregular Labour Migration Analysis of Thai Labour Market. Bangkok: Thailand Development Research Institute Foundation.
16. Charoenlert, V., and B. Thanachaisettavuth (1997). Industrial Development Policy and Migrant Employment. Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Thailand.
17. Charoenlert, V., and B. Thanachaisettavuth (eds) (2001). Wikrit sethakid sangkhom kpa anakot reng gann thai [Socio-economic Crisis and the Future of Thai labour]. 2540 chut plien prathet thai (1997 Turning point of Thailand), Political Economy Center.
18. Chulalongkorn University (2003). Migrant Workers from Burma and Thailand: Policy Review and Protection Mechanisms, Commemorating 10 years of Policy Governing Migrant Workers from Burma. Proceedings of a seminar on Reviewing Policies and Creating Mechanisms to Protect Migrant Workers. Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
19. Davin, D. (1998). ‘Gender and Migration in China’. In Village Inc.: Chinese Rural Society in the 1990s, ed. F. Christiansen and Z. Junzuo. London: Curzon.
20. Ekachai, S (2007). ‘A Place To Learn: An Oasis for Migrant Children Thirsty for Education’, Stateless Person, Human Rights Sub-Committee on Ethnic Minorities, Stateless, Migrant Workers and Displaced Persons, Lawyers Council of Thailand.
21. Elson, D., and R. Pearson (1981). ‘“Nimble Fingers Make Cheap Workers”: An Analysis of Women’s Employment in Third World Export Manufacturing’. Feminist Review 7: 87–107.
22. ESCAP (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific) (2003). Social Safety Nets for Women. Studies on Gender and Development. New York: United Nations.
23. Fink, C. (2009). Living Silence: Burma under Military Rule. London and New York: Zed Books.
24. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung and Women Workers’ Unity Group (n.d.). For Thailand’s Woman Workers: Twelve Years of Struggle, Bangkok, http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/thailand/50112.pdf.
25. Fröbel, F., J. Heinrichs and O. Kreye. (1980) The New International Division of Labour. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26. FTUB (Federation of Trade Unions – Burma) (2004). Brief Report on Child Migrant Workers from Burma in Thailand, Case study — Mae Sot.
27. FTUB Migrants Section and P.S. Robertson Jr (2006) ‘The Mekong Challenge – Working Day and Night: The Plight of Migrant Child Workers in Mae Sot, Thailand’. Mekong Sub-Regional Project to Combat Trafficking in Children and Women. International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour, International Labour Organization, Bangkok.
28. Gillogly, K. (2004). ‘Developing the “Hill Tribes” of Northern Thailand’. In Civilizing the Margins: Southeast Asian Government Policies for the Development of Minorities, ed. C.R. Duncan. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.
29. Harada, Y., and I. Yasuhisa (1998). Thai Keizai Nyumon [Japanese] [Introduction to the Thai Economy]. Tokyo: Nihon Hyouron-sha.
30. Hayami, Y. (2004). Between Hills and Plains: Power and Practice in Socioreligious Dynamics Among Karen. Kyoto Area Studies on Asia. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press and Trans Pacific Press.
31. Hicken, A. (ed.) (2008). The Politics of Economic Recovery in Thailand and the Philippines. Crisis as Catalyst: Asia’s Dynamic Political Economy. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.
32. Hochschild, A. (2000). ‘Global Care Chains and Emotional Surplus Value’. In On the Edge: Living with Global Capitalism, ed. W. Hutton and A. Giddens. London: Jonathan Cape.
33. Huguet, J.W. (2007). ‘Thailand’s Policy Approach to Irregular Migration’. In The Contribution of Migrant Workers to Thailand: Towards Policy Development, ed. P. Martin. Bangkok: International Labour Office.
34. Huguet, J.W., and S. Punpuing (2005). International Migration in Thailand. Bangkok: International Organization for Migration.
35. Human Rights Watch. (2010). From the Tiger to the Crocodile: Abuse of Migrant Workers in Thailand. New York.
36. Hveem, P., and E.B. Than Doke (2004). Hidden Exploitation: Burmese Migrants in Thai Garment Factories — Hidden Sub-contracting by Tommy Hilfiger Corporation and Other Brands, Mae Sot, Thailand. Oslo: Norwegian Church Aid.
37. ILO (International Labour Organization) (2002). Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture. Geneva.
38. ILO (International Labour Organization), Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. (2007). Labour and Social Trends in ASEAN 2007: Integration, Challenges and Opportunities. Bangkok.
39. IOM (International Organization for Migration) (2005). COA Thailand Burmese Cultural Profile: A Tool for Settlement Workers. Bangkok.
40. Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI), The Institute for Population and Social Research (IPSR) and Mahidol University (2003). Research Project: Demand of Migrant Worker in Thailand 2003–2005. Submitted to the National Security Council, Prime Minister’s Office, October.
41. Joekes, S. (1987). Women in the World Economy. New York: Oxford University Press.
42. Kojima, Y. (2007). Women in the Trafficking–Migration Continuum:From the Perspective of Human Rights and Social Justice. Maastricht: Shaker Publishing.
43. Kusakabe, K. (2006). Reconciling Work and Family: Issues and Policies in Thailand. Conditions of Work and Employment Series, No. 14. Conditions of Work and Employment Programme. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
44. Kusakabe, K., and R. Pearson (2010). ‘Transborder Migration, Social Reproduction and Economic Development: A Case Study of Burmese Women Workers in Thailand’. International Migration 48(6): 13–43.
45. Lee, C.K. (1998). Gender and the South Asian Miracle: Two Worlds of Factory Women. Berkeley: University of California Press.
46. Ling, D. (2007). ‘Burmese Migrant Workers’ Access to Health Care Services in Thailand’. M.Sc. thesis. Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok.
47. Luthichai, S. (2003). ‘The Views of Employers towards Foreign Labour in Samut Sakorn Province’ [Thai]. Master’s thesis. Mahidol University, Thailand.
48. MAP Foundation (n.d.). ‘The Regulation of Migrant Workers following the MOUs’, www.mapfoundationcm.org/Eng/MOUupdate.html.
49. Martin, P. (2007). The Contribution of Migrant Workers to Thailand: Towards Policy Development. Bangkok: International Labour Office.
50. Martin, P., et al. (2004). Thailand: Improving the Management of Foreign Workers. Bangkok: Asian Research Center for Migration.
51. McCargo, D.J. (2008). Tearing apart the Land: Islam and Legitimacy in Southern Thailand. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.
52. McCarthy, S. (2010). ‘Legitimacy under Military Rule: Burma’. Politics & Policy 38(3): 545–69.
53. Mekong Migration Network and Asian Migration Centre (2008). Migration in the Greater Mekong Subregion Resource Book: In-depth Study — Arrest, Detention and Deportation. Hong Kong: Clear Cut Publishing.
54. Ministry of Labour (2005). Year Book of Labour Protection and Welfare Statistics, 2004. Bangkok.
55. Naing, S. Y. (2008). ‘Economic Slowdown Hits Burmese Migrant Workers in Thailand’. Irrawady News, 28 November 2008.
56. Ngai, Pun (2005). Made in China: Women Factory Workers in a Global Workplace. Durham NC: Duke University Press.
57. Nwe, T.T. (2003). ‘Gendered Spaces: Women in Burmese Society’. Transformations 6, February.
58. ODI (Overseas Development Institute) (2011). Mapping Progress: Evidence for a New Development Outlook. London.
59. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board (2003). ‘Thai Border Economic Cooperation’. PowerPoint presentation.
60. Ogena, N., et al. (1997). Globalization with Equity: Policies for Growth in Thailand, Nakhon Pathom Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Thailand.
61. Pearson, E., et al. (2006). ‘Mekong Challenge — Underpaid, Overworked and Overlooked: The Realities of Young Migrant Workers in Thailand’, Mekong Sub-regional Project to Combat Trafficking in Children and Women. Bangkok: International Labour Office.
62. Pearson, R. (1995). ‘Gender Perspectives on Health and Safety in Information Processing: Learning from International Experience’. In Women Encounter Technology: Changing Patterns of Employment in the Third World, ed. W. Mitter and S. Rowbotham. London: Routledge.
63. Pearson, R., and K. Kusakabe (2012) ‘Who Cares? Gender, Reproduction and Care Chains of Burmese Migrant Factory Workers in Thailand’. Feminist Economics, Special Issue on Gender and Migration, 19(2), April.
64. Pearson, R., and G. Seyfang (2001). ‘New Hope or False Dawn? Voluntary Codes of Conduct, Labour Regulation and Social Policy in a Globalising World’. Global Social Policy 1(1): 49–78.
65. Pearson, R., and G. Seyfang (2002). ‘’I’ll tell you what I want.…’ Women Workers and Codes of Conduct’. In Corporate Responsibility and Labour Rights: Codes of Conduct in the Global Economy, ed. R. Jenkins, R. Person and G. Seyfang. London: Earthscan.
66. Phillips, A., and B. Taylor (1980). ‘Sex and Skills: Notes towards a Feminist Economics’. Feminist Review 6: 79–88.
67. Phongpaichit, P., and C. Baker (1998). Thailand’s Boom and Bust. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
68. Phongpaichit, P., and C. Baker (2000). Thailand’s Crisis. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
69. Pollock, J. (2006). Cross-border Migration: Burma–Thailand. Paper presented at Asian Consultation on Gender, Migration and Citizenship, ARI–NUS and IDRC, Singapore.
70. Pollock, J., and S.L. Aung (2010). ‘Critical Times: Gendered Implications of the Economic Crisis for Migrant Workers from Burma/Myanmar in Thailand’. Gender and Development 18(2): 213–27.
71. Pornthipsathern, S. (2003). ‘Social Problems Caused by Employment of Foreign Workers at See-Moom Muang Market in Pathumthani Province’ (Thai). Master’s thesis. Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
72. Punpuing, S., et al. (2006). The Mekong Challenge: Underpaid, Overworked and Overlooked — The Realities of Young Migrant Workers in Thailand, Vol. 2. International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour. Bangkok: International Labour Organization.
73. Razavi, S. (1999). ‘Export-Oriented Employment, Poverty and Gender: Contested Accounts’. Development and Change 30: 653–83.
74. Sciortino, R., and S. Punpuing (2009). International Migration in Thailand. Bangkok: International Organization for Migration.
75. Seekins, D.M. (2009). ‘Myanmar 2008; Hardship, Compounded’. Asian Survey 49(1): 166–73.
76. Shafaeddin, S.M. (2004). ‘Is China’s Accession to WTO Threatening Exports of Developing Countries?’ China Economic Review 15(2): 109–44.
77. Skeldon, R. (1999). ‘Migration in Asia after the Economic Crisis: Patterns and Issues’. Asia–Pacific Population Journal 14(3): 3–24.
78. Somers, M.R. (1994). ‘The Narrative Construction of Identity: A Relational and Network Approach’. Theory and Society 23: 605–49.
79. Stratton, A. (2008) ‘Burma Referendum Begins While Aid Trickles In’. Guardian, 10 May 2008.
80. Suehiro, A. (2000). Catch Up Gata Kougyou-ron [Catching up Industrialization], Tokyo: Nagoya University Press.
81. TDRI (Thailand Development Research Institute) (2002). Thailand Economic Information Kit, www.info.tdri.or/th; accessed March 2006.
82. Thammasak, A. (1998) Workers’ Situation and Needs for Remuneration: A Comparative Study between Thai and Foreign Workers in Samutprakan Province (in Thai), M.A. dissertation, Mahidol University, Thailand.
83. Theobald, S. (2001) ‘Working for Global Factories: Thai Women in Electronics Export Companies in the Northern Regional Industrial Estate’, in Women and Work in Globalizing Asia, ed. D.S. Gills and N. Piper. London: Routledge.
84. Traitongyoo, K. (2008). ‘The Management of Irregular Migration in Thailand: Thainess, Identity and Citizenship’. Ph.D. thesis, School of Politics and International Studies, University of Leeds.
85. Tsuneishi, T. (2005). The Regional Development Policy of Thailand and Its Economic Cooperation with Neighbouring Countries. Institute of Development Economics, Japan External Trade Organization, Tokyo.
86. Turnell, S., A. Vicary and W. Bradford (2010). ‘Migrant Worker Remittances and Burma: An Economic Analysis of Survey Results’. Burma Economic Watch, Macquarie University, Sydney.
87. UN–INSTRAW (2007). The Feminization of International Labour Migration. New York: United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women.
88. UNCHR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) (2011). Global Appeal 2011 Update: Restoring Hope Rebuilding Lives: Thailand. Geneva.
89. Unger, D. (1998). Building Social Capital in Thailand: Fibres, Finance and Infrastructure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
90. Wai, M. (2004). A Memoir of Burmese Workers: From Slave Labour to Illegal Migrant Workers. Bangkok: Thai Action Committee for Democracy in Burma (TACDB).
91. Wansiripaisan, P. (2002). Foreign Labour Employment: Social Impact and the Role of Civil Society. Bangkok: National Research Council of Thailand.
92. World Vision and Asian Research Center for Migration (2003). Research Report on Migration and Deception of Migrant Workers in Thailand. Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
93. Yeates, N. (2009). Globalizing Care Economies and Migrant workers: Explorations in Global Care Chain. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
94. Yimprasert, J., and P. Hveem (2005). The Race to the Bottom: Exploitation of Workers in the Global Garment Industry. Oslo: Norwegian Church Aid.