Systemic Drugs

Nails: Diagnosis, Therapy, Surgery: Third Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 177-194

  Cohen, Philip R ^a,b   Daniel, C Ralph ^c,d   Scher, Richard K ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b Dermatologic Surgery Center of Houston   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^e Columbia University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85134284542     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-141602356-2/50022-0     Document Type: Chapter

References (252)

1. Adrian RM, Hood AF, Skarin AT Mucocutaneous reactions to antineoplastic agents. CA Cancer J Clin 1980, 30:143.
2. Alagaratnam TT, Choi TK, Ong GB Doxorubicin and hyperpigmentation. Aust NZ J Surg 1982, 52:531.
3. Alam M, Scher RK Indinavir-related recurrent paronychia and ingrown toenails. Cutis 1999, 64:277-278.
4. Alderman LC, Bergin JJ Hydrogen selenide poisoning: an illustrative case with review of the literature. Arch Environ Health 1986, 41:354.
5. Althause TL, Gunther L Acute arsenic poisoning. JAMA 1929, 92:2002.
6. Anderson LL, Thomas DE, Berger TG, Vukelja SJ Cutaneous pigmentation after daunorubicin chemotherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992, 26:255-256.
7. Angeloni VL, Salasche SJ, Ortiz R Nail, skin, and scleral pigmentation induced by minocycline. Cutis 1987, 40:229-233.
8. Antoni AM, Mallolas J, Gatell J, et al. Zidovudine-induced nail pigmentation. Arch Dermatol 1988, 124:1570.
9. Arakawa S, Takamatsu T, Imashuku S, Kusunoki T Plasma ACTH and melanocyte-stimulating hormone in nail pigmentation. Arch Dis Child 1978, 53:249-258.
10. Aste N, Fumo G, Contu F, Aste N, Biggio P Nail pigmentation caused by hydroxyurea: report of 9 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002, 47:146-147.
11. Badcock NR Detection of poisoning by substances other than drugs: a neglected art. Ann Clin Biochem 2000, 37:146-157.
12. Bailin PL, Matkaluk RM Cutaneous reactions to rheumatological drugs. Clin Rheum Dis 1982, 8:493.
13. Baker H Drug reactions. Textbook of dermatology 1979, 1111-1140. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. 3rd edn. A. Rook, D.S. Wilkinson, F.J.G. Ebling (Eds.).
14. Baran R, Brun P Photoonycholysis induced by the fluoroquinolones pefloxacine and ofloxacine. Dermatologica 1986, 173:185.
15. Baran R, Dawber RPR, Richert B Physical signs. Baran and Dawber's diseases of the nails and their management 2001, 48-103. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. 3rd edn. R. Baran, R.P.R. Dawber, D.A.R. de Berker (Eds.).
16. Baran R, Juhlin L Drug-induced photo-onycholysis: three subtypes identified in a study of 15 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987, 17:1012.
17. Baran R, Juhlin L Photoonycholysis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2002, 18:202-207.
18. Baran R, Laugier P Melanonychia induced by topical 5-fluorouracil. Br J Dermatol 1985, 112:621-625.
19. Baran R, Perrin C Fixed-drug eruption presenting as an acute paronychia. Br J Dermatol 1991, 125:592-595.
20. Barnhart ER Physicians' desk reference 1989, Medical Economics Inc, Oradell, NJ.
21. Barr JF Subungual pigmentation following prolonged atabrine therapy. US Navy Med Bull 1944, 43:924.
22. Bauer F Quinacrine hydrochloride drug eruption (tropical lichenoid dermatitis). J Am Acad Dermatol 1981, 4:239.
23. Bellmunt J, Knobel H, Navarro M, Jolis L Nailfold capillary microscopy and bleomycin-induced vascular toxicity [letter]. Cancer Investigation 1990, 8:641.
24. Bellmunt J, Navarro M, Morales S, et al. Capillary microscopy is a potentially useful method for detecting bleomycin vascular toxicity. Cancer 1990, 65:303-309.
25. Ben-Dayan D, Mittelman M, Floru S, Djaldetti M Transverse nail ridgings (Beau's lines) induced by chemotherapy. Acta Haematol 1994, 91:89-90.
26. Bethell HJN Photo-onycholysis caused by demethylchlortetracycline. Br Med J 1977, 2:96.
27. Bettley FR, Samman PD Photo-onycholysis. Proc Roy Soc Med 1974, 67:600.
28. Bianchi L, Iraci S, Tomassoli M, et al. Coexistence of apparent transverse leukonychia (Muehrcke's lines type) and longitudinal melanonychia after 5-fluorouracil/adriamycin/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Dermatology 1992, 185:216-217.
29. Birmingham DJ Cutaneous reactions to chemicals in dermatology. Dermatology in general medicine 1979, 995-1006. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2nd edn. T.B. Fitzpatrick, A.Z. Eisen, K. Wolf (Eds.).
30. Bisht DB, Singh SS Pigmented bands on nails: a new sign of malnutrition. Lancet 1962, 1:507.
31. Bjellerup M Nail changes induced by penicillamine. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1989, 69:339.
32. Bockers M, Wagner R, Oster O Nail dyschromia as the leading symptoms in chronic mercury poisoning caused by a cosmetic bleaching preparation. Z Hautkr 1985, 15:821.
33. Borfders JV Captopril and onycholysis. Ann Intern Med 1986, 105:305.
34. Borecky DJ, Stephenson JJ, Keeling JH, Vukelja SJ Idarubicin-induced pigmentary changes of the nails. Cutis 1997, 59:203-204.
35. Boucher KW, Davidson K, Mirakhur B, et al. Paronychia induced by cetuximab, an antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002, 47:632-633.
36. Bovednmyer DA Cold-sensitive fingers from bleomycin. Schoch Lett 1984, 34:31.
37. Bronner AK, Hood AF Cutaneous complications of chemotherapeutic agents. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983, 9:645.
38. Brueggemeyer CD, Ramirez G Onycholysis associated with captopril. Lancet 1984, 1:1352.
39. Bryden JP Contraceptive pill-induced porphyria cutanea tarda presenting with onycholysis of fingernails. Postgrad Med J 1976, 52:535.
40. Buka R, Hille R, McCormack P Yellow nail pigmentation following depakote therapy. J Drugs Dermatol 2003, 2:545-547.
41. Cakir B, Sucak G, Haznedar R Longitudinal pigmented nail bands during hydroxyurea therapy. Int J Dermatol 1997, 36:236-237.
42. Campbell JP, Grekin RC, Ellis CN, et al. Retinoid therapy is associated with excess granulation tissue responses. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983, 9:708.
43. Carter WI Disorders of the nails. Br Med J 1966, 2:1198.
44. Cather JC, Cohen PR Human immunodeficiency virus (unit 14-25). Clinical dermatology, 26th revision 1999, 1-39. JB Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. D.J. Demis, B.H. Thiers, W.H.C. Burgdorf, S.S. Raimer (Eds.).
45. Cavens TR Onycholysis of the thumbs probably due to a phototoxic reaction from doxycycline. Cutis 1981, 27:53-54.
46. Centers for Disease Control Morbidity and mortality report. JAMA 1984, 251:1938.
47. Cetm M, Utas S, Unal A, Altmbas Shedding of the nails due to chemotherapy (onychomadesis) [letter]. J European Acad Dermatol Venereol 1998, 11:193-194.
48. Chapman S, Cohen PR Transverse leukonychia in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. South Med J 1997, 90:395-398.
49. Chen G-Y, Chen Y-H, Hsu MML, et al. Onychomadesis and onycholysis associated with capecitabine [letter]. Br J Dermatol 2001, 145:521-522.
50. Cirimele V, Kintz P, Mangin P Detection of amphetamines in fingernails: an alternative to hair analysis. Arch Toxicol 1995, 70:68-69.
51. Cleveland MG, Mallory SB Incomplete Reiter's syndrome induced by systemic interferon alpha treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993, 29:788.
52. Cockerell CJ, Cohen PR Cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Cutaneous manifestations of viral disease 2002, 307-395. Marcel Decker, Inc., New York. S.K. Tyring (Ed.).
53. Coffin SE, Puck J Painful discoloration of the fingernails in a 15-year-old boy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993, 12:702-703. 706.
54. Cohen PR Red lunulae: case report and literature review. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992, 26:292-294.
55. Cohen PR Cancer chemotherapy-associated mucocutaneous reactions. Medical oncology: a comprehensive board review (from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and from the journal Oncology) 1993, 491-500. PRR, Huntington, New York. R. Pazdur (Ed.).
56. Cohen PR The lunula. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996, 34:943-953.
57. Cohen PR New onset nail abnormalities (cancer chemotherapy-induced Beau's lines [acquired horizontal ridges of the nail plate] and transverse leukonychia [horizontal white nail bands]) (Dermatology Clinic). The Clinical Advisor 2003, 6(4):40-43.
58. Cohen PR New onset nail abnormalities (cancer chemotherapy-induced Beau's lines [acquired horizontal ridges of the nail plate] and transverse leukonychia [horizontal white nail bands]). (Dermatology Dx). Cortlandt Forum 2003, 16(12):33. 37.
59. Cohen PR, Tschen JA What caused the extensive cutaneous pigmentation? (minocycline-induced cutaneous pigmentation) (Derm Dx). Skin & Aging 2003, 11(7):94-96.
60. Coskey RJ Onycholysis from sodium hypochloride. Arch Dermatol 1974, 109:96.
61. Cunha AP, Resende C, Barros L, et al. Transverse melanonychia caused by the use of infliximab to treat refractory pyoderma gangrenosum (P23-28). J European Acad Dermatol Venereol 2002, 16(Suppl 1):250.
62. Cunningham D, Gilchrist NL, Forrest GJ, Soukop M Onycholysis associated with cytotoxic drugs. Br Med J 1985, 290:675-676.
63. Curran CF Onycholysis in doxorubicin-treated patients (letter). Arch Dermatol 1990, 126:1244.
64. Dainichi T, Tanaka M, Tsuruta N, et al. Development of multiple paronychia and periungual granulation in patients treated with gefitinib, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor. Dermatology 2003, 207:324-325.
65. Daniel CR Nail pigmentation abnormalities. Dermatol Clin 1985, 3:431-443.
66. Daniel CR, Osment LS Nail pigmentation abnormalities: their importance and proper examination. Cutis 1980, 25:595.
67. Daniel CR, Piraccini BM, Tosti A The nail and hair in forensic science. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004, 50:258-261.
68. Daniel CR, Scher RK Nail changes secondary to systemic drugs and ingestants. Nails: therapy, diagnosis, surgery 1997, 251-262. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. 2nd edn. R.K. Scher, C.R. Daniel (Eds.).
69. Daniel CR, Scher RK Nail changes secondary to systemic drugs or ingestants. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984, 10:250-258.
70. Daniel CR, Scher RK Nail changes caused by systemic drugs or ingestants. Dermatol Clin 1985, 3:491-500.
71. Dawber RPR, de Berker DAR, Baran R Science of the nail apparatus. Baran and Dawber's diseases of the nails and their management 2001, 1-47. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. 3rd edn. R. Baran, R.P.R. Dawber, D.A.R. de Berker (Eds.).
72. Dawn G, Kanwar AJ, Dhar S Nail pigmentation due to roxithromycin. Dermatology 1995, 191:342-343.
73. Degowin EL, Degowin RL The nails. Bedside diagnostic examination 1969, 644-653. Macmillan, New York. 2nd edn. E.L. Degowin, R.L. Degowin (Eds.).
74. Del-Pozo LJ, Vilalla J, Jimeno M, et al. Skin and ungual pigmentation caused by Ftorafur. Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am 1990, 18:78.
75. Delaunay M Effets cutanes indesirables de la chemiotherapie antitumorale. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1989, 116:1989.
76. deMarinis M, Hendricks AW, Stoltzner G Nail pigmentation with daunorubicin therapy. Ann Intern Med 1978, 89:516-517.
77. Don PC, Silverman RA Nail dystrophy caused by lithium carbonate. Cutis 1988, 41:19.
78. Douglas AC The deposition of tetracycline in human nails and teeth: a comparison of long-term treatment. Br J Dis Chest 1963, 57:44.
79. Dunagin WG Clinical toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents: dermatologic toxicity. Semin Oncol 1982, 9:14.
80. Eastwood JB, Cutis JR, Smith EKM, DeWardener HE Shedding of nails apparently induced by the administration of large amounts of cephaloridine and cloxacillin in two anephric patients. Br J Dermatol 1969, 81:750.
81. Engelhart DA, Lavin ES, Sutheimer CA Detection of drugs of abuse in nails. J Analytical Toxicology 1998, 22:314-318.
82. Epstein E Persisting Raynaud's phenomenon following intralesional bleomycin treatment of finger warts. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985, 13:468.
83. Feder W, Auerback R 'Purple toes': an uncommon sequela of oral coumarin drug therapy. Ann Intern Med 1961, 55:911.
84. Feiler-Ofry V, Godel V, Lazar M Nail pigmentation following timolol maleate therapy. Ophthalmologica 1981, 182:153.
85. Fenton D Side effects of benoxaprofen. BMJ 1982, 284:1631.
86. Fenton DA, English JS, Wilkinson JD Reversal of male-pattern baldness, hypertrichosis and accelerated hair and nail growth in patients receiving benoxaprofen. Br Med J 1982, 284:1228.
87. Ferguson MM, Simpson NB, Hammersley N Severe nail dystrophy associated with retinoid therapy. Lancet 1983, 2:974.
88. Frank SB, Cohen HJ, Minkin W Photoonycholysis due to tetracycline hydrochloride and doxycycline. Arch Dermatol 1971, 103:520.
89. Furth PA, Kazakis AM Nail pigmentation changes associated with azidothymidine (zidovudine). Ann Intern Med 1987, 107:350.
90. Garside D, Goldberg BA Forensic and medicolegal issues. Atlas of hair and nails 2000, 227-232. Churchill Livingstone, New York. M.K. Hordinsky, M. Sawaya, R.K. Scher (Eds.).
91. Garside D, Ropero-Miller JD, Goldberger BA, et al. Identification of cocaine analytes in fingernail and toenail specimens. J Forensic Sci 1998, 43:974-979.
92. Geller RJ, Ekins BR, Iknoion RC Cyanide toxicity from acetonitrile-containing false nail remover. Am J Emerg Med 1991, 9:268.
93. Geyer AS, Onumah N, Uytendaele H, Scher RK Modulation of linear nail growth to treat diseases of the nail. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004, 50:229-234.
94. Giacobetti R, Esterly NB, Morgan ER Nail hyperpigmentation secondary to therapy with doxorubicin. Am J Dis Child 1981, 135:317.
95. Gonzalez FU, Gil MDCC, Martinez AA, et al. Cutaneous toxicity of intralesional bleomycin administration in the treatment of periungual warts [letter]. Arch Dermatol 1986, 122:974-975.
96. Gordon G, Sparano BM, Iatropoulos MJ Hyperpigmentation of the skin associated with minocycline therapy. Arch Dermatol 1985, 121:618-623.
97. Graeber CW, Lapkin RA Metoprolol and alopecia. Cutis 1981, 28:633.
98. Granstein RD, Sober AJ Drug and heavy metal-induced hyperpigmentation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981, 5:1.
99. Greiner D, Schofer H, Milbradt R Reversible transverse overcurvature of the nails (pincer nails) after treatment with a ?-blocker. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998, 39:486-487.
100. Griest MC, Norins AL Benoxaprofen: a new arthritis medication that causes phototoxicity [letter]. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982, 5:689.
101. Griest MC, Ozois, Ridolfo AS, et al. The phototoxic effects of benoxaprofen and their management and prevention. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm 1982, 5:138.
102. Gropper CA, Don PC, Sadjadi MM Nail and skin hyperpigmentation assoicated with hydroxyurea for polycythemia vera. Int J Dermatol 1993, 32:731.
103. Grossman M, Scher RK Leukonychia: review and classification. Int J Dermatol 1990, 29:535-541.
104. Gulbranson SH, Hud JA, Hansen RC Argyria following the use of dietary supplements containing colloidal silver protein. Cutis 2000, 66:373-374. 376.
105. Gventer M, Brunetti VA Photo-onycholysis secondary to tetracycline: a case report. J Am Podiatric Med Assoc 1985, 75:658-660.
106. Hanson JW, Smith DW The fetal hydantoin syndrome. J Pediatr 1975, 87:285.
107. Hario T Spontaneous photo-onycholysis. J Dermatol (Tokyo) 1988, 15:540.
108. Hart M Grey staining of fingernails and flat wear with Actinex. Schoch Letter 1993, 43:34.
109. Hatch DJ, Pascente RW Photo-onycholysis associated with tetracycline: a case report and literature review. J Am Podiatry Assoc 1978, 68:172-177.
110. Hendricks AA Yellow lunulae with fluorescence after tetracycline therapy. Arch Dermatol 1980, 116:438-440.
111. Hendrix JD, Greer KE Cutaneous hyperpigmentation caused by systemic drugs. Int J Dermatol 1992, 31:458.
112. Hernandez-Martin A, Ros-Forteza S, de Unamuno P Longitudinal, transverse, and diffuse nail hyperpigmentation induced by hydroxyurea. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999, 40:333-334.
113. Higgins EM, Hughes JR, Snowden S, et al. Cyclosporin-induced periungual granulation tissue. Br J Dermatol 1995, 132:829-830.
114. Hindson C, Daymond T, Diffey B, et al. Side effects of benoxaprofen. Br Med J 1982, 284:1368.
115. Holder M, Mijewski F, Lenard HG Hypoplasie der Nagel und Endphalangen als Folge Pranataler Barbiturat Exposition. Monatsschr Klinderheilkd 1990, 138:34.
116. Hood AF Cutaneous side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Med Clin North Am 1986, 70:187-209.
117. Hooper JF Lithium carbonate and toenails. Am J Psychiatr 1981, 138:1519.
118. Hussain S, Anderson DN, Salvatti ME, et al. Onycholysis as a complication of systemic chemotherapy: report of five cases associated with prolonged weekly paclitaxel therapy and review of the literature. Cancer 2000, 88:2367-2371.
119. Ibsen HH, Andersen BL Photo-onycholysis due to tetracycline-hydrochloride. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1983, 63:555-557.
120. Ilchyshyn A, Vickers CFH Yellow nail syndrome associated with penicillamine therapy. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1983, 63:554-555.
121. Inalsingh CHA Melanonychia after treatment of malignant disease with radiation and cyclophosphamide [letter]. Arch Dermatol 1972, 106:765-766.
122. Ishizaki C, Sueki H, Kohsokabe S Yellow nail induced by bucillamine. Int J Dermatol 1995, 34:493.
123. Jacob CI, Patten SF Nail bed dyschromia secondary to docetaxel therapy. Arch Dermatol 1998, 134:1167-1168.
124. James WD, Odom RB Chemotherapy-induced transverse white lines in the fingernails. Arch Dermatol 1983, 119:334.
125. Johnson RB, Goldsmith LA Dilantin digital defects. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982, 5:191.
126. Kahn G, Legg JK Recrudescence of acute photosensitivity following short-term steroid therapy. Arch Dermatol 1971, 103:94-97.
127. Kanwar AJ, Singh OP Onycholysis secondary to tetracycline hydrochloride. Cutis 1979, 23:657.
128. Kaplan RP, Russell DH, Lowell NJ Etretinate therapy for psoriasis: clinical response, remission times, epidermal DNA and polyamine responses. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983, 8:95.
129. Kar HK Longitudinal melanonychia associated with fluconazole therapy. Int J Dermatol 1998, 37:713-720.
130. Katz ME, Hansen TW Nail plate-nail bed separation: an unusual side effect of systemic fluorouracil administration. Arch Dermatol 1979, 115:860.
131. Kennedy RJ, Smith LR, Goltz RW Skin changes secondary to hydroxyurea therapy. Arch Dermatol 1975, 111:183.
132. Kestel JL Tetracycline-induced onycholysis unassociated with photosensitivity [letter]. Arch Dermatol 1971, 106:766.
133. Kestel JL Photo-onycholysis from minocycline. Cutis 1981, 28:53.
134. Kierland RR, Sheard C, Mason HL, et al. Fluorescence of nails from quinacrine hydrochloride. JAMA 1946, 13:809.
135. Kim KJ, Chang SE, Choi JH, et al. Periungal hyperpigmentation induced by cisplatin. Clin Exp Dermatol 2002, 27:118-119.
136. Kirkham N, Holt S Nail dystrophy after practolol. Lancet 1976, 2:1137.
137. Klein ME Linear lateral black nail discoloration after months on Lopid. Schoch Letter 1990, 40:29.
138. Kligman AM, Kaidbey KH Photosensitivity to benoxaprofen. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm 1982, 5:124.
139. Koplon BS Azure lunulae due to argyria. Arch Dermatol 1966, 94:333.
140. Krebs A Drug-induced nail disorders. Praxis 1981, 70:1951.
141. Kromann NP, Vilhelmen R, Stahl D The dapsone syndrome. Arch Dermatol 1982, 118:531.
142. Kroumpouzos G, Travers R, Allan A Generalized hyperpigmentation with daunorubicin chemotherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002, 46:51-53.
143. Kumar L, Kochipillae A Mitoxantrone induced hyperpigmentation (letter). NZ Med J 1990, 103:55.
144. Kuong YL Hydroxyurea-induced nail pigmentation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996, 35:275.
145. Lasser AE, Steiner MM Tetracycline photo-onycholysis. Pediatrics 1978, 61:98-99.
146. Leavell UW, Farley CH, McIntyre JS Cutaneous changes in a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning. Arch Dermatol 1969, 99:429.
147. Lebsack CA, Weilbert RT 'Purple toes' syndrome. Postgrad Med 1982, 71:81.
148. Lemez P Transverse nail ridgings (Beau's lines) induced by chemotherapy-a dose-dependent phenomenon. Acta Haematol 1994, 92:212-213.
149. Lemos NP, Anderson RA, Robertson JR Nail analysis for drugs of abuse: extraction and determination of cannabis in fingernails by RIA and GC-MS. J Analytical Toxicology 1999, 23:147-152.
150. Levine D, Goode AW, Wingate DL Purgative abuse associated with reversible cachexia, hypogammaglobulinemia and finger clubbing. Lancet 1981, 1:919. (cited by the Editors 'Finger clubbing associated with purgative abuse', Modern Medicine 1981; 153).
151. Llistosella E, Codina A, Alvarez R, et al. Tegafur-induced acral hyperpigmentation. Cutis 1991, 48:205.
152. Llombart-Cussac A, Pivot X, Lacassagne CA, Spielmann M Docetaxel chemotherapy induces transverse superficial loss of the nail plate. 1997, 133:1466-1467.
153. Longstreth GF, Herhman J Trazodone-induced hepatotoxicity and leukonychia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985, 13:149.
154. Losek JD, Rock AL, Boldt RR Cyanide poisoning from a cosmetic nail remover. Pediatrics 1991, 88:337.
155. Lubach D, Marghescu S Yellow-nail syndrome durch D-penizillamin. Hautzart 1979, 30:547.
156. MacDonald KJ, Ead RD Longitudinal melanonychia during photochemotherapy. Br J Dermatol 1986, 114:395.
157. Mackay-Wiggan J, Nair KG, Halasz CLG Onycholysis associated with pacitaxel. Cutis 2003, 71:229-232.
158. Madorsky DD Arsenic in dermatology. J Assoc Milit Dermatol 1977, 3:19.
159. Mallon E, Dawber RPR Longitudinal melanonychia induced by minocycline [letter]. Br J Dermatol 1994, 130:794-795.
160. Manalo FB, Marks A, Davis HL Doxorubicin toxicity: onycholysis, plantar callus formation, and epidermolysis. JAMA 1975, 233:56-57.
161. Markenson AL, Chandra M, Miller DR Hyperpigmentation after cancer chemotherapy. Lancet 1975, 2:128.
162. McCormack LS, Elgart ML, Turner ML Benoxaprofen-induced photo-onycholysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982, 7:678.
163. McCuaig, Ellis CN, Greenberg HS, et al. Mucocutaneous complications of intraarterial 5-bromodeoxyuridine and radiation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989, 21:1235.
164. Meyerson MA, Cohen PR, Hymes SR Tongue hyperpigmentation associated with minocycline therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995, 79:180-184.
165. Mikulaschek WM An update on long-term efficacy and safety with benoxaprofen. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm 1982, 5:206.
166. Mikulaschek WM Long-term safety of benoxaprofen. J Rheumatol 1984, 7:100.
167. Miles DW, Rubens RD Images in clinical medicine: transverse leukonychia. N Engl J Med 1995, 333:100.
168. Miller RAW Nail dystrophy following intralesional injections of bleomycin for a periungual wart. Arch Dermatol 1984, 120:963-964.
169. Mishra D, Singh G, Pandey SS Possible carbamazepine-induced reversible onychomadesis. Int J Dermatol 1989, 28:460.
170. Modny C, Barondess JA Nail pigmentation secondary to quinacrine. Cutis 1973, 11:789.
171. Mooney E, Bennet RG Periungual hyperpigmentation mimicking Hutchinson's sign associated with minocycline administration. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1988, 14:1011-1013.
172. Morris D, Aisner J, Wiernik PH Horizontal pigmented banding of the nails in association with adriamycin chemotherapy. Cancer Treatment Reports 1977, 61:499-501.
173. Morrow GL, Abbott RL Minocycline-induced scleral, dental, and dermal pigmentation. Am J Opthalmol 1998, 125:396-397.
174. Naik RPC, Singh G Nail pigmentation due to oral 8-methoxypsoralen. Br J Dermatol 1979, 100:229.
175. Nakano J, Nakamura M Paronychia induced by gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. J Dermatol 2003, 30:261-262.
176. Nixon DW, Pirozzi D, York RM, et al. Dermatologic changes after systemic cancer therapy. Cutis 1981, 27:181.
177. Norton LA Disorders of the nails. Dermatology 1975, 1222-1235. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. S.L. Moschella, D.M. Pillsbury, H.J. Hurley (Eds.).
178. Norton LA Nail disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 1980, 2:451.
179. Obermair A, Vavra N, Kurz C, et al. Letter to the editor [letter]. Gynecologic Oncol 1995, 57:436.
180. Ofori-Adjei D, Ericsson O Chloroquine in nail clippings [letter]. Lancet 1985, 2:331.
181. Olujohungbe A, Cox J, Hammon MD, et al. Ingrowing toenails and cyclosporin. Lancet 1993, 342:1111.
182. Orr LE, McKernan JF Pigmentation with doxorubicin therapy [letter]. Arch Dermatol 1980, 116:273.
183. Orentreich N, Harber LC, Tromovitch TA Photosensitivity and photo-onycholysis due to demethylchlortetracycline. Arch Dermatol 1971, 83:68.
184. Palmeri A, Pichini S, Pacifici R, Zuccaro P, Lopez A Drugs in nails: physiology, pharmacokinetics and forensic toxicology. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000, 38:95-110.
185. Parodi A, Guarrera M, Rebora A Spontaneous photo-onycholysis. Photodermatology 1987, 4:160.
186. Patki AH, Mehta JM Dapsone induced erythroderma with Beau's lines. Lepr Rev 1989, 60:274.
187. Pazdur R, Kudelka AP, Kavanagh JJ, et al. The taxoids: paclitaxel (taxol) and docetaxel (taxotere). Cancer Treatment Reviews 1993, 19:351-386.
188. Pepine M, Flowers FP, Ramos-Caro FA Extensive cutaneous hyperpigmentation caused by minocycline. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993, 28:292-295.
189. Perlin E, Ahlgren JD Pigmentary effects from the protracted infusion of 5-fluorouracil. Int J Dermatol 1991, 30:43.
190. Pines A, Olchousky D, Bregman J, et al. Finger clubbing associated with laxative abuse. J South Med 1983, 76:1071.
191. Piraccini BM, Iorizzo M, Tosti A Drug-induced nail abnormalities. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003, 4:31-37.
192. Piraccini BM, Tosti A Drug-induced nail disorders: incidence, management and prognosis. Drug Safety 1999, 21:187-201.
193. Pratt CB, Shanks EC Hyperpigmentation of nails from doxorubicin. [letter] JAMA 1974, 288:460.
194. Priestman TJ, James KW Adriamycin and longitudinal pigmented banding of fingernails [letter]. Lancet 1975, 1:1337-1338.
195. Prose NS, Abson KG, Scher RK Disorders of the nails and hair associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Int J Dermatol 1992, 31:453-457.
196. Quecedo E, San Martin O, Febrer MI, et al. Mees' lines. Arch Dermatol 1996, 132:350.
197. Rault R Mycophenolate-associated onycholysis. [letter] Ann Intern Med 2000, 133:921-922.
198. Ronger S, Trouzet S, Ligeron C, et al. Dermatoscopic examination of nail pigmentation. Arch Dermatol 2002, 138:1327-1333.
199. Rojas AR Pigmentation de unas por doxorrubicina. Dermatol Esp 1978, 3:37.
200. Rothstein MS Onycholysis through phototoxicity [letter]. Arch Dermatol 1977, 113:520-521.
201. Roussou P, Ilias I, Foufopoulou E Onycholysis after chemotherapy in a patient with lymphoma [letter]. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1998, 78:303.
202. Rudolph RI Lithium-induced psoriasis of the fingernials. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992, 26:135.
203. Runne U, Orfanos CE The human nail. Curr Probl Dermatol 1981, 9:102.
204. Russo F, Collantes C, Guerrero J Severe paronychia due to zidovudine-induced neutropenia in a neonate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999, 40:322-324.
205. Rycroft RJG, Baran R Occupational abnormalities and contact dermatitis. Diseases of the nails and their management 1994, 35-80. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. 2nd edn. R. Baran, R.P.R. Dawber (Eds.).
206. Sanders CV, Saenz RE, Lopez M Splinter hemorrhages and onycholysis: unusual reactions associated with tetracycline hydrochloride therapy. South Med J 1976, 69:1090-1092.
207. Santanove A Pigmentation due to phenothiazines in high and prolonged doses. JAMA 1965, 191:263. (cited by Granstein RD, Sober AJ. Drug-and heavy metal-induced hyperpigmentation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981; 6:1).
208. Saurat JH, Lefranca H, Geiger JM. European experience with acitretin in psoriasis and various disorders of keratinization. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, San Francisco. 8 December 1993.
209. Scheithauer W, Ludwig H, Kotz R, Depisch D Mitoxantrone-induced discoloration of the nails. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1989, 25:763.
210. Schwartz RA, Vickerman CE Muerke's lines of the fingernails. Arch Intern Med 1979, 139:242.
211. Shedden WIH Side effects of benoxaprofen. Br Med J 1982, 284:1630.
212. Shelley WB, Humphrey GB Transverse leukonychia (Mee's lines) due to daunorubicin chemotherapy. Pediatr Dermatol 1997, 14:144-145.
213. Shelley WB, Shelley ED Shoreline nails: sign of drug-induced erythroderma. Cutis 1985, 35:220-222. 224.
214. Shetty MR Case of pigmented banding of the nail caused by bleomycin. Cancer Treatment Reports 1977, 61:501-502.
215. Skopp G, Potsch L A case report on drug screening of nail clippings to detect prenatal drug exposure. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 1997, 19:386-389.
216. Slee PHTL Images in clinical medicine: nail changes after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 1997, 337:168.
217. Smith ZS, Scheen SR, Allen JD, et al. Argyria. Arch Dermatol 1981, 117:595.
218. Speechly-Dick ME, Owen ERTC Mitozantrone-induced onycholysis. Lancet 1988, 1:113.
219. Sulis E, Floris G Nail pigmentation following cancer chemotherapy. A new genetic entity?. Eur J Cancer 1980, 16:1517-1519.
220. Susser WS, Whitaker-Worth DL, Grant-Kels JM Mucocutaneous reactions to chemotherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999, 40:367-398.
221. Tan SV, Berth-Jones J, Burns DA Lichen planus and photo-onycholysis induced by quinine (letter). Clin Exp Dermatol 1989, 14:335.
222. Thomas G, Fournier L, Garnier R, et al. Nail dystrophy and dimercaptosuccinic acid. J Toxicol Clin Exp 1987, 7:285.
223. Thomsen K Nail changes after chemotherapy. Dermatology progress and perspectives 1993, 372. Parthenon Publishers, New York. W.H.C. Burgdorf, S.I. Katz (Eds.).
224. Torras H, Mascaro JM, Mascaro JM Photo-onycholysis caused by clorazepate dipotassium. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989, 21:1304.
225. Tosti A, Argenziano G Dermoscopy allows better management of nail pigmentation. Arch Dermatol 2002, 138:1369-1370.
226. Tosti A, Baran R, Dawber RPR The nail in systemic diseases and drug-induced changes. Baran and Dawber's diseases of the nails and their management 2001, 223-329. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. 3rd edn. R. Baran, R.P.R. Dawber, D.A.R. de Berker (Eds.).
227. Tosti A, Gaddoni G, Fanti PA, et al. Longitudinal melanonychia induced by 3¢azidodeoxythymidine. Dermatologica 1990, 180:217.
228. Tosti A, Piraccini BM, D'Antuono A, et al. Paronychia associated with antiretroviral therapy. Br J Dermatol 1999, 140:1165-1168.
229. Tucker WFG, Church RE, Hallam R Beau's lines after razoxane therapy for psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 1984, 120:1140.
230. Urabe H, Asahi M Past and current dermatological status of yusho patients. Am J Industr Med 1984, 5:5.
231. Valance A, Lebrun-Vignes B, Descamps V, et al. Icodextrin cutaneous hypersensitivity. report of 3 psoriasiform cases. Arch Dermatol 2001, 137:309-310.
232. Valencia ME, Pikntado V, Lavilla P, Aguado A Ungual blue striae, HIV and zidovudine: What is their etiology? [letter]. Rev Clin Esp 1989, 185:167.
233. Van Belle SJP, Dehou M-F, De Bock V, Volckaert A Nail toxicity due to the combination adriamycin-mitoxantrone [letter]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1989, 24:69-70.
234. Vanhooteghem O, Andre J, Vindevoghel A, et al. Docetaxel-induced subungual hemorrhage. Dermatology 1997, 194:419-420.
235. Vaughn RY, Bailey JP, Field RS, et al. Diffuse nail dyschromia in black patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1990, 17:640.
236. Vomvouras S, Pakula AS, Shaw JM Multiple pigmented bands during hydroxyurea therapy. an uncommon finding. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991, 24:1016.
237. Von Hoff DD, McCullough ML, Kuhn J, et al. Acute cutaneous reactions to docetaxil, a new chemotherapeutic agent. Arch Dermatol 1995, 131:202.
238. Voorhees JJ, Orfanos CE Oral retinoids. Arch Dermatol 1981, 117:418.
239. Wakelin SH, Emmerson RW Excess granulation tissue development during treatment with cyclosporin. Br J Dermatol 1994, 131:147-148.
240. Wantzin GI, Thomsen K Acute paronychia after high-dose methotrexate therapy. Arch Dermatol 1983, 119:623.
241. Ward HA, Russo GC, Shrum J Cutaneous manifestations of antiretroviral therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002, 46:284-293.
242. Weiss E, Sayegh-Carreno Puva induced pigmented nails. Int J Dermatol 1989, 28:188.
243. Welsch MJ, Elston DM Pigmentation due to minocycline [photo quiz]. Cutis 2001, 67:371-374.
244. Wolfe ID, Reichmister J Minocycline hyperpigmentation: skin, tooth, nail, and bone involvement. Cutis 1984, 33:457-458.
245. Yogoda A, Mukherji B, Young C, et al. Bleomycin: an antitumor antibiotic. Ann Intern Med 1972, 77:861.
246. Yong CKK, Prendiville J, Peacock DL, et al. An unusual presentation of doxycycline-induced photosensitivity. Pediatrics 2000, 106:131. (e13). Online. Available: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full106/1/e13.
247. Zaias N The nail in health and disease 1990, 169. Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, CT. 2nd edn.
248. Zaias N, Baden HP Disorders of nails. Dermatology in general medicine 1979, 418-436. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2nd edn. T.B. Fitzpatrick, A.Z. Eisen, K. Wolf (Eds.).
249. Zala L Photo-onycholysis induced by 8-methoxypsoralen. Dermatologica 1977, 154:203.
250. Zamora-Quezeda JC Muscle and skin infarction after free-basing cocaine (crack). Ann Intern Med 1988, 108:564.
251. Zhu WY, Xia MY, Huang SD, Du D Hyperpigmentation of the nail from lead deposition. Int J Dermatol 1989, 28:273.
252. Zuehlke RL Papular doxycycline photosensitivity. Arch Dermatol 1973, 108:837-838.