Potassium molybdate as a source of molybdenum added for nutritional purposes to food supplements

EFSA Journal

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2009, Pages

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

CAS Registry Number 13446 49 6; dipotassium tetraoxomolybdate; food supplement; Potassium molybdate

Indexed keywords

EID: 85078396800     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18314732     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1136     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Arlington LR and Davis GK, 1953. Molybdenum toxicity in the rabbit. Journal of Nutrition 51, 295–304.
2. Arthur D, 1965. Interrelationships of molybdenum and copper in the diet of the guinea pig. Journal of Nutrition 51, 295–304.
3. Asmangulyan A, 1965. Determination of the maximum permissible concentration of molybdenum in open bodies of water. Gigiena i sanitariia 30, 4–6.
4. Bobyleva LA, Chopikashvili LV, Alyokhina NI, Zasukhina GD, 1991. Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in high risk groups of workers exposed to heavy metals. Cytology and Genetics (Russia) 25 (3), 18–23.
5. Boles JW, Klaassen CD, 1998a. Effect of molybdate on the sulfation of harmol and alpha-naphtol. Toxicology 127, 121–127.
6. Boles JW, Klaassen CD, 1998b. Effect of molybdate and pentachlorophenol on the sulfation of dehydroepiandrosterone. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 151, 105–109.
7. Boles JW, Klaassen CD, 2000. Effect of molybdate and pentachlorophenol on the sulfation of acetaminophen. Toxicology 146, 23–35.
8. Chopikashvili LV, Bobyuleva LA, Zolotareva GN, 1991: Genotoxicity of molybdenum and its derivatives in Drosophila and mammals. Cytology and Genetics (Russia) 25 (5), 45–49.
9. Cook GA, Lesperance AL, Bohman VR, Jensen EH, 1966. Interrelationship of molybdenum and certain factors to the development of the molybdenum toxicity syndrome. Journal of Animal Science 25, 96–101.
10. EC (European Commission), 2001. Commission Directive 2001/15/EC of 15 February 2001 on substances that may be added for specific nutritional purposes in foods for particular nutritional uses. Official Journal of the European Communities L 52, 22.02.2001, p. 19.
11. EC (European Commission), 2002. Commission Directive 2002/46/EC of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements. Official Journal of the European Union, Official Journal of the European Communities L 183, 12.7.2002 p.51.
12. EC (European Commission), 2008. Commission Regulation (EC) No 629/2008 of 2 July 2008 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuff. Official Journal of the European Communities L 173, 3.07.2008.
13. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2005. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on a request from the Commission related to the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Potassium. The EFSA Journal 193, 1–19.
14. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 2003. Molybdenum (CASRN 7439-98-7) US Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System. Last revision 28 October 2003.
15. EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2003. Part 3: trace elements. In Safe Upper Levels for Vitamins and Minerals: Report of the Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals. 172–179. 2003. Food Standards Agency (FSA), London, England.
16. Fairhall L, Dunn RC, Sharpless NE Pritchard EA, 1945. The Toxicity of Molybdenum. U.S. Public Health Bull. No. 293. (Cited in Friberg et al., 1975; Stokinger, 1981; U.S. EPA, 1990).
17. Friberg L and Lener J, 1986. Molybenum. In: Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. 2nd ed. L Friberg, GF Nordberg and VB Vouk, eds. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, New York. pp. 446–461.
18. Fungwe F, Buddingh DS, Demick CD, Lox MT, Yang MT, Yang SP, 1990. The role of dietary molybdenum on estrous activity, fertility, reproduction and molybdenum and copper enzyme activities of female rats. Nutrition Research 10, 515–524.
19. IDACE (Association of Dietetic Food Industries of the EU), 1995. Request to the EU Commission on Molybdates (CS/ADD/NUT/2).
20. IOM (Institute of Medicine), 2001. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium and zinc. National Academic Press, Washington, DC.
21. Jeter M, Davis GK, 1954. The effect of dietary molybdenum upon growth, hemoglobin, reproduction and lactation of rats. Journal of Nutrition 54, 215–220.
22. Kada T, Hirano K, Shirasu Y, 1980. Screening of environmental chemical mutagens by the rec-assay system with Bacillus subtilis. In De Serres FJ, Hollaender A (eds): “Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for Their Detection, Vol. 6.” New York: Plenum Press, pp 149–173.
23. Kovalsky VV, Yarovaya GA, Shmavonyan DM. 1961. Changes of purine metabolism in man and animals under conditions of molybdenum biogeochemical provinces. Zhurnal obshche$ biologii22, 179–191.
24. Leblanc JC, Guerin T, Noel L, Calamassi-Tran G, Volatier JL, Verger P, 2005. Dietary exposure estimates of 18 elements from the 1st French Total Diet Study. Food Additives and Contaminants 22, 624–641.
25. Mills CF and Fell BF, 1960. Demyelination in lambs born of ewes maintained on high intakes of sulphate and molybdate. Nature 185, 20–22.
26. NTP (National Toxicology Program), 1997. Molybdenum trioxide. NTP TR 462, NIH Pub. No. 95–3378.
27. Nishioka H, 1975. Mutagenic activities of metal compounds in bacteria. Mutation Research 31, 185–189.
28. Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 1981. 3rd edition, Wiley Interscience Publ.
29. SCF (Scientific Committee for Food), 1993. 31st series of reports of the Scientific Committee for Food. Nutrient and energy intakes for the European Community. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
30. SCF (Scientific Committee on Food), 2000. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on The Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Molybdenum. SCF/CS/NUT/UPPLEV/22 November 2000. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
31. Schroeder HA, Mitchener M, 1971. Toxic effects of trace elements on the reproduction of mice and rats. Archives of environmental health 23, 102–106.
32. Seaborn CD, Yang SP, 1993. Effect of molybdenum supplementation on N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis and molybdenum excretion in rats. Biological trace element research 39, 245–256.
33. Singh I, 1983. Induction of reverse mutation and mitotic gene conversion by some metal compounds in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutation research 117 (1–2), 149–52.
34. Titenko-Holland N, Shao JS, Zhang LP, Xi LQ, Ngo HL, Shang N, Smith, MT, 1998. Studies on the genotoxicity of molybdenum salts in human cells in vitro and in mice in vivo. Environmental and molecular mutagenesis 32, 251–259.
35. Turnlund JE, Keyes WR, Peiffer GL, 1995. Molybdenum absorption, excretion, and retention studied with stable isotopes in young men at five intakes of dietary molybdenum. The American journal of clinical nutrition 62, 790–7796.
36. Venitt S, Levy LS, 1974: Mutagenicity of chromates in bacteria and its relevance to chromate carcinogenesis. Nature 250, 493–495.
37. Vyskocil A and Viau C, 1999. Assessment of molybdenum toxicity in humans. Journal of applied toxicology 19, 185–92.
38. WHO (World Health Organization), 1996. Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health. Geneva. World Health Organization. Prepared in Collaboration with the FAO of the UN and the IAEA.
39. Zeiger E, Anderson B, Haworth S, Lawlor T, Mortelmans K, 1992. Salmonella mutagenicity tests. V. Results from the testing of 311 chemicals. Environmental and molecular mutagenesis 19 (Suppl 21), 2–141.