Electroreception and Electrogenesis

The Physiology of Fishes: Third Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 429-470

  Albert, James S ^a   Crampton, William G R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA AT LAFAYETTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85152854306     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9781420058093-16     Document Type: Chapter

References (251)

1. Aguilera, P. A. and Caputi, A. A., Electroreception in G. carapo: detection of changes in waveform of the electrosensory signals, J Exp. Biol. 206 (6), 989-998, 2003.
2. Aguilera, P. A., Castello, M. E., and Caputi, A. A., Electroreception in Gymnotus carapo: differences between self-generated and conspecific-generated signal carriers, J. Exper. Biol. 204 (2), 185-198, 2001.
3. Akoev, G., Andrianov, G. N., Szabo, T., and Bromm, B., Neuropharmacological analysis of synaptic transmission in the Lorenzinian ampulla of the skate Raja clavata, J. Comp. Physiol. A 168 (6), 639-646, 1991.
4. Albert, J. S., Species diversity and phylogenetic systematics of American knifefishes (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei), Miscellaneous Publications Museum Zoology University of Michigan 190, 1-129, 2001.
5. Albert, J. S. and Crampton, W. G. R., Diversity and phylogeny of neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes). In Electroreception, Bullock, T. H., Hopkins, C. D., Popper, A. N., and Fay, R. R. (Eds.), in press.
6. Albert, J. S., Lannoo, M. J., and Yuri, T., Testing hypotheses of neural evolution in gymnotiform electric fishes using phylogenetic character data, Evolution 52 (6), 1760-1780, 1998.
7. Albert, J. S., Yamamoto, N., Yoshimoto, M., Sawai, N., and Ito, H., Visual thalamotelencephalic pathways in the sturgeon Acipenser, a non-teleost actinopterygian fish, Brain Behav. Evol. 53 (3), 156-172, 1999.
8. Amagai, S., Friedman, M. A., and Hopkins, C. D., Time coding in the midbrain of mormyrid electric fish. I. Physiology and anatomy of cells in the nucleus exterolateralis pars anterior, J. Comp. Physiol. A 182 (2), 115-130, 1998.
9. Andres, K. H., Düring, M. V., and Petrasch, E., The fine structure of ampullary and tuberous electroreceptors in the South American blind catfish, Pseudocetopsis spec., Anat. Embryo. 177, 523-535, 1988.
10. Ardanaz, J. L., Silva, A., and Macadar, O., Temperature sensitivity of the electric organ discharge waveform in Gymnotus carapo, J. Comp. Physiol. A 187 (11), 853-864, 2001.
11. Arnegard, M. E. and Hopkins, C. D., Electric signal variation among seven blunt-snouted Brienomyrus species (Teleostei: Mormyridae) from a riverine species flock in Gabon, Central Africa, Environ. Biol. Fishes 67 (4), 321-339, 2003.
12. Assad, C., Rasnow, B., and Stoddard, P. K., Electric organ discharges and electric images during electrolocation, J. Exp. Biol. 202 (10), 1185-1193, 1999.
13. Assad, C., Rasnow, B., Stoddard, P. K., and Bower, J. M., The electric organ discharges of the gymnotiform fishes: II. Eigenmannia, J. Comp. Physiol. A 183 (4), 419-432, 1998.
14. Baffa, O. and Correa, S. L., Magnetic and electric characteristics of the electric fish Gymnotus carapo, Biophys. J. 63 (2), 591-593, 1992.
15. Baron, V. D., Possible role of electroreception in the behavior of weakly electric fishes, Sensory Systems 8, 217-224, 1994.
16. Baron, V. D. and Mikhailenko, N. A., Uranoscopus scaber: a transitional form in the evolution of electric organ in fish, Doklady Akademii Nauk 229, 290-293, 1976.
17. Baron, V. D., Orlov, A. A., and Golubtsov, A. S., African Clarias catfish elicits long-lasting weak electric pulses, Experientia 50 (7), 644-647, 1994.
18. Baron, V. D., Orlov, A. A., and Golubtsov, A. S., Discovery of electric discharges in the African catfish Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Siluriformes: Bagridae) (in Russian), Doklady Akademii Nauk 349, 565-567, 1996.
19. Barriviera, M. L., Louro, S. R. W., Wajnberg, E., and Hasson-Voloch, A., Denervation alters proteinlipid interactions in membrane fractions from electrocytes of Electrophorus electricus (L.), Biophys. Chem. 91 (1), 93-104, 2001.
20. Bass, A., Electric organs revisited: Evolution of a vertebrate communication and orientation organ. In Electroreception, Bullock, T. and Heiligenberg, W. (Eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, 13-70.
21. Bass, A. and Baker, R., Evolution of homologous vocal control traits, Brain Behav. Evol. 38, 240-254, 1991.
22. Bass, A. H. and Baker, R., Phenotypic specification of hindbrain rhombomeres and the origins of rhythmic circuits in vertebrates, Brain Behavior and Evolution 50, 3-16, 1997.
23. Bastian, J., Electroreception. In Comparative Perception, Stebbins, W. C. and Berkley, M. A. (Eds.), Wiley, New York, 1990, 35-88.
24. Bastian, J., Schniederjan, S., and Nguyenkim, J., Arginine vasotocin modulates a sexually dimorphic communication behavior in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus, J. Exp. Biol. 204 (11), 1909-1924, 2001.
25. Bastian, J., Chacron, M. J., and Maler, L., Plastic and nonplastic pyramidal cells perform unique roles in a network capable of adaptive redundancy reduction, Neuron 41 (5), 767-779, 2004.
26. Bell, C., Bodznick, D., Montgomery, J., and Bastian, J., The generation and subtraction of sensory expectations within cerebellum-like structures, Brain Behav. Evol. 50, 17-31, 1997.
27. Bell, C. C., Memory-based expectations in electrosensory systems, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 11 (4), 481-487, 2001.
28. Bell, C. C., Evolution of cerebellum-like structures, Brain Behav. Evol. 59 (5-6), 312-326, 2002.
29. Bell, C. C., Myers, J. P., and Russell, C. J., Electric organ discharge patterns during dominance related behavioral displays in Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae), J. Comp. Physiol. 92, 201-228, 1974.
30. Bennett, M. V. L., Electric organs. In Fish Physiology, Hoar, W. S. and Randal, D. J. (Eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1971, 346-491.
31. Bennett, M. V. L. and Grundfest, H., The electrophysiology of electric organs of marine electric fishes: II. The electroplaques of main and accessory organs of Narcine brasiliensis, J. Gen. Physiol. 44, 1961.
32. Bennett, M. V. L. and Clusin, W. T., Transduction at electroreceptors: origin of sensitivity. In Membrane Transduction Mechanisms, Cone, R. A. and Dowling, J. E. (Eds.), Raven Press, New York, 1979, 91-116.
33. Bensouilah, M., Roesler, R., Schugardt, C., Kirschbaum, F., and Denizot, J. P., Larval electroreceptor organs in the epidermis of larvae of Campylomormyrus cassaicus and Pollimyrus isidori (Mormyridae, Osteoglossomorpha), Cybium 24 (3), 41-47, 2000.
34. Benton, M., The Fossil Record 2, Chapman and Hall, London, 1993.
35. Berra, T. M., Freshwater Fish Distribution, Academic Press, San Diego, 2001.
36. Bleckmann, H., Reception of Hydrodynamic Stimuli in Aquatic and Semi Aquatic Animals, Gustav Fischer, New York, 1994.
37. Bleckmann, H., Mogdans, J., and Fleck, A., Integration of hydrodynamic information in the hindbrain of fishes, Mar. Freshwater Behav. Physiol. 27 (2-3), 77-94, 1996.
38. Blonder, B. I. and Alevizon, W. S., Prey discrimination and electroreception in the stingray Dasyatis sabina, Copeia (1), 33-36, 1988.
39. +)-ATPase in the resting and stimulated electric organ of the electric fish Narcine brasiliensis, J. Biol. Chem. 266 (16), 10254-10259, 1991.
40. Bodznick, D. and Preston, D. G., Physiological characterization of electroreceptors in the lampreys Icthyomyzon unicuspis and Petromyzon marinus, J. Comp. Physiol. 152, 209-217, 1983.
41. Bodznick, D. and Boord, R. L., Electroreception in Chondrichthyes: central anatomy and physiology. In Electroreception, Bullock, T. and Heiligenberg, W. (Eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, 103-156.
42. Bodznick, D., Montgomery, J. C., and Carey, M., Adaptive mechanisms in the elasmobranch hindbrain, J. Exp. Biol. 202 (10), 1357-1364, 1999.
43. Bratton, B. O. and Ayers, J. L., Observations on the electric discharge of two skate species (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) and its relationship to behavior, Environ. Biol. Fishes 20, 241-254, 1987.
44. Bratton, B. O. and Kramer, B., Patterns of the electric organ discharge during courtship and spawning in the mormyrid fish, Pollimyrus isidori, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 24, 349-368, 1989.
45. Bratton, B. O. and Williamson, R., Waveform characteristics of the skate electric organ discharge, J. Comp. Physiol. A 173, 741, 1993.
46. Braun, H. A., Wissing, H., Schaefer, K., and Hirsch, M. C., Oscillation and noise determine signal transduction in shark multimodal sensory cells, Nature 367s, 270-273, 1994.
47. Budelli, R. and Caputi, A. A., The electric image in weakly electric fish: perception of objects of complex impedance, J. Exp. Biol. 203 (3), 481-492, 2000.
48. Budelli, R., Caputi, A., Gomez, L., Rother, D., and Grant, K., The electric image in Gnathonemus petersii, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 421-429, 2002.
49. Bullock, T. H., Seeing the world through a new sense: electroreception in fish, Amer. Scientist 61, 316-325, 1973.
50. Bullock, T. H., The future of research on electroreception and electrocommunication, J. Exp. Biol. 202 (10), 1455-1458, 1999.
51. Bullock, T. H. and Northcutt, R. G., A new electroreceptive teleost: Xenomystus nigri (Osteoglossiformes: Notopteroidea). J. Comp. Physiol. 148, 345-352, 1982.
52. Bullock, T. H. and Heiligenberg, W., Electroreception, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1986.
53. Bullock, T. H., Bodznick, D. A., and Northcutt., R. G., The phylogenetic distribution of electroreception: evidence for convergent evolution of a primitive vertebrate sense modality, Brain Res. Rev. 6, 25-46, 1983.
54. Canfield, J. G. and Rose, G. J., Electrosensory modulation of escape responses, J. Comp. Physiol. A 173 (4), 463-474, 1993.
55. Caputi, A. and Budelli, R., The electric image in weakly electric fish.1. A data-based model of waveform generation in Gymnotus carapo, J. Comput.l Neurosci. 2 (2), 131-147, 1995.
56. Caputi, A., Silva, A., and Macadar, O., Electric organ activation in Gymnotus carapo - spinal origin and peripheral mechanisms, J. Comp. Physiol. A 173 (2), 227-232, 1993.
57. Caputi, A., Macadar, O., and Trujillocenoz, O., Wave-form generation in Rhamphichthys rostratus (L) (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes), J. Comp. Physiol. A 174 (5), 633-642, 1994.
58. Caputi, A. A., The electric organ discharge of pulse gymnotiforms: the transformation of a simple impulse into a complex spatiotemporal electromotor pattern, J. Exp. Biol. 202 (10), 1229-1241, 1999.
59. Caputi, A. A., Silva, A. C., and Macadar, O., The electric organ discharge of Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus, Brain Behav. Evol. 52 (3), 148-158, 1998.
60. Caputi, A. A., Aguilera, P. A., and Castello, M. E., Probability and amplitude of novelty responses as a function of the change in contrast of the reafferent image in G. carapo, J. Exp. Biol. 206 (6), 999-1010, 2003.
61. Caputi, A. A., Budelli, R., Grant, K., and Bell, C. C., The electric image in weakly electric fish: physical images of resistive objects in Gnathonemus petersii, J. Exp. Biol. 201 (14), 2115-2128, 1998.
62. Caputi, A. A., Castello, M. E., Aguilera, P., and Trujillo-Cenoz, O., Electrolocation and electrocommunication in pulse gymnotids: signal carriers, pre-receptor mechanisms and the electrosensory mosaic, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 493-505, 2002.
63. Carlson, B. A., Neuroanatomy of the mormyrid electromotor control system, J. Comp. Neurol. 454 (4), 440-455, 2002.
64. Carlson, B. A. and Hopkins, C. D., Central control of electric signaling behavior in the mormyrid Brienomyrus brachyistius: segregation of behavior-specific inputs and the role of modifiable recurrent inhibition, J. Exp. Biol. 207 (7), 1073-1084, 2004.
65. Carr, C. and Maler, L., Electroreception in gymnotiform fish: central anatomy and physiology. In Electroreception, Bullock, T. and Heiligenberg, W. (Eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, 319-374.
66. Carr, C. E. and Friedman, M. A., Evolution of time coding systems, Neural Computation 11 (1), 1-20, 1999.
67. Cartaud, J., Cartaud, A., Kordeli, E., Ludosky, M. A., Marchand, S., and Stetzkowski-Marden, F., The torpedo electrocyte: a model system to study membrane-cytoskeleton interactions at the postsynaptic membrane, Microscopy Res. Tech. 49 (1), 73-83, 2000.
68. Castello, M. E., Aguilera, P. A., Trujillo-Cenoz, O., and Caputi, A. A., Electroreception in Gymnotus carapo: pre-receptor processing and the distribution of electroreceptor types, J. Exp. Biol. 203 (21), 3279-3287, 2000.
69. Cernuda, R. and Garcia Fernandez, J. M., Structural diversity of the ordinary and specialized lateral line organs, Microscopy Res. Tech. 34 (4), 302-312, 1996.
70. Chacron, M. J., Longtin, A., St-Hilaire, M., and Maler, L., Suprathreshold stochastic firing dynamics with memory in P-type electroreceptors, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (7), 1576-1579, 2000.
71. Chapman, L. J. and Hulen, K. G., Implications of hypoxia for the brain size and gill morphometry of mormyrid fishes, J. Zool. 254, 461-472, 2001.
72. Chung-Davidson, Y. W., Yun, S. S., Teeter, J., and Li, W. M., Brain pathways and behavioral responses to weak electric fields in parasitic sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus), Behav. Neurosci. 118 (3), 611-619, 2004.
73. Collin, S. P. and Whitehead, D., The functional roles of passive electroreception in non-electric fishes, Anim. Biol. 54 (1), 1-25, 2004.
74. Coombs, S., New, J. G., and Nelson, M., Information-processing demands in electrosensory and mechanosensory lateral line systems, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 341-354, 2002.
75. Crampton, W. G. R., Gymnotiform fish: an important component of Amazonian floodplain fish communities, J. Fish Biol. 48 (2), 298-301, 1996.
76. Crampton, W. G. R., Electric signal design and habitat preferences in a species rich assemblage of gymnotiform fishes from the Upper Amazon Basin, Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias 70, 805-847, 1998.
77. Crampton, W. G. R., Effects of anoxia on the distribution, respiratory strategies and electric signal diversity of gymnotiform fishes, J. Fish Biol. 53, 307-330, 1998.
78. Crampton, W. G. R. and Albert, J. S., Evolution of electric signal diversity in Gymnotiform fishes. in Fish Communication, Collin, S. P., Kapoor, B. G., Ladich, F., and Moller, P. (Eds.), Science Publisher, Inc., New York, in press.
79. Crampton, W. G. R., Thorsen, D. H., and Albert, J. S., Steatogenys ocellatus: a new species of Neotropical electric fish (Gymnotiformes: Hypopomidae) from the lowland Amazon Basin, Copeia (1), 78-91, 2004.
80. Crampton, W. G. R., Hulen, K. G., and Albert, J. S., Sternopygus branco: a new species of neotropical electric fish (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the lowland Amazon basin, with descriptions of osteology, ecology, and electric organ discharges, Copeia (2), 245-259, 2004.
81. Curtis, C. C. and Stoddard, P. K., Mate preference in female electric fish, Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus, Anim. Behav. 66, 329-336, 2003.
82. Dunlap, K. D. and Larkins-Ford, J., Production of aggressive electrocommunication signals to progressively realistic social stimuli in male Apteronotus leptorhynchus, Ethology 109 (3), 243-258, 2003.
83. Dunlap, K. D. and Larkins-Ford, J., Diversity in the structure of electrocommunication signals within a genus of electric fish, Apteronotus, J. Comp. Physiol. A-Neuroethol. Sensory Neural Behav. Physiol. 189 (2), 153-161, 2003.
84. Dunlap, K. D., Pelczar, P. L., and Knapp, R., Social interactions and cortisol treatment increase the production of aggressive electrocommunication signals in male electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus, Hormones Behav. 42 (2), 97-108, 2002.
85. Falconi, A., Borde, M., Henandezcruz, A., and Morales, F. R., Mauthner cell-initiated abrupt increase of the electric organ discharge in the weakly electric fish Gymnotus carapo, J. Comp. Physiol. A 176 (5), 679-689, 1995.
86. Few, W. P. and Zakon, H. H., Androgens alter electric organ discharge pulse duration despite stability in electric organ discharge frequency, Hormones Behav. 40 (3), 434-442, 2001.
87. Fields, R. D., Bullock, T. H., and Lange, G. D., Ampullary sense-organs, peripheral, central and behavioral electroreception in chimeras (Hydrolagus, Holocephali, Chondrichthyes), Brain Behav. Evol. 41 (6), 269-289, 1993.
88. Finger, T., Electroreception in catfish: behavior, anatomy, and physiology. In Electroreception, Bullock, T. and Heiligenberg, W. (Eds.), Wiley, New York, 1986, 287-318.
89. Fortune, E. S. and Rose, G. J., Roles for short-term synaptic plasticity in behavior, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 539-545, 2002.
90. Franchina, C. R., Ontogeny of the electric organ discharge and the electric organ in the weakly electric pulse fish Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus (Hypopomidae, Gymnotiformes), J. Comp. Physiol. A-Sensory Neural Behav. Physiol. 181 (2), 111-119, 1997.
91. Franchina, C. R., Salazar, V. L., Volmar, C. H., and Stoddard, P. K., Plasticity of the electric organ discharge waveform of male Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus. II. Social effects, J. Comp. Physiol. A 187 (1), 45-52, 2001.
92. Fricke, H., Reinicke, O., Hofer, H., and Nachtigall, W., Locomotion of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae in its natural environment, Nature 329, 331-333, 1987.
93. Fritzsch, B. and Munz, H., Electroreception in Amphibians. In Electroreception, Bullock, T. and Heiligenberg, W. (Eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, 483-496.
94. Gonzalez, M. J., Manso, M. J., and Anadon, R., Octavolateral neurons projecting to the middle and posterior rhombencephalic reticular nuclei of larval lamprey: a retrograde horseradish peroxidase labeling study, J. Comp. Neurol. 384 (3), 396-408, 1997.
95. Gotter, A. L., Kaetzel, M. A., and Dedman, J. R., Electrophorus electricus as a model system for the study of membrane excitability, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. 119 (1), 225-241, 1998.
96. Hagedorn, M., The electric fish Hypopomus occidentalis can rapidly modulate the amplitude and duration of its electric organ discharges, Anim. Behav. 49 (5), 1409-1413, 1995.
97. Hagedorn, M., Womble, M., and Finger, T. E., Synodontid catfish - a new group of weakly electric fish - behavior and anatomy, Brain Behav. Evol. 35 (5), 268-277, 1990.
98. Hanika, S. and Kramer, B., Electrosensory prey detection in the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae), of a weakly electric mormyrid fish, the bulldog (Marcusenius macrolepidotus), Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 48 (3), 218-228, 2000.
99. Hatai, S. and Abe, N., The response of catfish, Parasilurus asotus, to earthquakes, Proc. Imp. Acad. Japan 8, 375-378, 1932.
100. Heijmen, P. S., Braks, M. A. H., Bretschneider, F., and Peters, R. C., Microvilli in electroreceptor organs in Ictalurus nebulosus play apart in signal filtering, J. Comp. Physiol. A 176 (1), 103-109, 1995.
101. Heiligenberg, W., Neural Nets in Electric Fish, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1991.
102. Heiligenberg, W., The neural basis of behavior - a neuroethological view, Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 14, 247-267, 1991.
103. Heiligenberg, W., Electroreception. in The Physiology of Fishes, Evans, D. H. (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1993, 137-160.
104. Heiligenberg, W. and Altes, R. A., Phase sensitivity in electroreception, Science 199, 1001-1003, 1978.
105. Heiligenberg, W. and Bastian, J., Species specificity of electric organ discharges in sympatric gymnotoid fish of the Rio Negro, Acta Biol. Venez. 10, 187-203, 1980.
106. Hilton, E. J., Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha), Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 137, 1-100, 2003.
107. Hodos, W. and Butler, A. B., Evolution of sensory pathways in vertebrates, Brain Behav. Evol. 50 (4), 189-197, 1997.
108. Hofmann, M. H., Wojtenek, W., and Wilkens, L. A., Central organization of the electrosensory system in the paddlefish (Polyodon spathula), J. Comp. Neurol. 446 (1), 25-36, 2002.
109. Hofmann, M. H., Falk, M., and Wilkens, L. A., Electrosensory brain stem neurons compute the time derivative of electric fields in the paddlefish, Fluctuation Noise Lett. 4 (1), L129-L138, 2004.
110. Hopkins, C. D., Functions and mechanisms in electroreception. In Fish Neurobiology, Northcutt, R. G. and Davis, R. E. (Eds.), University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1983, 215-259.
111. Hopkins, C. D., Behavior in Mormyridae. In Electroreception, Bullock, T. and Heiligenberg, W. (Eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, 527-576.
112. Hopkins, C. D., Hypopomus pinnicaudatus (Hypopomidae), a new species of Gymnotiform fish from French-Guyana, Copeia (1), 151-161, 1991.
113. Hopkins, C. D., Convergent designs for electrogenesis and electroreception, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 5 (6), 769-777, 1995.
114. Hopkins, C. D., Design features for electric communication, J. Exp. Biol. 202 (10), 1217-1228, 1999.
115. Hopkins, C. D., Signal evolution in electric communication. In The Design of Animal Communication, Hauser, M. D. and Konishi, M. (Eds.), M.I.T Press, Cambridge, 1999, 461-491.
116. Hopkins, C. D. and Heiligenberg, W., Evolutionary designs for electric signals and electroreceptors in gymnotiform fishes of Surinam, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 3, 113-134, 1978.
117. Hopkins, C. D. and Bass, A. H., Temporal coding of species recognition in an electric fish, Science 212, 85-87, 1981.
118. Hopkins, C. D. and Westby, G. W. M., Time domain processing of electric organ discharge waveforms by pulse-type electric fish, Brain Behav. Evol. 29, 77-104, 1986.
119. Jacob, B. A., McEachran, J. D., and Lyons, P. L., Electric organs in skates: variation and phylogenetic significance (Chondrichthyes: Rajoidei), J. Morphol. 221, 45-63, 1994.
120. Julian, D., Crampton, W. G. R., Wohlgemuth, S. E., and Albert, J. S., Oxygen consumption in weakly electric neotropical fishes, Oecologia 137 (4), 502-511, 2003.
121. Kajiura, S. M., Electroreception in neonatal bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo, Marine Biol. 143 (3), 603-611, 2003.
122. Kajiura, S. M. and Holland, K. N., Electroreception in juvenile scalloped hammerhead and sandbar sharks, J. Exp. Biol. 205 (23), 3609-3621, 2002.
123. Kajiura, S. M., Forni, J. B., and Summers, A. P., Maneuvering in juvenile carcharhinid and sphyrnid sharks: the role of the hammerhead shark cephalofoil, Zoology 106 (1), 19-28, 2003.
124. Kalmijn, A. J., The detection of electric fields from inanimate and animate sources other than electric organs. In Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1974, 148-200.
125. Kalmijn, A. J., Theory of electromagnetic orientation: a further analysis. In Comparative Physiology of Sensory Systems, Bolis, L., Keynes, R. D., and Maddrell, S. A. P. (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, New York, 1984, 525-559.
126. Kalmijn, A. J., Detection of weak electric fields. In Social Communication in Aquatic Environments, Atema, J., Fay, R. R., Popper, A. N., and Tavolga, W. N. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987, 151-186.
127. Kawasaki, M., Independently evolved jamming avoidance responses employ identical computational algorithms - a behavioral study of the African electric fish, Gymnarchus niloticus, J. Comp. Physiol. A 173 (1), 9-22, 1993.
128. Kawasaki, M., Cutaneous electrical oscillation in a weakly electric fish, Gymnarchus niloticus, J. Comp. Physiol. A 187 (8), 597-604, 2001.
129. Kawasaki, M. and Heiligenberg, W., Different classes of glutamate receptors and GABA mediate distinct modulations of a neuronal oscillator, the medullary pacemaker of a gymnotiform electric fish, J. Neurosci. 10 (12), 3896-3904, 1990.
130. Kirschbaum, F., Electric organ ontogeny: distinct larval organ precedes the adult organ in weakly electric fish, Naturwissenchaften 64, 387-388, 1977.
131. Kirschbaum, F. and Schugardt, C., Reproductive strategies and developmental aspects in mormyrid and gymnotiform fishes, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 557-566, 2002.
132. Knudsen, E. I., Spatial aspects of the electric fields generated by weakly electric fish, J. Comp. Physiol. 99, 103-118, 1975.
133. Kramer, B., Electric organ discharge interaction during interspecific agonistic behaviour in freely swimming mormyrid fish, J. Comp. Physiol. 93, 203-235, 1974.
134. Kramer, B., Electrocommunication in Teleost Fishes: Behavior and Experiments, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1990.
135. Kramer, B., Electroreception and Communication in Fishes, Georg Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1995.
136. Kramer, B. and Kuhn, B., Species recognition by the sequence of discharge intervals in weakly electric fishes of the genus Campylomormyrus (Mormyridae, Teleostei), Anim. Behav. 48 (2), 435-445, 1994.
137. Kramer, B., Van der Bank, H., and Wink, M., Hippopotamyrus ansorgii species complex in the Upper Zambezi River System with a description of a new species, H. szaboi (Mormyridae), Zoologica Scripta 33 (1), 1-18, 2004.
138. Ladich, F., Sound-generating and -detecting motor system in catfish: design of swimbladder muscles in doradids and pimelodids, Anat. Rec. 263, 297-306, 2001.
139. Lannoo, M. J. and Lannoo, S. J., Why do electric fishes swim backwards - an hypothesis based on Gymnotiform foraging behavior interpreted through sensory constraints, Environ. Biol. Fishes 36 (2), 157-165, 1993.
140. Lannoo, M. J., Ross, L., Maler, L., and Hawkes, R., Development of the cerebellum and its extracerebellar Purkinje-cell projection in teleost fishes as determined by Zebrin-Ii immunocytochemistry, Prog. Neurobiol. 37 (4), 329-363, 1991.
141. Lazar, G., Szabo, T., Libouban, S., Ravailleveron, M., Toth, P., and Brandle, K., Central projections and motor nuclei of the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves in the Mormyrid fish Gnathonemus petersii, J. Comp. Neurol. 325 (3), 343-358, 1992.
142. Lissmann, H. W., Continuous electrical signals from the tail of a fish, Gymnarchus niloticus Cuv., Nature 167, 201-202, 1951.
143. Lissmann, H. W. and Machin, K. E., The mechanism of object location in Gymnarchus niloticus and similar fish, J. Exp. Biol. 35, 451-486, 1958.
144. Lopreato, G. F., Lu, Y., Southwell, A., Atkinson, N. S., Hillis, D. M., Wilcox, T. P., and Zakon, H. H., Evolution and divergence of sodium channel genes in vertebrates, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 98 (13), 7588-7592, 2001.
145. Lorenzo, D., Velluti, J. C., and Macadar, O., Electrophysiological properties of abdominal electrocytes in the weakly electric fish Gymnotus carapo, J. Comp. Physiol. A 162 (1), 141-144, 1988.
146. Lorenzo, D., Sierra, F., Silva, A., and Macadar, O., Spatial distribution of the medullary command signal within the electric organ of Gymnotus carapo, J. Comp. Physiol. A 173 (2), 221-226, 1993.
147. Lu, J. and Fishman, H. M., Ion channels and transporters in the electroreceptive ampullary epithelium from skates, Biophys. J. 69 (6), 2467-2475, 1995.
148. MacIver, M. A., Sharabash, N. M., and Nelson, M. E., Prey-capture behavior in gymnotid electric fish: motion analysis and effects of water conductivity, J. Exp. Biol. 204 (3), 543-557, 2001.
149. Maler, L., Sas, E., Johnston, S., and Ellis, W., An atlas of the brain of the electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus, J. Chem. Neuroanat. 4 (1), 1-38, 1991.
150. Marrero, C. and Winemiller, K. O., Tube-snouted Gymnotiform and Mormyriform fishes - convergence of a specialized foraging mode in teleosts, Environ. Biol. Fishes 38 (4), 299-309, 1993.
151. McAnelly, L. and Zakon, H. H., Protein kinase A activation increases sodium current magnitude in the electric organ of Sternopygus, J. Neurosci. 16 (14), 4383-4388, 1996.
152. McAnelly, L., Silva, A., and Zakon, H. H., Cyclic AMP modulates electrical signaling in a weakly electric fish, J. Comp. Physiol. A 189 (4), 273-282, 2003.
153. + currents in electric organ, J. Neurosci. 20 (9), 3408-3414, 2000.
154. Mermelstein, C. D., Costa, M. L., and Neto, V. M., Title cytoskeleton of the electric tissue of Electrophorus electricus, L, Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias 72 (3), 341-351, 2000.
155. Moller, P., Electric Fishes: History and Behavior, Chapman and Hall, London 1995.
156. Moller, P., Multimodal sensory integration in weakly electric fish: a behavioral account, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 547-556, 2002.
157. Montgomery, J. C., Frequency response characteristics of primary and secondary neurons in the electrosensory system of the thornback ray, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 79A, 189-195, 1984.
158. Montgomery, J. C. and Walker, M. M., Orientation and navigation in elasmobranchs: which way forward? Environ. Biol. Fishes 60 (1-3), 109-116, 2001.
159. Moortgat, K. T., Bullock, T. H., and Sejnowski, T. J., Precision of the pacemaker nucleus in a weakly electric fish: network versus cellular influences, J. Neurophysiol. 83 (2), 971-983, 2000.
160. Moortgat, K. T., Bullock, T. H., and Sejnowski, T. J., Gap junction effects on precision and frequency of a model pacemaker network, J. Neurophysiol. 83 (2), 984-997, 2000.
161. Moortgat, K. T., Keller, C. H., Bullock, T. H., and Sejnowski, T. J., Submicrosecond pacemaker precision is behaviorally modulated: the gymnotiform electromotor pathway, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (8), 4684-4689, 1998.
162. Morshnev, K. S. and M., O. V., Electric discharges in an Asian catfish Ompok bimaculates (Siluridae), Doklady Akademii Nauk 354, 419-422, 1997.
163. Neiman, A. B. and Russell, D. F., Two distinct types of noisy oscillators in electroreceptors of paddlefish, J. Neurophysiol. 92 (1), 492-509, 2004.
164. Nelson, M. E., MacIver, M. A., and Coombs, S., Modeling electrosensory and mechanosensory images during the predatory behavior of weakly electric fish, Brain Behav. Evol. 59 (4), 199-210, 2002.
165. New, J. G., Electric organ discharge and electrosensory reafference in skates, Biol. Bull. 187 (1), 64-75, 1994.
166. Nilsson, G. E., Brain and body oxygen requirements of Gnathonemus petersii, a fish with an exceptionally large brain., J. Exp. Biol. 199, 603-607, 1996.
167. Nishikawa, K. C., Evolutionary convergence in nervous systems: insights from comparative phylogenetic studies, Brain Behav. Evol. 59 (5-6), 240-249, 2002.
168. Northcutt, R. G., Electroreception in non-teleost bony fishes. In Electroreception, Bullock, T. and Heiligenberg, W. (Eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, 257-286.
169. Northcutt, R. G., The phylogeny of octavolateralis ontogenies: a reaffirmation of Garstang’s phylogenetic hypothesis. In The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, D.B. Webster, R. R. F., and A.N. Popper (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992.
170. Northcutt, R. G. and Vischer, H. A., Eigenmannia possesses autapomorphic rami of the anterior lateral line nerves, Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 14, 14, 1988.
171. Northcutt, R. G. and Bemis, W. E., Cranial nerves of the Coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae (Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) and comparisons with other Craniata, Brain Behav. Evol. 42 (Suppl. 1), 1-76, 1993.
172. Northcutt, R. G., Brändle, K., and Fritzsch, B., Electroreceptors and mechanosensory lateral lone organs arise from single placodes in axolotls, Develop. Biol. 168, 358-373, 1995.
173. Northcutt, R. G., Holmes, P. H., and Albert, J. S., Distribution and innervation of lateral line organs in the channel catfish, J. Comp. Neurol. 421 (4), 570-592, 2000.
174. Obara, S. and Sugawara, Y., Electroreceptor mechanisms in teleost and non-teleost fishes. In Comparative Physiology of Sensory Systems, Bolis, L., Keynes, R. D., and Maddrell, S. H. V. (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1984, 509-523.
175. Olshanskii, V. M. and Morschnev, K. S., Revealing of phase electrosensitivity profiles in Synodontis (Mochokidae), Doklady Akademii Nauk 347 (4), 564-566, 1996.
176. Patterson, J. M. and Zakon, H. H., Differential expression of proteins in muscle and electric organ, a muscle derivative, J. Comp. Neurol. 370 (3), 367-376, 1996.
177. Patterson, J. M. and Zakon, H. H., Transdifferentiation of muscle to electric organ: regulation of muscle-specific proteins is independent of patterned nerve activity, Develop. Biol. 186 (1), 115-126, 1997.
178. Paulin, M. G., Electroreception and the compass sense of sharks, J. Theor. Biol. 174 (3), 325-339, 1995.
179. Peters, R. C., Mommersteeg, P. M. C., and Heijmen, P. S., The electroreceptor organ of the catfish, Ictalurus melas, as a model for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, Neuroscience 91 (2), 745-751, 1999.
180. Peters, R. C., Loos, W. J. G., Bretschneider, F., and Heijmen, P. S., Psychophysical, assessment of catfish electrosensitivity versus temperature and electric field frequency, Nether. J. Zool. 45 (3-4), 347-361, 1995.
181. Peters, R. C., Loos, W. J. G., Bretschneider, F., and Baretta, A. B., Electroreception in catfish: patterns from motion, Belg. J. Zool. 129 (1), 263-268, 1999.
182. Peters, R. C., van Wessel, T., van den Wollenberg, B. J. W., Bretschneider, F., and Olijslagers, A. E., The bioelectric field of the catfish Ictalurus nebulosus, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 397-404, 2002.
183. Pettigrew, J. D., Manger, P. R., and Fine, S. L. B., The sensory world of the platypus, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Series B-Biol. Sci. 353 (1372), 1199-1210, 1998.
184. Postlethwait, J., Amores, A., Cresko, W., Singer, A., and Yan, Y. L., Subfunction partitioning, the teleost radiation and the annotation of the human genome, Trends Genet. 20 (10), 481-490, 2004.
185. Prechtl, J. C., von der Emde, G., Wolfart, J., Karamursel, S., Akoev, G. N., Andrianov, Y. N., and Bullock, T. H., Sensory processing in the pallium of a mormyrid fish, J. Neurosci. 18 (18), 7381-7393, 1998.
186. Proske, U., Gregory, J. E., and Iggo, A., Sensory receptors in monotremes, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Series B-Biol. Sci. 353 (1372), 1187-1198, 1998.
187. Rasnow, B. and Bower, J. M., The electric organ discharges of the gymnotiform fishes.1. Apteronotus leptorhynchus, J. Comp. Physiol. A 178 (3), 383-396, 1996.
188. Ronan, M., Electroreception in cyclostomes. In Electroreception, Bullock, T. and Heiligenberg, W. (Eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, 209-224.
189. Ronan, M., Anatomical and physiological evidence for electroreception in larval lampreys, Brain Res. 448 (1), 173-177, 1988.
190. Sa, L. A., Menezes, M. A., and Mermelstein, C. D., Expression of muscle-specific myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain 1 in the electric tissue of Electrophorus electricus (L.) in comparison with other vertebrate species, J. Exp. Zool. 290 (3), 227-233, 2001.
191. Scheich, H., Bullock, T. H., and Hamstra, R. H. J., Coding properties of two classes of afferent nerve fibers. High-frequency receptors in the electric fish, Eigenmannia, J. Neurophysiol. 36, 39-60, 1973.
192. Schikorski, T., Braun, N., and Zimmermann, H., Projection of brain-stem neurons to the giant electromotoneurons in the cervical spinal-cord of the electric catfish Malapterurus electricus, Brain Behav. Evol. 43, 306-318, 1994.
193. Seehausen, O., Witte, F., Van Alphen, J. J. M., and Bouton, N., Direct mate choice maintains diversity among sympatric cichlids in Lake Victoria, J. Fish Biol. 53 (Suppl. A), 37-55, 1998.
194. Shumway, C. A., Multiple electrosensory maps in the medulla of weakly electric Gymnotiform fish. 2. Anatomical differences, J. Neurosci. 9 (12), 4400-4415, 1989.
195. Shumway, C. A., Multiple electrosensory maps in the medulla of weakly electric Gymnotiform fish. 1. Physiological differences, J. Neurosci. 9 (12), 4388-4399, 1989.
196. Silva, A., Quintana, L., Galeano, M., Errandonea, P., and Macadar, O., Water temperature sensitivity of EOD waveform in Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus, J. Comp. Physiol. A 185 (2), 187-197, 1999.
197. Sisneros, J. A. and Tricas, T. C., Androgen-induced changes in the response dynamics of ampullary electrosensory primary afferent neurons, J. Neurosci. 20 (22), 8586-8595, 2000.
198. Sisneros, J. A. and Tricas, T. C., Neuroethology and life history adaptations of the elasmobranch electric sense, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 379-389, 2002.
199. Sisneros, J. A., Tricas, T. C., and Luer, C. A., Response properties and biological function of the skate electrosensory system during ontogeny, J. Comp. Physiol. A 183 (1), 87-99, 1998.
200. Smith, G. T. and Zakon, H. H., Pharmacological characterization of ionic currents that regulate the pacemaker rhythm in a weakly electric fish, J. Neurobiol. 42 (2), 270-286, 2000.
201. Smith, G. T., Lu, Y., and Zakon, H. H., Parvocells: A novel interneuron type in the pacemaker nucleus of a weakly electric fish, J. Comp. Neurol. 423 (3), 427-439, 2000.
202. St-Hilaire, M. and Longtin, A., Coding of information in models of tuberous electroreceptors, Math. Biosci. 188, 157-174, 2004.
203. Stoddard, P. K., The evolutionary origins of electric signal complexity, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 485-491, 2002.
204. Stoddard, P. K., Rasnow, B., and Assad, C., Electric organ discharges of the gymnotiform fishes: III. Brachyhypopomus, J. Comp. Physiol. A 184 (6), 609-630, 1999.
205. Stoddard, P. K., Markham, M. R., and Salazar, V. L., Serotonin modulates the electric waveform of the gymnotiform electric fish Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus, J. Exp. Biol. 206 (8), 1353-1362, 2003.
206. Striedter, G. F., Auditory, electrosensory, and mechanosensory lateral line pathways through the forebrain in channel catfishes, J. Comp. Neurol. 312 (2), 311-331, 1991.
207. Striedter, G. F., Phylogenetic changes in the connections of the lateral preglomerular nucleus in Ostariophysan teleosts - a pluralistic view of brain evolution, Brain Behav. Evol. 39 (6), 329-357, 1992.
208. Sugawara, Y., Grant, K., Han, V., and Bell, C. C., Physiology of electrosensory lateral line lobe neurons in Gnathonemus petersii, J. Exp. Biol. 202 (10), 1301-1309, 1999.
209. Sullivan, J. P., Lavoue, S., and Hopkins, C. D., Discovery and phylogenetic analysis of a riverine species flock of African electric fishes (Mormyridae: Teleostei), Evolution 56 (3), 597-616, 2002.
210. Tallarovic, S. K. and Zakon, H. H., Electrocommunication signals in female brown ghost electric knifefish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus, J. Comp. Physiol. A 188 (8), 649-657, 2002.
211. Tricas, T. C. and New, J. G., Sensitivity and response dynamics of elasmobranch electrosensory primary afferent neurons to near threshold fields, J. Comp. Physiol. A 182 (1), 89-101, 1998.
212. Tricas, T. C., Michael, S. W., and Sisneros, J. A., Electrosensory optimization to conspecific phasic signals for mating, Neurosci. Lett. 202, 129-132, 1995.
213. Triefenbach, F. and Zakon, H., Effects of sex, sensitivity and status on cue recognition in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus, Anim. Behav. 65, 19-28, 2003.
214. Trujillo-Cenoz, O. and Bertolotto, C., Mauthner cells in the medulla of the weakly electric fish Gymnotus carapo, Experientia 46 (5), 441-443, 1990.
215. Turner, R. W., Plant, J. R., and Maler, L., Oscillatory and burst discharge across electrosensory topographic maps, J. Neurophysiol. 76 (4), 2364-2382, 1996.
216. Turner, R. W., Lemon, N., Doiron, B., Rashid, A. J., Morales, E., Longtin, A., Maler, L., and Dunn, R. J., Oscillatory burst discharge generated through conditional backpropagation of dendritic spikes, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 517-530, 2002.
217. Unguez, G. A. and Zakon, I. H., Phenotypic conversion of distinct muscle fiber populations to electrocytes in a weakly electric fish, J. Comp. Neurol. 399 (1), 20-34, 1998.
218. Unguez, G. A. and Zakon, H. H., Skeletal muscle transformation into electric organ in S. macrurus depends on innervation, J. Neurobiol. 53 (3), 391-402, 2002.
219. Vidal, A., Figueroa, M. P., Eberwein, M. E., Kreda, S., and Barrantes, F. J., Co-distribution of tropomyosin and alpha-actinin with actin in Psammobatis extenta electrocytes brings out their similarity with muscle fiber cytoplasm, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. 116 (2), 113-118, 1997.
220. Vischer, H. A., Electroreceptor development in the electric fish Eigenmannia - a histological and ultrastructural study, J. Comp. Neurol. 360 (1), 81-100, 1995.
221. Vischer, H. A. and Heiligenberg, W., The development of the electrosensory system in the Gymnotiform fish Eigenmannia, Amer. Zool. 29 (4), A34-A34, 1989.
222. Vischer, H. A., Lannoo, M. J., and Heiligenberg, W. H., Development of the electrosensory nervous system in Eigenmannia (Gymnotiformes): I. The peripheral nervous system, J. Comp. Neurol. 290, 16-40, 1990.
223. von der Emde, G., Discrimination of objects through electrolocation in the weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus petersii, J. Comp. Physiol. A 167 (3), 413-421, 1990.
224. von der Emde, G., Electroreception. In The Physiology of Fishes, 2nd Edition, Evans, D. H. (Ed.), CRC Press, New York., 1998, 313-343.
225. von der Emde, G. and Bell, C. C., Responses of cells in the mormyrid electrosensory lobe to EODs with distorted wave-forms - implications for capacitance detection, J. Comp. Physiol. A 175 (1), 83-93, 1994.
226. von der Emde, G. and Schwarz, S., Three-dimensional analysis of object properties during active electrolocation in mormyrid weakly electric fishes (Gnathonemus petersii), Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Series B-Biol. Sci. 355 (1401), 1143-1146, 2000.
227. von der Emde, G. and Schwarz, S., How the electric fish brain controls the production and analysis of electric signals during active electrolocation, Zool. Anal. Complex Syst. 103 (3-4), 112-124, 2001.
228. Wake, D. B., Roth, G., and Nishikawa, K. C., The fate of the lateral line system in plethodontid salamanders, Amer. Zool. 27, 166A, 1987.
229. Wang, D. L. and Maler, L., The immunocytochemical localization of glutamate in the electrosensory system of the Gymnotiform fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus, Brain Res. 653 (1-2), 215-222, 1994.
230. Watt, M., Evans, C. S., and Joss, J. M. P., Use of electroreception during foraging by the Australian lungfish, Anim. Behav. 58, 1039-1045, 1999.
231. Weissburg, M. J., Levett, S. J., Steullet, P., Edwards, D. H., and Derby, C. D., Invertebrate electrosensation: passive electroreception mediates prey detection in the crayfish, Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 22, 1078, 1996.
232. Werneyer, M. and Kramer, B., Intraspecific agonistic interactions in freely swimming mormyrid fish, Marcusenius macrolepidotus (South African form), J. Ethol. 20 (2), 107-121, 2002.
233. Westby, G. W. M., The ecology, discharge diversity and predatory behavior of gymnotiform electric fish in the coastal streams of French Guyana, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 22, 341s-354s, 1988.
234. Whitear, M. and Lane, E. B., Multivillous cells: epidermal sensory cells of unknown function in lamprey skin, J. Zool. Lond. 210, 259-272, 1983.
235. Whitehead, D. L., Ampullary organs and electroreception in freshwater Carcharhinus leucas, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 391-395, 2002.
236. Whitehead, D. L., Tibbetts, I. R., and Daddow, L. Y., Microampullary organs of a freshwater eel-tailed catfish, Plotosus (tandanus) tandanus, J. Morphol. 255 (2), 253-260, 2002.
237. Wilkens, L. A., Russell, D. F., Pei, X., and Gurgens, C., The paddlefish rostrum functions as an electrosensory antenna in plankton feeding, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Series B-Biol. Sci. 264 (1389), 1723-1729, 1997.
238. Winemiller, K. O. and Adite, A., Convergent evolution of weakly electric fishes from floodplain habitats in Africa and South America, Environ. Biol. Fishes 49 (2), 175-186, 1997.
239. Wojtenek, W., Pei, X., and Wilkens, L. A., Paddlefish strike at artificial dipoles simulating the weak electric fields of planktonic prey, J. Exp. Biol. 204 (8), 1391-1399, 2001.
240. Wong, C. J. H., Afferent and efferent connections of the diencephalic prepacemaker nucleus in the weakly electric fish, Eigenmannia virescens: Interactions between the electromotor system and the neuroendocrine axis, J. Comp. Neurol. 383 (1), 18-41, 1997.
241. Yamamoto, N., Oka, Y., Yoshimoto, M., Sawai, N., Albert, J. S., and Ito, H., Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the gourami midbrain: a double labeling study by immunocytochemistry and tracer injection, Neurosci. Lett. 240, 50-52, 1998.
242. Zakon, H., The electroreceptive periphery. In Electroreception, Bullock, T. and Heiligenberg, W. (Eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, 103-156.
243. Zakon, H., Oestreich, J., Tallarovic, S., and Triefenbach, F., EOD modulations of brown ghost electric fish: JARs, chirps, rises, and dips, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 451-458, 2002.
244. Zakon, H. H., Convergent evolution on the molecular level, Brain Behav. Evol. 59 (5-6), 250-261, 2002.
245. Zakon, H. H., Insight into the mechanisms of neuronal processing from electric fish, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 13 (6), 744-750, 2003.
246. Zakon, H. H. and Dunlap, K. D., Sex steroids and communication signals in electric fish: A tale of two species, Brain Behav. Evol. 54 (1), 61-69, 1999.
247. Zakon, H. H. and Unguez, G. A., Development and regeneration of the electric organ, J. Exp. Biol. 202 (10), 1427-1434, 1999.
248. Zakon, H. H., Thomas, P., and Yan, H. Y., Electric organ discharge frequency and plasma sex steroidlevels during gonadal recrudescence in a natural population of the weakly electric fish Sternopygus macrurus, J. Comp. Physiol. A 169 (4), 493-499, 1991.
249. Zupanc, G. K. H., Adult neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system of teleost fish, Brain Behav. Evol. 58 (5), 250-275, 2001.
250. Zupanc, G. K. H., From oscillators to modulators: behavioral and neural control of modulations of the electric organ discharge in the gymnotiform fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus, J. Physiol. Paris 96 (5-6), 459-472, 2002.
251. Zupanc, G. K. H. and Clint, S. C., Potential role of radial glia in adult neurogenesis of teleost fish, Glia 43 (1), 77-86, 2003.