ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOACOUSTICS

Ecological Psychoacoustics

Volumn , Issue , 2021, Pages 191-217

  Werner, Lynne A ^a   Leibold, Lori J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85139712677     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1163/9780080477442_011     Document Type: Chapter

References (143)

1. Abdala, C., & Folsom, R. C. (1995). The development of frequency resolution in humans as revealed by the auditory brain-stem response recorded with notched-noise masking. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 98, 921-930.
2. Abdala, C., & Sininger, Y. S. (1996). The development of cochlear frequency resolution in the human auditory system. Ear and Hearing, 17, 374-385.
3. Allen, P., & Wightman, F. (1994). Psychometric functions for children's detection of tones in noise. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37, 205-215.
4. Allen, P., & Wightman, F. (1995). Effects of signal and masker uncertainty on children's detection. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 38, 503-511.
5. Ashmead, D., Davis, D., Whalen, T., & Odom, R. (1991). Sound localization and sensitivity to interaural time differences in human infants. Child Development, 62, 1211-1226.
6. Ashmead, D. H., Clifton, R. K., & Perris, E. E. (1987). Precision of auditory localization in human infants. Developmental Psychology, 23, 641-647.
7. Bahrick, L. E. (1987). Infants' intermodal perception of two levels of temporal structure in natural events. Infant Behavior and Development, 10, 387-416.
8. Bargones, J. Y., & Werner, L. A. (1994). Adults listen selectively; infants do not. Psychological Science, 5, 170-174.
9. Bargones, J. Y., Werner, L. A., & Marean, G. C. (1995). Infant psychometric functions for detection: Mechanisms of immature sensitivity. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 98, 99-111.
10. Bertoncini, J. (1993). Infants' perception of speech units: Primary representation capacities. In B. de Boysson-Bardies, S. de Schonen, P. Jusczyk, P. McNeilage, and J. Morton (Eds.), Developmental neurocognition: Speech and face processing in the first year of life (pp. 249-257). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
11. Bertoncini, J., Bijeljac-Babic, R., Jusczyk, P. w., Kennedy, L. J., & Mehler, J. (1988). An investigation of young infants' perceptual representations of speech sounds. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 21-33.
12. Bertoncini, J., & Mehler, J. (1981). Syllables as units of infant speech perception. Infant Behavior and Development, 4, 247-260.
13. Blauert, J. (1983). Spatial hearing: The psychophysics of human sound localization (J. S. Allen, Trans., rev. ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
14. Burnham, D., Kitamura, C., & Vollmer-Conna, U. (2002). What's new, pussycat? On talking to babies and animals. Science, 296, 1435-1435.
15. Cheour, M., Martynova, O., Naatanen, R., Erkkola, R., Sillanpaa, M., Kero, P., et al. (2002). Speech sounds learned by sleeping newborns. Nature, 415, 599-600.
16. Clarkson, M. G., & Clifton, R. K. (1991). Acoustic determinants of newborn orienting. In M. J. S. Weiss and P. R. Zelazo (Eds.), Newborn attention: Biological constraints and the influence of experience (pp. 99-119). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
17. Clarkson, M. G., Clifton, R. K., Swain, J. U., & Perris, E. E. (1989). Stimulus duration and repetition rate influences newborns' head orientation toward sound. Developmental Psychology, 22, 683-705.
18. Clifton, R. K. (1992). The development of spatial hearing in human infants. In L. A. Werner and E. W. Rubel (Eds.), Developmental psychoacoustics (pp. 135-157). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
19. Clifton, R. K., Morrongiello, B. A., & Dowd, J. M. (1984). A developmental look at an auditory illusion: The precedence effect. Developmental Psychobiology, 17, 519-536.
20. Clifton, R. K., Perris, E. E., & Bullinger, A. (1991). Infants' perception of auditory space. Developmental Psychology, 27, 187-197.
21. Colombo, J., Frick, J. E., Ryther, J. S., Coldren, J. T., & Mitchell, D. W. (1995). Infants' detection of analogs of "motherese" in noise. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41, 104-113.
22. Cooper, R. P. (1997). An ecological approach to infants' perception of intonation contours as meaningful aspects of speech. In C. Dent-Read and P. Zukow-Goldring (Eds.), Evolving explanations of development: Ecological approaches to organism-environment systems (pp. 55-85). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
23. Cooper, R. P., & Aslin, R. N. (1994). Developmental differences in infant attention to the spectral properties of infant-directed speech. Child Development, 65, 1663-1677.
24. Dai, H., & Wright, B. A. (1995). Detecting signals of unexpected or uncertain durations. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 98, 798-806.
25. Demany, L. (1982). Auditory stream segregation in infancy. Infant Behavior and Development, 5, 261-276.
26. Doyle, A. B. (1973). Listening to distraction: A developmental study of selective attention. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 15, 100-115.
27. Eimas, P. D. (1999). Segmental and syllabic representations in tbe perception of speech by young infants. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 105, 1901-1911.
28. Elfenbein, J. L., Small, A. M., & Davis, M. (1993). Developmental patterns of duration discrimination. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 36, 842-849.
29. Elias, G., & Broerse, J. (1995). Temporal patterning of vocal behaviour in mother-infant engagements: Infant-initiated "encounters" as units of analysis. Australian Journal of Psychology, 47, 47-53.
30. Eppler, M. A. (1995). Development of manipulatory skills and the deployment of attention. Infant Behavior and Development, 18, 391-405.
31. Fassbender, C. (1993). Auditory grouping and segregation processes in infancy. Norderstedt, Germany: Kaste Verlag.
32. Fernald, A. (1985). Four-month-old infants prefer to listen to motherese. Infant Behavior and Development, 8, 181-195.
33. Fernald, A., Taeschner, T., Dunn, J., Papousek, M., de Boysson-Bardies, B., & Fukui, J. (1989). A cross-language study of prosodic modifications in mothers' and fathers' speech to preverbal infants. Journal of Child Language, 16, 477-501.
34. Field, T. J., Muir, D., Pilon, R., Sinclair, M., & Dodwell, P. (1980). Infants' orientation to lateral sounds from birth to three months. Child Development, 51, 295-298.
35. Flege, J. E., & Eefting, W (1986). Linguistic and develeopmental effects on the production and perception of stop consonants. Phonetica, 43, 155-171.
36. Fletcher, H. (1940). Auditory patterns. Reviews of Modern Physics, 12, 47-65.
37. Folsom, R. C., & Wynne, M. K. (1987). Auditory brain stem responses from human adults and infants: Wave V tuning curves. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 81, 412-417.
38. Gibson, E. J. (2000). Perceptual learning in development: Some basic concepts. Ecological Psychology, 12, 295-302.
39. Gibson, E. J., & Pick, A. D. (2000). An ecological approach to perceptual learning and development. London, England: Oxford University Press.
40. Gibson, J. J. (1986). The ecological approach to visual perception. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
41. Gogate, L. J., Bahrick, L. E., & Watson, J. J. (2000). A study of multimodal motberese: The role of temporal synchrony between verbal labels and gestures. Child Development, 71, 878-894.
42. Gray, L. (1992). Interactions between sensory and nonsensory factors in the responses of newborn birds to sound. In L. A. Werner and E. W. Rubel (Eds.), Developmental psychoacoustics (pp. 89-112). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
43. Grieser, D. L., & Kuhl, P. K. (1988). Maternal speech to infants in a tonal language: Support for universal prosodic features in motberese. Developmental Psychology, 24, 14-20.
44. Hall, J. W., III and Grose, J. H. (1991). Notched-noise measures of frequency selectivity in adults and children using fixed-masker-Ievel and fixed-signal-level presentation. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 34, 651-660.
45. Hall, J. W., III and Grose, J. H. (1994). Development of temporal resolution in children as measured by the temporal modulation transfer function. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 96, 150-154.
46. Hartley, D. E. H., Wright, B. A., Hogan, S. c., & Moore, D. R. (2000). Age-related improvements in auditory backward and simultaneous masking in 6- to lO-year-old children. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 43, 1402-1415.
47. Hazan, v., & Barrett, S. (2000). The development of phonemic categorization in children aged 6-12. Journal of Phonetics, 28, 377-396.
48. Hohne, E. A., & Jusczyk, P. W (1994). Two-month-olds' sensitivity to allophonic variants. Perception and Psychophysics, 56, 613-623.
49. Hollich, G., Jusczyk, P. W, & Luce, P. A. (2000). Infant sensitivity to lexical neighborhoods during word learning. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 108, 2481.
50. Irwin, R. J., Ball, A. K. R., Kay, N., Stillman, J. A., & Rosser, J. (1985). The development of auditory temporal acuity in children. Child Development, 56, 614-620.
51. Jensen, J. K., & Neff, D. L. (1993). Development of basic auditory discrimination in preschool children. Psychological Science, 4, 104-107.
52. Johnson, E. K., & Jusczyk, P. W. (2001). Word segmentation by 8-month-olds: When speech cues count more than statistics. Journal of Memory and Language, 44, 548-567.
53. Johnson, E. K., Jusczyk, P. W., Cutler, A., & Norris, D. (2000). 12-month-olds show evidence of possible word constraint. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 108, 2481.
54. Jusczyk, P. W., & Aslin, R. N. (1995). Infants' detection of the sound patterns of words in fluent speech. Cognitive Psychology, 29, 1-23.
55. Jusczyk, P. W, Bertoncini, J., Bijeljac-Babic, R., Kennedy, L. J., & Mehler, J. (1990). The role of attention in speech perception by young infants. Cognitive Development, 5, 265-286.
56. Jusczyk, P. W., Cutler, A., & Redanz, N. J. (1993). Infants' preference for the predominant stress patterns of English words. Child Development, 64, 675-687.
57. Jusczyk, P. W, Friederici, A. D., Wessels, J. M. I., Svenkerud, V. Y., & Jusczyk, A. M. (1993). Infants' sensitivity to the sound patterns of native language words. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, 402-420.
58. Jusczyk, P. W., Hohne, E. A., & Bauman, A. (1999). Infants' sensitivty to allophonic cues for word segmentation. Perception and Psychophysics, 61, 1465-1476.
59. Jusczyk, P. W., Houston, D., & Newsome, M. (1999). The beginnings of word segmentation in English-learning infants. Cognitive Psychology, 39, 159-207.
60. Jusczyk, P. W, Jusczyk, A. M., Kennedy, L. J., Schomberg, T., & Koenig, N. (1995). Young infants retention of information about bisyllabic utterances. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Peiformance, 21, 822-836.
61. Jusczyk, P. W., & Luce, P. A. (1994). Infants sensitivity to phonotactic patterns in the native language. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 630-645.
62. Jusczyk, P. W., & Luce, P. A. (2002). Speech perception and spoken word recognition: Past and present. Ear and Hearing, 23, 2-40.
63. Jusczyk, P. W., Rosner, B. S., Reed, M. A., & Kennedy, L. J. (1989). Could temporal order differences underlie 2-month-olds' discrimination of English voicing contrasts? Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 85, 1741-1749.
64. Keefe, D. H., Bulen, J. c., Arehart, K. H., & Bums, E. M. (1993). Ear-canal impedance and reflection coefficient in human infants and adults. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 94, 2617-2638.
65. Keefe, D. H., Bums, E. M., Bulen, J. C., & Campbell, S. L. (1994). Pressure transfer function from the diffuse field to the human infant ear canal. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 355-371.
66. Keefe, D. H., & Levi, E. C. (1996). Maturation of the middle and external ears: Acoustic power-based responses and reflectance typmanometry. Ear and Hearing, 17, 1-13.
67. Kellman, P. J., & Arterberry, M. E. (1998). The cradle of knowledge: Development of perception in infancy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
68. Kidd, G., Mason, C. R., Deliwala, P. S., Woods, W S., & Colburn, H. S. (1994). Reducing informational masking by sound segregation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 3475-3480.
69. Knudsen, E. I. (1988). Experience shapes sound localization and auditory unit properties during development in the barn owl. In G. M. Edelman, W E. Gall, and W M. Cowan (Eds.), Auditory function: Neurobiological bases of hearing (pp. 137-149). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
70. Kuhl, P. K., Andruski, J. E., Chistovich, I. A., Chistovich, L. A., Kozhevnikova, E. v., Ryskina, V. L., et al. (1997). Cross-language analysis of phonetic units in language addressed to infants. Science, 277, 684-686.
71. Kuhl, P. K., & Meltzoff, A. N. (1982). The bimodal perception of speech in infancy. Science, 218, 1138-1140.
72. Kuhl, P. K., & Meltzoff, A. N. (1996). Infant vocalizations in response to speech: Vocal imitation and developmental change. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 100, 2425-2438.
73. Kuhl, P. K., Williams, K., & Meltzoff, A. (1991). Cross-modal speech perception in adults and infants using nonspeech auditory stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 17, 829-840.
74. Kuhl, P. K., Williams, K. A., Lacerda, E, Stevens, K. N., & Lindblom, B. (1992). Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age. Science, 255, 606--608.
75. Levi, E. C., & Werner, L. A. (1996). Amplitude modulation detection in infancy: Update on 3-montholds. Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 19, 142.
76. Lewkowicz, D. 1. (1992). Infants' response to temporally based intersensory equivalence: The effect of synchronous sounds on visual preferences for moving stimuli. Infant Behavior and Development, 15, 297-304.
77. Lewkowicz, D. 1. (1996). Perception of auditory-visual temporal synchrony in human infants. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 1094-1106.
78. Lewkowicz, D. J. (1999). The development of temporal and spatial intermodal perception. In G. Aschersleben, & T. Bachmann (Eds.), Cognitive contributions to the perception of spatial and temporal events. Advances in psychology, 129 (pp. 395-420). Amsterdam: North-Holland! Elsevier Science Publishers.
79. Lewkowicz, D. 1. (2000). Infants' perception of the audible, visible, and bimodal attributes of multimodal syllables. Child Development, 71, 1241-1257.
80. Liberman, A. M., & Whalen, D. H. (2000). On the relation of speech to language. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 187-196.
81. Litovsky, R. Y. (1997). Developmental changes in the precedence effect: Estimates of minimum audible angle. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 102, 1739-1745.
82. Litovsky, R. Y., & Clifton, R. K. (1992). Use of sound-pressure level in auditory distance discrimination by 6-month-old infants and adults. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 92, 794-802.
83. Maddieson, I. (1984). Patterns of sounds. New York: Cambridge University Press.
84. Massaro, D. W. (1998). Perceiving talking faces: From speech perception to a behavioral principle. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.
85. Mattys, S. L., & lusczyk, P. W. (2001). Do infants segment words or recurring patterns? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 644-655.
86. Mattys, S. L., lusczyk, P. W., Luce, P. A., & Morgan, 1. L. (1999). Word segmentation in infants: How phonotactics and prosody combine. Cognitive Psychology, 38, 465-494.
87. McAdams, S., & Bertoncini, J. (1997). Organization and discrimination ofrepeating sound sequences by newborn infants. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 102, 2945-2953.
88. McGurk, H., & MacDonald, J. (1976). Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature, 264, 746-748.
89. Moore, J. M., Thompson, G., & Thompson, M. (1975). Auditory localization of infants as a function of reinforcement conditions. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 40, 29-34.
90. Morrongiello, B. A. (1988). Infants' localization of sounds along two spatial dimensions: Horizontal and vertical axes. Infant Behavior and Development, 11, 127-143.
91. Morrongiello, B. A., Fenwick, K., & Chance, G. (1990). Sound localization acuity in very young infants: An observer-based testing procedure. Developmental Psychology, 26, 75-84.
92. Morrongiello, B. A., Fenwick, K. D., & Chance, G. (1998). Cross modal learning in newborn infants: Inferences about properties of auditory-visual events. Infant Behavior and Development, 21, 543-554.
93. Morrongiello, B. A., Fenwick, K. D., Hillier, L., & Chance, G. (1994). Sound localization in newborn human infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 27, 519-538.
94. Morrongiello, B. A., & Rocca, P. T. (1987). Infants' localization of sounds in the median sagittal plane: Effects of signal frequency. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 82, 900-905.
95. Morrongiello, B. A., & Rocca, P. T. (1990). Infants' localization of sounds within hemifields: Estimates of minimum audible angle. Child Development, 61, 1258-1270.
96. Morrongiello, B. A., & Trehub, S. E. (1987). Age-related changes in auditory temporal perception. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 44, 413-426.
97. Nazzi, T., Bertoncini, J., & Mehler, J. (1998). Language discrimination by newborns: Toward an understanding of the role of rhythm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 756-766.
98. Neff, D. L., & Dethlefs, T. M. (1995). Individual differences in simultaneous masking with randomfrequency, multicomponent maskers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 98, 125-134.
99. Neff, D. L., & Green, D. M. (1987). Masking produced by spectral uncertainty with multicomponent maskers. Perception and Psychophysics, 41, 409-415.
100. Newman, R. S., & Jusczyk, P. W. (1996). The cocktail effect in infants. Perception and Psychophysics, 58, 1145-1156.
101. Nittrouer, S., & Boothroyd, A. (1990). Context effects in phoneme and word recognition by young children and older adults. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 87, 2705-2715.
102. Nittrouer, S., & Miller, M. E. (1997). Predicting developmental shifts in perceptual weighting schemes. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101, 3353-3366.
103. Nittrouer, S., & Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1987). The role of articulatory effects in the perception of fricatives by children and adults. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 30, 319-329.
104. Niwano, K., & Sugai, K. (2002). Acoustic determinants eliciting Japanese infants' vocal response to maternal speech. Psychological Reports, 90, 83-90.
105. Oh, E. L., & Lutfi, R. A. (1999). Informational masking by everyday sounds. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106, 3521-3528.
106. Oh, E. L., Wightman, F., & Lutfi, R. A. (2001). Children's detection of pure-tone signals with random multitone maskers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109, 2888-2895.
107. Olsho, L. W. (1984). Infant frequency discrimination. Infant Behavior and Development, 7, 27-35.
108. Olsho, L. W., Koch, E. G., Carter, E. A., Halpin, C. F., & Spetner, N. B. (1988). Pure-tone sensitivity of human infants. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 84, 1316-1324.
109. Perris, E. E., & Clifton, R. K. (1988). Reaching in the dark toward sound as a measure of auditory localization in infants. Infant Behavior and Development, II, 473-491.
110. Piaget, J. (1954). The construction of reality in the child. New York: Basic Books.
111. Pollack, J. (1975). Auditory informational masking. Acoustical Society of America, Suppl. 1, 57.
112. Saffran, J. R. (2001). Words in a sea of sounds: The output of infant statistical learning. Cognition, 81, 149-169.
113. Saffran, J. R., Aslin, R. N., & Newport, E. L. (1996). Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants. Science, 274, 1926-1928.
114. Schneider, B. A., MOITongiello, B. A., & Trehub, S. E. (1990). The size of the critical band in infants, children, and adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16, 642-652.
115. Schneider, B. A., Trehub, S. E., MOITongiello, B. A., & Thorpe, L. A. (1986). Auditory sensitivity in preschool children. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 79, 447-452.
116. Schneider, R. A., Trehub, S. E., MOITongiello, B. A., & Thorpe, L. A. (1989). Developmental changes in masked thresholds. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 86, 1733-1742.
117. Siegel, G. M., Cooper, M., Morgan, J. L., & Brenneise-Sarshad, R. (1990). Imitation of intonation by infants. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 33, 9-15.
118. Sinnott, J. M., & Aslin, R. N. (1985). Frequency and intensity discrimination in human infants and adults. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 78, 1986-1992.
119. Spetner, N. B., & Olsho, L. W. (1990). Auditory frequency resolution in human infancy. Child Development, 61, 632…u52.
120. Stark, R. E. (1986). Prespeech segmental feature development. In P. Fletcher and M. Garman (Eds.), Language acquisition (2nd ed., pp. 149-173). New York: Cambridge University Press.
121. Stein, B. E., & Meredith, M. A. (1993). The merging of the senses. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
122. Sussman, J. E., & Carney, A. E. (1989). Effects of transition length on the perception of stop consonants by children and adults. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 32, 151-160.
123. Tarquinio, N., Zelazo, P. R., & Weiss, M. J. (1990). Recovery of neonatal head turning to decreased sound pressure level. Developmental Psychology, 26, 752-758.
124. Walker-Andrews, A. S. (1997). Infants' perception of expressive behaviors: Differentiation of multimodal information. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 437-456.
125. Walker-Andrews, A. S., & Lennon, E. M. (1985). Auditory-visual perception of changing distance by human infants. Child Development, 56, 544-548.
126. Walley, A. c., & FJege, J. E. (1999). Effect of lexical status on children's and adults' perception of native and non-native vowels. Journal of Phonetics, 27, 307-332.
127. Watson, C. S., Wroton, H. W., Kelly, W. J., & Benbassat, C. A. (1975). Factors in the discrimination of tonal patterns. 1. Component frequency, temporal position, and silent intervals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 57, 1175-1185.
128. Werker, J. F., & Desjardins, R. N. (2001). Listening to speech in the 1st year oflife. In M. Tomasello and E. Bates (Eds.), Language development: The essential readings (pp. 26-33). Blackwell Publishers: Oxford.
129. Werker, J. F., & Lalonde, C. E. (1988). Cross-language speech perception: Initial capabilities and developmental change. Developmental Psychology, 24, 672-683.
130. Werker, J. E, & McLeod, P. J. (1989). Infant preference for both male and female infant-directed talk: A developmental study of attentional and affective responsiveness. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 43, 230-246.
131. Werker, J. E, & Tees, R. C. (1983). Developmental changes across childhood in the perception of non-native speech sounds. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 37, 278-286.
132. Werker, J. E, & Tees, R. C. (1984). Cross-language speech perception: Evidence for perceptual reorganization during the first year of life. Infant Behavior and Development, 7, 49-63.
133. Werner, L. A. (1995). Observer-based approaches to human infant psychoacoustics. In G. M. Klump, R. J. Dooling, R. R. Fay, and W. C. Stebbins (Eds.), Methods in comparative psychoacoustics (pp. \35-146). Boston: Birkhauser Verlag.
134. Werner, L. A. (1996). The development of auditory behavior (or what the anatomists and physiologists have to explain). Ear and Hearing, 17, 438-446.
135. Werner, L. A., & Bargones, J. Y. (1991). Sources of auditory masking in infants: Distraction effects. Perception and Psychophysics, 50, 405-412.
136. Werner, L. A., & Boike, K. (2001). Infants' sensitivity to broadband noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109, 2101-2111.
137. Werner, L. A., Folsom, R. C., & Manel, L. R. (1994). The relationship between auditory brainstem response latencies and behavioral thresholds in normal hearing infants and adults. Hearing Research, 77, 88-98.
138. Werner, L. A., & Gillenwater, J. M. (1990). Pure-tone sensitivity of 2- to 5-week-old infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 13, 355-375.
139. Werner, L. A., & Marean, G. C. (1995). Human auditory development. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
140. Werner, L. A., Marean, G. c., Halpin, C. E, Spetner, N. B., & Gillenwater, J. M. (1992). Infant auditory temporal acuity: Gap detection. Child Development, 63, 260-272.
141. Wightman, E, Allen, P., Dolan, T., Kistler, D., & Jamieson, D. (1989). Temporal resolution in children. Child Development, 60, 611-624.
142. Wilmington, D., Gray, L., & Jahrsdorfer, R. (1994). Binaura J processing after corrected congenital unilateral conductive hearing loss. Hearing Research, 74, 99-114.
143. Withington-Wray, D. J., Binns, K. E., & Keating, M. J. (1990). A four-day period of bimodality auditory and visual experience is sufficient to permit normal emergence of the map of auditory space in the guinea pig superior colliculus. Neuroscience Letters, 116, 280-286.