Observations on Systematics in Paleolithic Archaeology

Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 29-56

  Clark, Geoffrey A ^a   Riel Salvatore, Julien ^a  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

American Antiquity; Formal Convergence; Lithic Technology; Stone Artifact; Stone Tool

Indexed keywords

EID: 85118663104     PISSN: 15682722     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/0-387-24661-4_3     Document Type: Chapter

References (147)

1. AmelootvanderHeijden N. 1993. L’industrie laminaire du niveau CA. In A. Tuffreau (Ed.), Riencourt-les-Bapaume (Pas-de-Calais): un Gisement du Paléolithique Moyen, pp. 26–52. Paris: Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.
2. Anderson-Gerfaud P. 1990. Aspects of behaviour in the Middle Palaeolithic: functional analysis of stone tools from southwest France. In P. Mellars (Ed.), The Emergence of Modern Humans: an Archaeological Perspective, pp. 389–418. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
3. Barkai R., A. Gopher and C. La Porta 2002. Palaeolithic landscape of extraction: flint surface quarries and workshops at Mt Pua, Israel. Antiquity 76: 672–680.
4. Barton C.M. 1991. Retouched tools, fact or fiction? Paradigms for interpreting Paleolithic chipped stone. In G.A. Clark (Ed.), Perspectives on the Past: Theoretical Biases in Mediterranean Hunter-Gatherer Research, pp. 143–163. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
5. Bar-Yosef O. 1991. Stone tools and social context in Levantine prehistory. In G.A. Clark (Ed.), Perspectives on the Past: Theoretical Biases in Mediterranean Hunter-Gatherer Research, pp. 371–395. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
6. Bar-Yosef O. and S.L. Kuhn 1999. The big deal about blades: laminar technologies and human evolution. American Anthropologist 101: 322–338.
7. Beyries S. 1988. Functional variability of lithic sets in the Middle Paleolithic. In H.L. Dibble and A. Montet-White (Eds.), The Upper Pleistocene Prehistory of Western Eurasia (Symposium Series 1), pp. 215–230. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
8. Bietti A. 1997. The transition to anatomically modern humans: the case of peninsular Italy. In G.A. Clark and C.M. Willermet (Eds.), Conceptual Issues in Modern Human Origins Research, pp. 132–147. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
9. Binford L.R. and J.A. Sabloff 1982. Paradigms, systematics and archaeology. Journal of Anthropological Research 38: 137–153.
10. Bisson M.S. 2000. Nineteenth century tools for twenty-first century archaeology? Why the Middle Paleolithic Typology of François Bordes must be replaced. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 7: 1–48.
11. Boëda E. 1988. Le concept Levallois et evaluation de son champ d’application. In M. Otte (Ed.), L’Homme de Néandertal, Vol. 4: La Technique, pp. 13–26. (ERAUL 4) Liège: Université de Liège.
12. Boëda E. 1993. Le débitage discoïde et le débitage Levallois récurrent centripète. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 90: 392–404.
13. Boëda E., J.-M. Geneste and L. Meignen 1990. Identification de chaînes opératoires lithiques du Paléolithique ancien et moyen. Paléo 2: 43–79.
14. Bordes F. 1961. Typologie du Paléolithique ancien et moyen. Paris: CNRS Editions.
15. Bordes F. 1963. Le Moustérien à denticulés. Archeologiki Vestnik 13–14: 43–49.
16. Bordes F. 1972. A Tale of Two Caves. New York: Harper and Row.
17. Bordes F. 1968. The Old Stone Age. New York: McGraw Hill.
18. Brantingham P.J., S.L. Kuhn and K.W. Kerry (Eds.) 2004. The Early Upper Paleolithic Beyond Western Europe. Berkeley: University of California Press.
19. Callow P. and R.E. Webb 1981. The application of multivariate statistical techniques to Middle Palaeolithic assemblages from southwestern France. Revue d’Archéométrie 5: 129–138.
20. Chabai, V.P. and K. Monigal (Eds.) 1999. The Middle Paleolithic of Western Crimea Vol. 2 (ERAUL 87). Liège: Université de Liège.
21. Chabai V.P., K. Monigal and A.E. Marks (Eds.) The Middle Paleolithic and Early Upper Paleolithic of Eastern Crimea (ERAUL 104). Liège: Université de Liège.
22. Chase P.G. 1986. The Hunters of Combe Grenal: Approaches to Middle Paleolithic Subsistence in Europe (BAR International Series 286). Oxford: BAR.
23. Chase P.G. 1988. Scavenging and hunting in the Middle Paleolithic: the evidence from Europe. In H.L. Dibble and A. Montet-White (Eds.), The Upper Pleistocene Prehistory of Western Eurasia (Symposium Series 1), pp. 225–232. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
24. Chase P.G. 1989. How different was Middle Palaeolithic subsistence? A zooarchaeological perspective on the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. In P. Mellars and C. Stringer (Eds.), The Human Revolution: Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans, pp. 321–337. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
25. Clark G.A. 1989a. Romancing the stones: biases, style and lithics at La Riera. In D. Henry and G. Odell (Eds.), Alternative Approaches to Lithic Analysis (Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 1), pp. 27–50. Washington: The American Anthropological Association.
26. Clark G.A. 1989b. Alternative models of Pleistocene biocultural evolution: a response to Foley. Antiquity 63: 153–161.
27. Clark G.A. 1992. Wadi al-Hasa Paleolithic settlement patterns: Negev and south Jordan models compared. In M. Zaghloul (Ed.), Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan, Vol. IV, pp. 89–96. Amman: Department of Antiquities.
28. Clark G.A.1993. Paradigms in science and archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research 1: 203–234.
29. Clark G.A. 1994. Migration as an explanatory concept in Paleolithic archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 1: 305–343.
30. Clark G.A. 1997. The Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe: an American perspective. Norwegian Archaeological Review 30: 25–53.
31. Clark G.A. 1999. Modern human origins: highly visible, curiously intangible. Science 283:2029–2032; 284: 917.
32. Clark G.A. 2002a. Neandertal archaeology – implications for our origins. American Anthropologist 104: 50–68.
33. Clark G.A. 2002b. American archaeology’s uncertain future. In S.D. Gillespie and D.L. Nichols (Eds.), Archaeology Is Anthropology, (Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 13), pp. 51–86. Washington: The American Anthropological Association.
34. Clark G.A. and J.M. Lindly. 1989. Modern human origins in the Levant and Western Asia: The fossil and archeological evidence. American Anthropologist 91: 962–983.
35. th Edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
36. Crabtree D.E. 1972. The cone fracture principle and the manufacture of lithic materials. Tebiwa 15: 29–42.
37. Crew H. 1976. The Mousterian site of Rosh Ein Mor. In A. E. Marks (Ed.), Prehistory and Paleoenvironments in the Central Negev, Vol. 1., pp. 75–112. Dallas: Southern Methodist University.
38. David F. and C. Farizy. 1994. Les vestiges osseux: étude archéozoologique. In C. Farizy, F. David and J. Jaubert (Eds.). Hommes et Bisons du Paléolithique Moyen à Mauran (Haute-Garonne), pp. 177–234. Paris: Editions CNRS.
39. Del Lucchese A., S. Martini, F. Negrino and C. Ottomano. 2000–2001. “I Ciotti” (Mortola Superiore, Ventimiglia, Imperia). Una località di approvigionamento della materia prima per la scheggiatura durante il Paleolitico. Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana 91–92: 1–26.
40. Dibble H.L. 1984. Interpreting typological variation of Middle Paleolithic scrapers: function, style or sequence of reduction? Journal of Field Archaeology 11: 431–436.
41. Dibble H.L. 1987. Interpretation of Middle Paleolithic scraper morphology. American Antiquity 52: 109–117.
42. Dibble H.L. 1991. Local raw material exploitation and its effects on Lower and Middle Paleolithic assemblage variability. In A. Montet-White and S. Holen (Eds.), Raw Material Economies Among Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers (University of Kansas Publications in Anthropology 19), pp. 33–48. Lawrence: University of Kansas.
43. Dibble H.L. 1995. Middle Paleolithic scraper reduction: background, clarification, and review of the evidence to date. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 2: 299–368.
44. Dibble H.L. and N. Rolland. 1992. On assemblage variability in the Middle Paleolithic of Western Europe: history, perspectives, and a new synthesis. In H.L. Dibble and P. Mellars (Eds.), The Middle Paleolithic: Adaptation, Behavior and Variability (Symposium Series 2), pp. 1–28. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
45. Dibble H.L. and J.C. Whittaker 1981. New experimental evidence on the relation between percussion flaking and flake variation. Journal of Archaeological Science 8: 283–296.
46. Djindjian F., J.K. Kozlowski and F. Bazile. 2003. Europe during the early Upper Palaeolithic (40,000– 30,000 BP): a synthesis. In J. Zilhão and F. d’Errico (Eds.), The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transitional Technocomplexes: Dating, Stratigraphies, Cultural Implications, pp. 29–48. Lisbon: Instituto Portuguès de Arqueologia.
47. Doran J.E. and F.R. Hodson 1966. A digital computer analysis of Palaeolithic flint assemblages. Nature 210: 688–689.
48. Duchadeau-Kervazo C. 1982. Recherches sur l’Occupation Paléolithique du Bassin de la Dronne. Ph.D. Dissertation, Université de Bordeaux I. Bordeaux.
49. Duchadeau-Kervazo C. 1984. Influence du substratum sur l’occupation paléolithique du bassin de la Dronne. Bulletin de la Société Linéenne de Bordeaux 12: 35–50.
50. Duchadeau-Kervazo C. 1986. Les sites paléolithiques du bassin de la Dronne (nord de l’Aquitaine): observations sur les modes et les emplacements. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 83: 56–64.
51. Duff A., G.A. Clark and T. Chadderdon 1992. Symbolism in the early Palaeolithic: a conceptual odyssey. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2: 211–229.
52. Farizy C. and F. David. 1992. Subsistence and behavioral patterns of some Middle Palaeolithic local groups. In H.L. Dibble and P. Mellars (Eds.), The Middle Paleolithic: Adaptation, Behavior and Variability (Symposium Series 2), pp. 87–96. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Press.
53. Farizy C., F. David and J. Jaubert (Eds.), 1994. Hommes et Bisons du Paléolithique Moyen à Mauran (Haute-Garonne). Paris: Editions CNRS.
54. Flannery K.V. 1969. Origins and ecological effects of early domestication in Iran and the Near East. In P.J. Ucko and G.W. Dimbleby (Eds.), The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals, pp. 73–100. Chicago: Aldine.
55. Foley R.A. 1987. Hominid species and stone tools assemblages: how are they related? Antiquity 61: 380–392.
56. Foley R.A. and M.M. Lahr. 1997. Mode 3 technologies and the evolution of modern humans. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 7: 3–36.
57. Freeman L.G. 1994. Kaleidoscope or tarnished mirror? Thirty years of Mousterian investigations in Cantabria. In J. Lasheras (Ed.), Homenaje al Dr. Joaquin González Echegaray (Monografía No. 17), pp. 37–54. Museo y Centro de Investigaciones de Altamira.
58. Gamble Clive. 1999. The Palaeolithic Societies of Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
59. Geneste J.-M. 1985. Analyse lithique d’industries moustériennes du Périgord: une approche technologique du comportement des groupes humains au Paléolithique moyen. Ph.D. Dissertation, Université Bordeaux I.
60. Geneste, J.-M. 1988. Les industries de la Grotte Vaufrey: technologie du débitage, économie et circulation de la matière première. In J.-P. Rigaud (Ed.), La Grotte Vaufrey à Cenac et Saint-Julien (Dordogne): paléoenvironnements, chronologie, activités humaines, pp. 441–519. Paris: Mémoires de la Société Préhistorique Française.
61. Geneste J.-M. 1989a. Economie des ressources lithiques dans le moustérien du sud-ouest de la France. In M. Patou-Mathis (Ed.), L’Homme de Néandertal, Vol. 6: La Subsistance (ERAUL 33), pp. 75–97. Liège: Université de Liège.
62. Geneste J.-M. 1989b. Systèmes d’approvisionnement en matières premières au Paléolithique moyen et au Paléolithique supérieur en Aquitaine. In J.K. Kozlowski (Ed.), L’Homme de Néandertal, Vol. 8: La Mutation (ERAUL 35) pp. 61–70. Liège: Université de Liège.
63. Goren-Inbar N., C.S. Feibel, K.L. Verosub, Y. Melamed, M.E. Kslev, E. Tchernov and I. Saragusti 2000. Pleistocene milestones on the out-of-Africa corridor at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Israel. Science 289: 9444–9447.
64. Goring-Morris A.N. 1996. Square pegs into round holes: a critique of Neeley and Barton. Antiquity 70: 130–135.
65. Hayden B. 1993. The cultural capacities of Neandertals: a review and re-evaluation. Journal of Human Evolution 24: 113–146.
66. Harrold F.B. and M. Otte 2001. Time, space, and cultural process in the European Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition. In M. Hays and P. Thacker (Eds.), Questioning the Answers: Re-solving Fundamental Problems of the Early Upper Paleolithic (BAR International Series 1005), pp. 3–11. Oxford: Archaeopress.
67. Heinzelin J. de and P. Haesaerts 1983. Un cas de débitage laminaire au Paléolithique ancient: Croix-l’Abbé à Saint-Valéry-sur-Somme. Gallia Préhistoire 26: 189–201.
68. Henry D.O., H.J. Hietala, A. Rosen, Y. Demidenko, V. Usik and T. Armagan 2004. Human behavioral organization in the Middle Paleolithic: were Neanderthals different? American Anthropologist 106: 17–31.
69. Henshilwood C.S. and C.W. Marean 2003. The origin of modern human behavior. Current Anthropology 44: 627–652.
70. Hou Y., R. Potts, B. Yuan, Z. Guo, A. Deino, W. Wang, J. Clark, G. Xie and W. Huang 2000. Mid-Pleistocene Acheulean-like stone technology of the Bose Basin, south China: Science 287: 1622–1626.
71. Howell, F.C. 1998. Evolutionary implications of altered perspectives on hominine demes and populations in the later Pleistocene of western Eurasia. In T. Akazawa, K. Aoki and O. Bar-Yosef (Eds.), Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia, pp. 5–28. New York: Plenum Press.
72. Howell F.C. 1999. Paleo-demes, species clades, and extinctions in the Pleistocene hominin record. Journal of Anthropological Research 55: 191–243.
73. Jaubert J. and J.-P. Brugal 1990. Contribution à l’étude du mode de vie au Paléolithique moyen: les chasseurs d’aurochs de La Borde. In J. Jaubert, M. Lorblanchet, R. Slott-Moller, A. Turq and J.-P. Brugal (Eds.) Les Chasseurs d’Aurochs de La Borde: un site du Paléolithique moyen (Livernon, Lot), pp. 128–145. Paris: Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.
74. Kozlowski J.K. 2000. The problem of cultural continuity between the Middle and Upper Paleolithic in Central and Eastern Europe. In O. Bar-Yosef and D. Pilbeam (Eds.), The Geography of Neanderthals and Modern Humans in Europe and the Greater Mediterranean (Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Bulletin. 8), pp. 77–106. Cambridge MA: Peabody Museum, Harvard University.
75. Kuhn S.L. 1991. Unpacking reduction: lithic raw-material economy in the Mousterian of West-Central Italy. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 10: 76–106.
76. Kuhn S.L. 1992a. On planning and curated technologies in the Middle Paleolithic. Journal of Anthropological Research 48: 185–214.
77. Kuhn S.L. 1992b. Blank form and reduction as determinants of Mousterian scraper morphology. American Antiquity 57: 115–128.
78. Kuhn S.L. 1994. A formal approach to the design and assembly of mobile toolkits. American Antiquity 59: 426–442.
79. Kuhn S.L. 1995. Mousterian Lithic Technology: an Ecological Perspective. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
80. Leroi-Gourhan A. 1964–1965. Le Geste et la Parole, Vols. 1 and 2. Paris: A. Michel.
81. de Lumley H. (Ed.) 1969. Une cabane acheuléenne dans la Grotte du Lazaret (Nice) (Memoires de la Société Préhistorique Française 7). Paris: Société Préhistorique Française.
82. Mania D. 1990. Auf den Spuren des Urmenschen: Die Funde von Bilzingsleben. Berlin: Theiss.
83. Mania D. 1991. The zonal division of the Lower Palaeolithic open-air site Bilzingsleben. Anthropologie 29: 17–24.
84. Mania D., T. Nötzold, V. Toepfer, E. Vlcek and W.D. Heinrich. 1983. Bilzingsleben II. Berlin: Veröffentlichungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte in Halle, Band 36.
85. Mania D., V. Toepfer and E. Vlcek. 1980. Bilzingsleben I. Berlin: Veröffentlichungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte in Halle, Band 32.
86. Mania D. and T. Weber (Eds.) 1986. Bilzingsleben III. Berlin: Veröffentlichungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte in Halle, Band 39.
87. Marean C. and J. Thompson. 2003. Research on the origins of modern humans continues to dominate paleoanthropology. Evolutionary Anthropology 12: 165–167.
88. Marks A.E. and V. Chabai (Eds.) 1998. The Middle Paleolithic of Western Crimea, Vol. 1 (ERAUL 84). Liège: Université de Liège.
89. Marks A.E. and D.A. Freidel 1977. Prehistoric settlement patterns in the Avdat/Aqev area. In A.E. Marks (Ed.), Prehistory and Paleoenvironments in the Central Negev, Israel, Vol. II: The Avdat/Aqev Area, part 2, and the Har Harif, pp. 131–158. Dallas: Southern Methodist University.
90. Marks A.E., H.J. Hietala and J.K. Williams. 2001. Tool standardization in the Middle and Upper Paleolithic: a closer look. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 11: 17–44.
91. Mauss M. 1936. Les techniques du corps. Journal de Psychologie 32: 271–293.
92. McBrearty S. and A.S. Brooks. 2000. The revolution that wasn’t: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior. Journal of Human Evolution 39: 453–563.
93. Mellars P. 1967. The Mousterian Succession in South-west France. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge.
94. Mellars P. 1989. Major issues in the emergence of modern humans. Current Anthropology 30: 349–385.
95. Mellars P. 1996. The Neanderthal Legacy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
96. Mellars P. 2000. The archaeological records of the Neandertal-modern human transition in France. In O. Bar-Yosef and D. Pilbeam (Eds.), The Geography of Neanderthals and Modern Humans in Europe and the Greater Mediterranean (Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Bulletin 8), pp. 35–48. Cambridge MA: Peabody Museum, Harvard University.
97. Movius H.L. 1948. The Lower Paleolithic cultures of southern and eastern Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 38: 329–420.
98. Neeley M.P. and C.M. Barton. 1994. A new approach to interpreting Late Pleistocene microlith industries in southwest Asia. Antiquity 68: 275–288.
99. Renfrew A.C. 1969. Trade and culture process in European prehistory. Current Anthropology 10: 151–169.
100. Révillon S. 1989. Le débitage du gisement paléolithique moyen de Seclin (Nord). In A. Tuffreau (Ed.), Paléolithique et Mésolithique du Nord de la France: nouvelles recherches, pp. 79–90. Lille: Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Préhistorique.
101. Riel-Salvatore J. and G.A. Clark 2001. Grave markers: Middle and early Upper Paleolithic burials and the use of chronotypology in contemporary Paleolithic research. Current Anthropology 42: 449–480.
102. Riel-Salvatore J. and C.M. Barton 2004. Late Pleistocene technology, economic behavior and land-use dynamics in southern Italy. American Antiquity 69: 257–274.
103. Rigaud, J.-P. 1997. Scenarios for the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition: a European perspective. In G.A. Clark and C.M. Willermet (Eds.), Conceptual Issues in Modern Human Origins Research, pp. 161–167. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
104. Rigaud, J.-P. and J.-M. Geneste 1988. L’utilisation de l’espace dans la Grotte Vaufrey. In J.-P. Rigaud (Ed.), La Grotte Vaufrey: paléoenvironnement, chronologie, activités humaines (Mémoires de la Société Préhistorique Française XIX), pp. 593–611. Paris: Société Préhistorique Française.
105. Roberts M.B. 1986. Excavation of a Lower Palaeolithic site at Amey’s Eartham Pit, Boxgrove, West Sussex: a preliminary report. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 52: 215–245.
106. Roberts M.B., C.S. Gamble and D.R. Bridgland 1995. The earliest occupation of Europe: the British Isles. In W. Roebroeks and T. van Kolfschoten (Eds.), The Earliest Occupation of Europe, pp. 165–192. Leiden: University of Leiden Press.
107. Sackett J.R. 1988. The Mousterian and its aftermath: a view from the Upper Paleolithic. In H.L. Dibble and A. Montet-White (Eds.), The Upper Pleistocene Prehistory of Western Eurasia (Symposium Series 1), pp. 413–426. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum.
108. Sackett J.R. 1991. Straight archaeology French style: the phylogenetic paradigm in historic perspective. In G.A. Clark (Ed.), Perspectives on the Past: Theoretical Biases in Mediterranean Hunter-Gatherer Research, pp. 109–140. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
109. Sackett J.R. 1997. Neanderthal behaviour: the archaeological evidence. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 7: 148–149.
110. Schick K.D. and N. Toth 1994. Early Stone Age technology in Africa: a review and case study into the nature and function of spheroids and subspheroids. In R.S. Corruccini and R.L. Ciochon (Eds.), Integrative Paths to the Past: Paleoanthropological Advances in Honor of F. Clark Howell, pp. 429–229. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
111. Schuldenrein J. and G.A. Clark 2001. Prehistoric landscapes and settlement geography along the Wadi Hasa, West-Central Jordan. Part I: Geoarchaeology, human palaeoecology and ethnographic modelling. Environmental Archaeology 6: 25–40.
112. Schuldenrein, J. and G.A. Clark. 2003. Prehistoric landscapes and settlement geography along the Wadi Hasa, West-Central Jordan. Part II: Towards a model of palaeoecological settlement for the Wadi Hasa. Environmental Archaeology 8: 1–16.
113. Scott K. 1986. The bone assemblages of layers 3 and 6. In P. Callow and J.M. Cornford (Eds.), La Cotte de St. Brelade 1961–1978: Excavations by C.B.M. Burney, pp. 159–183. Norwich: Geo Books.
114. Scott K. 1989. Mammoth bones modified by humans: evidence from la Cotte de St Brelade, Jersey, Channel Islands. In R. Bonnichsen and M.H. Sorg (Eds.) Bone Modification, pp. 335–346. Orono: Center for the Study of the First Americans.
115. Siegal S. 1956. Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill.
116. Simpson R.D. 1978. The Calico Mountains archaeological site. In A. Bryan (Ed.), Early Man in America, pp. 218–220. Edmonton: University of Alberta.
117. Simpson R.D. 1982. The Calico Mountains Archaeological Project: a progress report. In J. Ericson, R. Taylor and R. Berger (Eds.), Peopling of the New World (Anthropological Papers 23), pp. 181–192. Los Altos: Ballena Press.
118. Slott-Moller R. 1990. La faune. In J. Jaubert, M. Lorblanchet, R. Slott-Moller, A Turq, and J.-P. Brugal (Eds.), Les Chasseurs d’Aurochs de La Borde: un site du Paléolithique moyen (Livernon, Lot), pp. 33–68. Paris: Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.
119. de Sonneville-Bordes D. and J. Perrot. 1953. Essai d’adaptation des méthodes statistiques au Paléolithique supérieur. Premiers résultats. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 51: 323–333.
120. de Sonneville-Bordes D. and J. Perrot. 1954. Lexique typologique du Paléolithique supérieur, outillage lithique. 1. Grattoirs. 2. Outils solutréens. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 51: 327–335.
121. de Sonneville-Bordes D. and J. Perrot. 1955. Lexique typologique du Paléolithique supérieur, outillage lithique. 3. Outils composites, perçoirs. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 52: 76–79.
122. de Sonneville-Bordes D. and J. Perrot. 1956. Lexique typologique du Paléolithique supérieur, outillage lithique. 4. Burins. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 53: 408–412, 547–559.
123. Speth J.D. 1972. Mechanical basis of percussion flaking. American Antiquity 37: 34–60.
124. Speth J.D. 1975. Miscellaneous studies in hard-hammer percussion flaking: the effects of oblique impact. American Antiquity 40: 203–207.
125. Steward J.H. 1936. The economic and social basis of primitive bands. In R.H. Lowie (Ed.), Essays in Anthropology Presented to A.L. Kroeber, pp. 331–350. Berkeley: University of California Press.
126. Stiner M.C. 1991. The community ecology perspective and the redemption of ‘contaminated’ faunal records. In G.A. Clark (Ed.), Perspectives on the Past: Theoretical Biases in Mediterranean Hunter-Gatherer Research, pp. 229–242. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
127. Stiner M.C. 1994. Honor among Thieves: a Zooarchaeological Study of Neandertal Ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
128. Straus L.G. (Ed.), 2002. The Role of American Archeologists in the Study of the European Upper Paleolithic (BAR International Series 1048). Arcaheopress, Oxford.
129. Straus L.G. 2003. The Aurignacian? Some thoughts. In J. Zilhão and F. d’Errico (Eds.), The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transitional Technocomplexes: Dating, Stratigraphies, Cultural Implications, pp. 11–18. Lisbon: Instituto Portuguès de Arqueologia.
130. Swisher C.C., G.H. Curtis, T. Jacob, A.G. Getty, A. Suprijo and Widiasmoro 1994. Age of the earliest known hominids in Java, Indonesia. Science 263: 1118–1121.
131. Tattersall I. 1998. Becoming Human: Evolution and Human Uniqueness. New York: Harcourt Brace.
132. Toth N. 1985. The Oldowan reassessed: a close look at early stone artifacts. Journal of Archaeological Science 12: 101–120.
133. Toth N. 1987. Behavioral inferences from early stone artifact assemblages: an experimental model. Journal of Human Evolution 16: 763–787.
134. Toth N. and K.D. Schick 1993. Early stone industries. In K.R. Gibson and T. Ingold (Eds.), Tools, Language, and Cognition in Human Evolution, pp. 346–362. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
135. Tuffreau A. 1992. Middle Paleolithic settlement in Northern France. In H.L. Dibble and P. Mellars (Eds.), The Middle Paleolithic: Adaptation, Behavior and Variability (Symposium Series 2), pp. 59–74. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum.
136. Turq A. 1988. Le Moustérien de type Quina du Roc de Marsal à Campagne (Dordogne): contexte strati-graphique, analyse lithographique et technologique. Dossiers d’Archéologie Périgourdienne 3: 5–30.
137. Turq A. 1989. Exploitation des matières premières lithiques et occupation du sol: l’exemple du Moustérien entre Dordogne et Lot. In H. Laville (Ed.), Variations des Paléomilieux et Peuplement Préhistorique, pp. 179–204. Paris: CNRS Editions.
138. Turq A. 1992. Raw material and technological studies of the Quina Mousterian in Périgord. In H.L. Dibble and P. Mellars (Eds.). The Middle Paleolithic: Adaptation, Behavior and Variability (Symposium Series 2), pp. 75–85. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum.
139. t h International Flint Symposium, pp. 133–142. Warsaw: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Science.
140. Villa P. 1982. Conjoinable pieces and site formation processes. American Antiquity 47: 276–290.
141. Villa P. 1983. Terra Amata and the Middle Pleistocene Archaeological Record of Southern France. Berkeley: University of California Press.
142. Winterhalder B. and E.A. Smith 2000. Analyzing adaptive strategies: human behavioral ecology at twenty-five. Evolutionary Anthropology 9: 51–72.
143. Wynn T. 1979. The intelligence of later Acheulean hominids. Man 14: 379–391.
144. Wynn T. 1981. The intelligence of Oldowan hominids. Journal of Human Evolution 10: 529–541.
145. Wynn T. 1985. Piaget, stone tools and the evolution of human intelligence. World Archaeology 17: 32–43.
146. Zilhão, J. and F. d’Errico. 1999. The chronology and taphonomy of the earliest Aurignacian and its implications for the understanding of Neanderthal extinction. Journal of World Prehistory 13: 1–68.
147. Zilhão J. and F. d’Errico (Eds.) 2003. The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transitional Technocomplexes: Dating, Stratigraphies, Cultural Implications. Lisbon: Instituto Portuguès de Arqueologia.