Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers and the COVID-19 Pandemic: At Present There Is No Evidence to Abandon Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers

Hypertension

Volumn 75, Issue 6, 2020, Pages 1382-1385

  Danser, A H Jan ^a   Epstein, Murray ^b   Batlle, Daniel ^c  

^a ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

ACE inhibitor; angiotensin receptor blocker; coronavirus; COVID 19; severe acute respiratory syndrome

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME 2; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; RENIN INHIBITOR; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; VIRUS RECEPTOR;

CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PANDEMIC; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; RISK; SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2; ANIMAL; BETACORONAVIRUS; CORONAVIRUS INFECTION; METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; VIRUS PNEUMONIA;

ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANIMALS; BETACORONAVIRUS; CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS; HUMANS; PANDEMICS; PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A; PNEUMONIA, VIRAL; RECEPTORS, VIRUS; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM;

EID: 85083266556     PISSN: 0194911X     EISSN: 15244563     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15082     Document Type: Review

References (29)

1. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020 395 497 506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
2. Zheng YY, Ma YT, Zhang JY, Xie X, COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system [published ahead of print]. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020. doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-0360-5
3. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M, Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for Covid-19 infection? [published online ahead of print]. Lancet Respir Med 2020. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30116-8
4. Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, Sui J, Wong SK, Berne MA, Somasundaran M, Sullivan JL, Luzuriaga K, Greenough TC, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature 2003 426 450 454. doi: 10.1038/nature02145
5. Matsuyama S, Nagata N, Shirato K, Kawase M, Takeda M, Taguchi F, Efficient activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by the transmembrane protease TMPRSS2. J Virol 2010 84 12658 12664. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01542-10
6. Batlle D, Wysocki J, Satchell K, Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: a potential approach for coronavirus infection therapy? Clin Sci (Lond) 2020 134 543 545. doi: 10.1042/CS20200163
7. Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Kruger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor [published ahead of print]. Cell 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
8. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, Si HR, Zhu Y, Li B, Huang CL, A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 2020 579 270 273. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
9. Serfozo P, Wysocki J, Gulua G, Schulze A, Ye M, Liu P, Jin J, Bader M, Myöhänen T, García-Horsman JA, Ang II (Angiotensin II) conversion to angiotensin-(1-7) in the circulation is POP (prolyloligopeptidase)-dependent and ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2)-independent. Hypertension 2020 75 173 182. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14071
10. Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H, Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol 2004 203 631 637. doi: 10.1002/path.1570
11. Lely AT, Hamming I, van Goor H, Navis GJ, Renal ACE2 expression in human kidney disease. J Pathol 2004 204 587 593. doi: 10.1002/path.1670
12. Tipnis SR, Hooper NM, Hyde R, Karran E, Christie G, Turner AJ, A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem 2000 275 33238 33243. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M002615200
13. Batlle D, Wysocki J, Soler MJ, Ranganath K, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: enhancing the degradation of angiotensin II as a potential therapy for diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2012 81 520 528. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.381
14. Ferrario CM, Chappell MC, Tallant EA, Brosnihan KB, Diz DI, Counterregulatory actions of angiotensin-(1-7). Hypertension 1997 30 3 Pt 2 535 541. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.30.3.535
15. Arendse LB, Danser AHJ, Poglitsch M, Touyz RM, Burnett JC Jr, Llorens-Cortes C, Ehlers MR, Sturrock ED, Novel therapeutic approaches targeting the renin-angiotensin system and associated peptides in hypertension and heart failure. Pharmacol Rev 2019 71 539 570. doi: 10.1124/pr.118.017129
16. Xu J, Sriramula S, Xia H, Moreno-Walton L, Culicchia F, Domenig O, Poglitsch M, Lazartigues E, Clinical relevance and role of neuronal AT1 receptors in ADAM17-mediated ACE2 shedding in neurogenic hypertension. Circ Res 2017 121 43 55. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.310509
17. Wysocki J, Goodling A, Burgaya M, Whitlock K, Ruzinski J, Batlle D, Afkarian M, Urine RAS components in mice and people with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017 313 F487 F494. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00074.2017
18. Bitker L, Burrell LM, Classic and nonclassic renin-angiotensin systems in the critically ill. Crit Care Clin 2019 35 213 227. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2018.11.002
19. Ferrario CM, Jessup J, Chappell MC, Averill DB, Brosnihan KB, Tallant EA, Diz DI, Gallagher PE, Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Circulation 2005 111 2605 2610. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.510461
20. Wang X, Ye Y, Gong H, Wu J, Yuan J, Wang S, Yin P, Ding Z, Kang L, Jiang Q, The effects of different angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers on the regulation of the ACE-AngII-AT1 and ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas axes in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in male mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016 97 180 190. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.05.012
21. Soler MJ, Ye M, Wysocki J, William J, Lloveras J, Batlle D, Localization of ACE2 in the renal vasculature: amplification by angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade using telmisartan. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009 296 F398 F405. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.90488.2008
22. Ramchand J, Patel SK, Kearney LG, Matalanis G, Farouque O, Srivastava PM, Burrell LM, Plasma ACE2 activity predicts mortality in aortic stenosis and is associated with severe myocardial fibrosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020 13 655 664. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.09.005
23. Deshotels MR, Xia H, Sriramula S, Lazartigues E, Filipeanu CM, Angiotensin II mediates angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 internalization and degradation through an angiotensin II type I receptor-dependent mechanism. Hypertension 2014 64 1368 1375. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03743
24. Esler M, Esler D, Can angiotensin receptor-blocking drugs perhaps be harmful in the COVID-19 pandemic? [published ahead online]. J Hypertens 2020. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002450
25. Gurwitz D, Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics [published online ahead of print]. Drug Dev Res 2020. doi: 10.1002/ddr.21656
26. Imai Y, Kuba K, Rao S, Huan Y, Guo F, Guan B, Yang P, Sarao R, Wada T, Leong-Poi H, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure. Nature 2005 436 112 116. doi: 10.1038/nature03712
27. Mazzolai L, Burnier M, Epstein M, Brunner HR, Angiotensin receptor antagonists: safety and tolerability profile. In: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists 2000 1st ed Philadelphia Hanley & Belfus 341 352
28. Li G, De Clercq E, Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020 19 149 150. doi: 10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0
29. de Simone G, Position Statement of the ESC Council on Hypertension on ACE-Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers. 2020. https://www.escardio.org/Councils/Council-on-Hypertension-(CHT)/News/position-statement-of-the-esc-council-on-hypertension-on-ace-inhibitors-and-ang. Accessed March 16, 2020