Anticoagulant treatment for subsegmental pulmonary embolism

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2020, Issue 2, 2020, Pages

  Yoo, Hugo HB ^a   Nunes Nogueira, Vania Santos ^a   Fortes Villas Boas, Paulo J ^a  

^a SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY UNESP   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; PLACEBO;

ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; BLEEDING; CLINICAL OUTCOME; CLINICAL PRACTICE; DATA ANALYSIS; DATA BASE; DATA EXTRACTION; DATA SYNTHESIS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LUNG EMBOLISM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL BIAS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; ACUTE DISEASE; DYSPNEA; META ANALYSIS; PROGNOSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WATCHFUL WAITING; ASYMPTOMATIC DISEASE; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; DIGITAL SUBTRACTION ANGIOGRAPHY; DISEASE SEVERITY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; INCIDENTAL SUBSEGMENTAL PULMONARY EMBOLISM; ISOLATED SUBSEGMENTAL PULMONARY EMBOLISM; LUNG ANGIOGRAPHY; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MEDICAL PRACTICE; MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; SYMPTOM; THORAX PAIN; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ACUTE DISEASE; ANTICOAGULANTS; DYSPNEA; HUMANS; PROGNOSIS; PULMONARY EMBOLISM; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WATCHFUL WAITING;

EID: 85079080063     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010222.pub4     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Donato AA, Khoche S, Santora J, Wagner B. Clinical outcomes in patients with isolated subsegmental pulmonary emboli diagnosed by multi-detector CT pulmonary angiography. Thrombosis Research 2010;126(4):e266-70. x-wiley/crsRef/2812030
2. Eyer BA, Goodman LR, Washington L. Clinicians' response to radiologists' reports of isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism or inconclusive interpretation of pulmonary embolism using MDCT. American Journal of Roentgenology 2005;184(2):623-8. x-wiley/crsRef/2812032
3. Stein PD, Henry JW, Relyea B. Untreated patients with pulmonary embolism. Outcome, clinical, and laboratory assessment. Chest 1995;107(4):931-5. x-wiley/crsRef/2812034
4. Ageno W, Gallus AS, Wittkowsky A, Crowther M, Hylek EM, Palareti G, American College of Chest Physicians. Oral anticoagulant therapy. Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e44s–88s.
5. Alotaibi GS, Wu C, Senthilselvan A, McMurtry MS. Secular trends in incidence and mortality of acute venous thromboembolism: The AB-VTE population-based study. American Journal of Medicine 2016;129(8:879):e:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.01.041]
6. Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, Flottorp S, et al. GRADE Working Group. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. British Medical Journal 2004;328(7454):1490-4.
7. Bariteau A, Stewart LK, Emmett TW, Kline JA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes of patients with subsegmental pulmonary embolism with and without anticoagulation treatment. Academic Emergency Medicine 2018;25(7):828-35.
8. Carrier M, Righini M, Wells PS, Perrier A, Anderson DR, Rodger MA, et al. Subsegmental pulmonary embolism diagnosed by computed tomography: incidence and clinical implications. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the management outcome studies. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2010;8(8):1716-22.
9. Carson JL, Kelley MA, Duff A, Weg JG, Fulkerson WJ, Palevsky HI, et al. The clinical course of pulmonary embolism. New England Journal of Medicine 1992;326(19):1240–5.
10. Dalen JE, Alpert JS. Natural history of pulmonary embolism. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 1975;17(4):259-70.
11. Dalen JE. Pulmonary embolism: what have we learned since Virchow?: treatment and prevention. Chest 2002;122(5):1801-17.
12. den Exter PL, van Es J, Klok FA, Kroft LJ, Kruip MJHA, Kamphuisen PW, et al. Risk profile and clinical outcome of symptomatic subsegmental acute pulmonary embolism. Blood 2013;122(7):1144-9.
13. den Exter PL, der Hulle TV, Klok FA, Huisman MV. Advances in the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Thrombosis Research 2014;133:S10-S16.
14. Dentali F, Ageno W, Becattini C, Galli L, Gianni M, Riva N, et al. Prevalence and clinical history of incidental, asymptomatic pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. Thrombosis Research 2010;125(6):518-22.
15. Dinwoodey DL, Ansell JE. Heparins, low-molecular-weight heparins, and pentasaccharides. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 2006;22(1):1-15, vii.
16. Dobler CC. Overdiagnosis of pulmonary embolism: definition, causes and implications. Breathe 2019;15(1):45-52. [DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0339-2018]
17. Goodman LR. Small pulmonary emboli: what do we know?. Radiology 2005;234:654-8.
18. Goy J, Lee J, Levine O, Chaudhry S, Crowther M. Sub-segmental pulmonary embolism in three academic teaching hospitals: a review of management and outcomes. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2015;13(2):214-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jth.12803]
19. Gurney JW. No fooling around: direct visualization of pulmonary embolism. Radiology 1993;188:618-9.
20. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British Medical Journal 2003;327(7414):557–60.
21. Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.handbook.cochrane.org.
22. Huang W, Goldberg RJ, Anderson FA, Kiefe CI, Spencer FA. Secular trends in occurrence of acute venous thromboembolism: the Worcester VTE study (1985-2009). American Journal of Medicine 2014;127(9):829-39.
23. Jiménez Castro D, Sueiro A, Díaz G, Escobar C, García-Rull S, Picher J, et al. Prognostic significance of delays in diagnosis of pulmonary of pulmonary embolism. Thrombosis Research 2007;121(2):153-8.
24. Kearon C, Kahn SR, Agnelli G, Goldhaber S, Raskob GE, Comerota AJ, American College of Chest Physicians. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th edition). Chest 2008;133(6 Suppl):S454–S545.
25. Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, Prandoni P, Bounameaux H, Goldhaber SZ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis. 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e419–94.
26. Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest 2016;149(2):315-52.
27. Konstantinides SV, Torbicki A, Agnelli G, Danchin N, Fitzmaurice D, Galiè N, et al. 2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal 2014;35(43):3033–69k.
28. Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, Bueno H, Geersing GJ, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). European Respiratory Journal 2019;54:1901647. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01647-2019]
29. Kraaijpoel N, Bleker SM, Meyer G, Mahe I, Munoz A, et al. Treatment and long-term clinical outcomes of incidental pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer: An international prospective cohort study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2019;37(20):1713-20.
30. Le Gal G, Righini M, Parent F, van Strijen M, Couturaud F. Diagnosis and management of sub-segmental pulmonary embolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2006;4(4):724–31.
31. Lefebvre C, Manheimer E, Glanville J. Chapter 6: Searching for studies. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
32. Meaney JFM, Weg JG, Chenevert TL, Stafford-Johnson D, Hamilton BH, Prince MR. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with magnetic resonance angiography. New England Journal of Medicine 1997;336(20):1422-7.
33. Moores LK, Jackson WL Jr, Shorr AF, Jackson JL. Meta-analysis: outcomes in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism managed with computed tomographic pulmonary angiography. Annals of Internal Medicine 2004;141(11):866-74.
34. Morgan C, Choi H. Do patients with a clinically suspected subsegmental pulmonary embolism need anticoagulation therapy?. Emergency Medicine Journal 2015;32:744-7.
35. Mullins MD, Becker DM, Hagspiel KD, Philbrick JT. The role of spiral volumetric computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Archives of Internal Medicine 2000;160(3):293–8.
36. Nazaroglu H, Ozmen CA, Akay HO, Kilinc I, Bilici A. 64-MDCT pulmonary angiography and CT venography in the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease. American Journal of Roentgenology 2009;192(3):654–61.
37. NCT01455818. A study to evaluate the safety of withholding anticoagulation in patients with subsegmental PE who have a negative serial bilateral lower extremity ultrasound (SSPE). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01455818 (first received 20 October 2011).
38. Newell DJ. Intention-to-treat analysis: implications for quantitative and qualitative research. International Journal of Epidemiology 1992;21(5):837–41.
39. O'Connell C, Razavi P, Ghalichi M, Boyle S, Vasan S, Mark L, et al. Unsuspected pulmonary emboli adversely impact survival in patients with cancer undergoing routine staging multi-row detector computed tomography scanning. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2011;9(2):305-11.
40. O'Connell, Razavi P, Liebman H. Symptoms adversely impact survival among patients with cancer and unsuspected pulmonary embolism. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011;29(31):4208-9.
41. Peiman S, Abbasi M, Allameh SF, Gharabaghi MA, Abtahi H, Safavi E. Subsegmental pulmonary embolism: a narrative review. Thrombosis Research 2016;138:55-60.
42. Pena E, Kimpton M, Dennie C, Peterson R, LE Gal G, Carrier M. Difference in interpretation of computed tomography pulmonary angiography diagnosis of subsegmental thrombosis in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2012;10(3):496-8.
43. Perrier A, Bounameaux H, Morabia A, de Moerloose P, Slosman D, Didier D, et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by a decision analysis-based strategy including clinical probability, D-dimer levels, and ultrasonography: a management study. Archives of Internal Medicine 1996;156(5):531–6.
44. Perrier A, Desmarais S, Miron MJ, de Moerloose P, Lepage R, Slosman D, et al. Non-invasive diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in outpatients. Lancet 1999;353(9148):190–5.
45. Piazza G, Goldhaber SZ. Acute pulmonary embolism part II: treatment and prophylaxis. Circulation 2006114(3):e42-7.
46. Prasad V, Rho J, Cifu A. The diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism. A metaphor for medicine in the evidence-based medicine era. Archives of Internal Medicine 2012;172(12):955-8.
47. Raschke RA, Reilly BM, Guidry JR, Fontana JR, Srinivas S. The weight-based heparin dosing nomogram compared with a standard care nomogram: a randomized controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 1993;119(9):874-81.
48. Raslan IA, Chong J, Gallix B, Lee TC, McDonald EG. Rates of over treatment and treatment-related adverse effects among patients with subsegmental pulmonary embolism. JAMA Internal Medicine 2018;178(9):1272-4. [DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.2971]
49. Rathbun SW, Raskob GE, Whitsett TL. Sensitivity and specificity of helical computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine 2000;132(3):227-32.
50. Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Wattinne L, Giraud F. Central pulmonary thromboembolism: diagnosis with spiral volumetric CT with the single-breath-hold technique-comparison with pulmonary angiography. Radiology 1992;185:381-7.
51. Ruiz Y, Caballero P, Caniego J, Friera A, Olivera M, Tagarro D, et al. Prospective comparison of helical CT with angiography in pulmonary embolism: global and selective vascular territory analysis. Interobserver agreement. European Radiology 2003;13:823-9.
52. Ryu JH, Olson EJ, Pellikka PA. Clinical recognition of pulmonary embolism: problem of unrecognized and asymptomatic cases. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1998;73(9):873-9.
53. Schoepf UJ, Kessler MA, Rieger CT, Herzog P, Klotz E, Wiesgigl S, et al. Multislice CT imaging of pulmonary embolism. European Radiology 2001;11(11):2278-86.
54. Schoepf UJ, Costello P. CT angiography for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: state of the art. Radiology 2004;230(2):329–37.
55. Segal JB, Streiff MB, Hofmann LV, Thornton K, Bass EB. Management of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review for a practice guideline. Annals of Internal Medicine 2007;146(3):211-22.
56. Spyropoulos AC. Investigational treatments of venous thromboembolism. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 2007;16(4):431-40.
57. Stein PD, Henry JW. Prevalence of acute pulmonary embolism in central and subsegmental pulmonary arteries and relation to probability interpretation of ventilation/perfusion lung scans. Chest 1997;111(5):1246–8.
58. Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR, Gottschalk A, Hales CA, Hull RD, et al. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. New England Journal of Medicine 2006;354(22):2317-27.
59. Storto ML, Di Credico A, Guido F, Larici AR, Bonomo L. Incidental detection of pulmonary emboli on routine MDCT of the chest. American Journal of Roentgenology 2005;184:264-7.
60. Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantinides S, Agnelli G, Galiè N, Pruszczyk P, et al. ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG). Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the Task Force for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal 2008;29(18):2276-315.
61. White RH, Zhou H, Murin S. Death due to recurrent thromboembolism among younger healthier individuals hospitalized for idiopathic pulmonary embolism. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2008;99(4):683-90.
62. Wiener RS, Schwartz LM, Woloshin S. Time trends in pulmonary embolism in the United States: evidence of overdiagnosis. Archives of Internal Medicine 2011;171(9):831-7.
63. Yoo HHB, Queluz THAT, El Dib RP. Anticoagulant treatment for subsegmental pulmonary embolism. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010222]
64. Yoo HHB, Queluz THAT, El Dib R. Anticoagulant treatment for subsegmental pulmonary embolism. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010222.pub2]
65. Yoo HHB, Queluz THAT, El Dib RP. Anticoagulant treatment for subsegmental pulmonary embolism. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010222.pub3]