Prior-conviction Sentencing Enhancements: Rationales and Limits Based on Retributive and Utilitarian Proportionality Principles and Social Equality Goals

Previous Convictions at Sentencing: Theoretical and Applied Perspectives

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 117-136

  Frase, Richard S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85186638035     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (27)

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9. Frase, RS (2005) ‘Excessive Prison Sentences, Punishment Goals, and the Eighth Amendment: “Proportionality” Relative to What?' 89 Minnesota Law Review 571.
10. Frase, RS (forthcoming) ‘What Explains Persistent Racial Disproportionality in Minnesota’s Prison and Jail Populations?' 38 Crime & Justice: A Review of Research.
11. Garland, BE, Spohn, C and Wodahl, EJ (2008) ‘Racial Disproportionality in the American Prison Population: Using the Blumstein Method to Address the Critical Race and Justice Issue of the 21st Century’ 5 Justice Policy Journal (http://www.cjcj.org/files/racial_disproportionality.pdf).
12. Hampton, J (1988) ‘Punishment as Defeat’ in JG Murphy and J Hampton, Forgiveness and Mercy (New York, Cambridge University Press).
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