Approach, Avoidance, and Emotional Experiences

Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 385-397

  Carver, Charles S ^a   Avivi, Yael E ^a   Laurenceau, Jean Philippe ^b  

^a Department of Biology   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85145844091     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203888148-48     Document Type: Chapter

References (92)

1. Affleck, G., Tennen, H., Urrows, S., Higgins, P., Abeles, M., Hall, C., et al. (1998). Fibromyalgia and women’s pursuit of personal goals: A daily process analysis. Health Psychology, 17, 40-47.
2. Aron, A., & Aron, E. N. (1986). Love and the expansion of self:Understanding attraction and satisfaction. New York:Hemisphere Publishing.
3. Aron, A., Norman, C. C., & Aron, E. N. (2001). Shared selfexpanding activities as a means of maintaining and enhancing close romantic relationships. In J. H. Harvey & A. E. Wenzel (Eds.), Close romantic relationships: Maintenance and enhancement (pp. 47-66). Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
4. Avivi, Y. E., Laurenceau, J-P., & Carver, C. S. (2007). Linking romantic relationship quality to perceptions of relationship goal sharing and goal progress. Manuscript under review.
5. Baumeister, R. F., & Bratslavsky, E. (1999). Passion, intimacy, and time: Passionate love as a function of change in intimacy. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 46-67.
6. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong:Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
7. Berscheid, E. (1983). Emotion. In H. H. Kelley, E. Berscheid, A. Christensen, J. H. Harvey, T. L. Huston, G. Levinger E. McClintock, L. A. Peplau & D. R. Peterson (Eds.), Close relationships (pp. 110-168). New York: Freeman.
8. Brunstein, J. C. (1993). Personal goals and subjective wellbeing:A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1061-1070.
9. Brunstein, J. C., Schultheiss, O. C., & Grässmann, R. (1998). Personal goals and emotional well-being: The moderating role of motive dispositions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 494-508.
10. Cacioppo, J. T., Gardner, W. L., & Berntson, G. G. (1999). The affect system has parallel and integrative processing components:Form follows function. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 839-855.
11. Campos, J. J., Frankel, C. B., & Camras, L. (2004). On the nature of emotion regulation. Child Development, 75, 377-394.
12. Carter, C. S. (1998). Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 779-818.
13. Carver, C. S. (2003). Pleasure as a sign you can attend to something else: Placing positive feelings within a general model of affect. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 241-261.
14. Carver, C. S. (2004). Negative affects deriving from the behavioral approach system. Emotion, 4, 3-22.
15. Carver, C. S. (in press). Threat sensitivity, incentive sensitivity, and the experience of relief. Journal of Personality.
16. Carver, C. S., Lawrence, J. W., & Scheier, M. F. (1999). Selfdiscrepancies and affect: Incorporating the role of feared selves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 783-792.
17. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97, 19-35.
18. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
19. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1999). Themes and issues in the self-egulation of behavior. In R. S. Wyer, Jr. (Ed), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 12). Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.
20. Carver, C. S., Sutton, S. K., & Scheier, M. F. (2000). Action, emotion, and personality: Emerging conceptual integration. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 741-751.
21. Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 319-333.
22. Clark, R. N. (1996). Control system dynamics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
23. Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method of clinical description and classification of personality variants: A proposal. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 573-588.
24. Davidson, R. J. (1984). Affect, cognition, and hemispheric specialization. In C. E. Izard, J. Kagan, & R. Zajonc (Eds.), Emotion, cognition, and behavior (pp. 320-365). New York: Cambridge University Press.
25. Davidson, R. J. (1988). EEG measures of cerebral asymmetry:Conceptual and methodological issues. International Journal of Neuroscience, 39, 71-89.
26. Davidson, R. J. (1995). Cerebral asymmetry, emotion, and affective style. In R. J. Davidson & K. Hugdahl (Eds.), Brain asymmetry (pp. 361-387). Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
27. Davidson, R. J. (1998). Affective style and affective disorders:Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 307-330.
28. Depue, R. A., & Collins, P. F. (1999). Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 491-517.
29. Depue, R. A., & Iacono, W. G. (1989). Neurobehavioral aspects of affective disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 457-492.
30. Depue, R. A., Krauss, S. P., & Spoont, M. R. (1987). A twodimensional threshold model of seasonal bipolar affective disorder. In D. Magnusson & A. Öhman (Eds.), Psychopathology:An interactional perspective (pp. 95-123). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
31. Depue, R. A., & Morrone-Strupinksy, J. V. (2005). A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding: Implications for conceptualizing a human trait of affiliation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 313-395.
32. Elliot, A. J. (2006). The hierarchical model of approach-avoidance motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 111-116.
33. Elliot, A. J., & Church, M. A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 218-232.
34. Elliot, A. J., & Sheldon, K. M. (1997). Avoidance achievement motivation: A personal goals analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 171-185.
35. Elliot, A. J., Gable, S. L., & Mapes, R. R. (2006). Approach and avoidance motivation in the social domain. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 378-391.
36. Elliot, A. J., & Thrash, T. M. (2002). Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 804-818.
37. Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. H. (1999). Conflict in marriage:Implications for working with couples. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 47-77.
38. Fitzsimons, G. M., & Bargh, J. A. (2003). Thinking of you:Nonconscious pursuit of interpersonal goals associated with relationship partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 148-163.
39. Fowles, D. C. (1980). The three arousal model: Implications of Gray’s two-factor learning theory for heart rate, electrodermal activity, and psychopathy. Psychophysiology, 17, 87-104.
40. Fowles, D. C. (1993). Biological variables in psychopathology:A psychobiological perspective. In P. A. Sutker & H. E. Adams (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology (2nd ed., pp. 57-82). New York: Plenum Press.
41. Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
42. Frijda, N. H. (1988). The laws of emotion. American Psychologist, 43, 349-358.
43. Frijda, N. H. (1994). Emotions are functional, most of the time. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion:Fundamental questions (pp. 112-126). New York:Oxford University Press.
44. Gable, S. L. (2006). Approach and avoidance social motives and goals. Journal of Personality, 74, 175-222.
45. Gray, J. A. (1981). A critique of Eysenck’s theory of personality. In H. J. Eysenck (Ed.), A model for personality (pp. 246-276). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
46. Gray, J. A. (1987). Perspectives on anxiety and impulsivity: A commentary. Journal of Research in Personality, 21, 493-509.
47. Gray, J. A. (1990). Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition. Cognition and Emotion, 4, 269-288.
48. Gray, J. A. (1994a). Personality dimensions and emotion systems. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 329-331). New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Gray, J. A. (1994b). Three fundamental emotion systems. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion:Fundamental questions (pp. 243-247). New York: Oxford University Press.
50. Guerrero, L. K., & Andersen, P. A. (2000). Emotion in close relationships. In C. Hendrick & S. Hendrick (Eds.), Close relationships: A source book (pp. 171-183). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
51. Higgins, E. T. (1996). Ideals, oughts, and regulatory focus:Affect and motivation from distinct pains and pleasures. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 91-114). New York: Guilford Press.
52. Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280-1300.
53. Higgins, E. T., & Tykocinski, O. (1992). Self-discrepancies and biographical memory: Personality and cognition at the level of psychological situation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 527-535.
54. Hsee, C. K., & Abelson, R. P. (1991). The relative weighting of position and velocity in satisfaction. Psychological Science, 2, 263-266.
55. Johnson, S. L., & Carver, C. S. (2006). Extreme goal setting and vulnerability to mania among undiagnosed young adults. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 377-395.
56. Johnson, S. L., Turner, R. J., & Iwata, N. (2003). BIS/BAS levels and psychiatric disorder: An epidemiological study. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 25, 25-36.
57. Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (1997). Neuroticism, marital interaction, and the trajectory of marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1075-1092.
58. Karney, B. R. & Frye, N. E. (2002). “But we’ve been getting better lately”: Comparing prospective and retrospective views of relationship development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 222-238.
59. Kleinman, B. M., Kaczynski, K. J., Laurenceau, J-P., & Carver, C. S. (2007). Assessment of relationship-specific approach and avoidance sensitivities: The RAp/RAv scales. Manuscript under review.
60. Konorski, J. (1948). Conditioned reflexes and neuron organization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
61. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1998). Emotion, motivation, and anxiety: Brain mechanisms and psychophysiology. Biological Psychiatry, 44, 1248-1263.
62. Laurenceau, J-P., Barrett, L. F., & Pietromonaco, P. R. (1998). Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1238-1251.
63. Laurenceau, J-P., Barrett, L. F., & Rovine, M. J. (2005). The interpersonal process model of intimacy in marriage:A daily-diary and multilevel modeling approach. Journal of Family Psychology, 19, 314-323.
64. Laurenceau, J-P., Rivera, L. M., Schaffer, A. R., & Pietromonaco, P. R. (2004). Intimacy as an interpersonal process: Current status and future directions. In D. J. Mashek & A. Aron (Eds.), Handbook of closeness and intimacy (pp. 61-78). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
65. Laurenceau, J-P., Troy, A. B., & Carver, C. S. (2005). Two distinct emotional experiences in romantic relationships:Effects of perceptions regarding approach of intimacy and avoidance of conflict. Personality and Social Psychology Bullentin, 31, 1123-1133.
66. Lawrence, J. W., Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2002). Velocity toward goal attainment in immediate experience as a determinant of affect. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 788-802.
67. MacKay, D. M. (1966). Cerebral organization and the conscious control of action. In J. C. Eccles (Ed.), Brain and conscious experience. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
68. Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954-969.
69. Meyer, B., Johnson, S. L., & Carver, C. S. (1999). Exploring behavioral activation and inhibition sensitivities among college students at risk for bipolar spectrum symptomatology. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 21, 275-292.
70. Meyer, B., Johnson, S. L., & Winters, R. (2001). Responsiveness to threat and incentive in bipolar disorder: Relations of the BIS/BAS scales with symptoms. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 133-143.
71. Miller, N. E. (1944). Experimental studies of conflict. In J. McV. Hunt (Ed.), Personality and the behavior disorders (Vol. 1, pp. 431-465). New York: Ronald Press.
72. Miller, N. E., & Dollard, J. (1941). Social learning and imitation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
73. Ogilvie, D. M. (1987). The undesired self: A neglected variable in personality research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 379-385.
74. Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., & Collins, A. (1988). The cognitive structure of emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press.
75. Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.
76. Peplau, L., & Gordon, S. (1985). Women and men in love:Gender differences in close heterosexual relationships. In V. O’Leary, R. Unger, & B. Wallston (Eds.), Women, gender, and social psychology (pp. 257-292). Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
77. Powers, W. T. (1973). Behavior: The control of perception. Chicago: Aldine.
78. Reis, H. T. (1990). The role of intimacy in interpersonal relations. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 15-30.
79. Reis, H., Senchak, M., & Solomon, B. (1985). Sex differences in the intimacy of social interaction: Further examination of potential explanations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1204-1217.
80. Reis, H., & Shaver, P. (1988). Intimacy as an interpersonal process. In S. W. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships:Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 367-389). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
81. Roseman, I. J. (1984). Cognitive determinants of emotions:A structural theory. In P. Shaver (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 11-36). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
82. Russell, J. A., & Carroll, J. M. (1999). On the bipolarity of positive and negative affect. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 3-30.
83. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Approaching and avoiding self-determination: Comparing cybernetic and organismic paradigms of motivation. In R. S. Wyer, Jr. (Ed.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 12, pp. 193-215). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
84. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
85. Schneirla, T. C. (1959). An evolutionary and developmental theory of biphasic processes underlying approach and withdrawal. In M. R. Jones (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (Vol.7, pp. 1-42). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
86. Simpson, J. A., Oriña, M. M., & Ickes, W. (2003). When accuracy hurts, and when it helps: A test of the empathic accuracy model in marital interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 881-893.
87. Underwood, B. J. (1975). Individual differences as a crucible in theory construction. American Psychologist, 30, 128-134.
88. Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219-235.
89. Watson, D., Wiese, D., Vaidya, J., & Tellegen, A. (1999). The two general activation systems of affect: Structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 820-838.
90. Young, L. J., & Wang, Z. (2004). The neurobiology of pair bonding. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 1048-1054.
91. Zelenski, J. M., & Larsen, R. J. (1999). Susceptibility to affect:A comparison of three personality taxonomies. Journal of Personality, 67, 761-791.
92. Zuckerman, M. (2005). Psychobiology of personality (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.