Eating disorders, shame and pride: A cognitive-behavioural functional analysis

Body Shame: Conceptualisation, Research and Treatment

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 219-255

  Goss, Kenneth ^c   Gilbert, Paul ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DERBY   (United Kingdom)

^b KINGSWAY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85069324825     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781315820255-21     Document Type: Chapter

References (119)

1. Abed, R.T. (1998) The sexual competition hypothesis of eating disorders. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 71, 525-547.
2. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
3. Blake, W., Turnball, S. & Treasure, J. (1997) Stages and processes of change in eating disorders: Implications for therapy. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 4 (3), 186-191.
4. Brody, C.L., Haag, D.A.F., Kirk, L. & Solomon, A. (1999) Experiences of anger in people who have recovered from depression and never-depressed people. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 187, 400-405.
5. Brownell, K.D. (1995) Eating disorders in athletes. In K.D. Brownell & C.G. Fairburn (eds) Eating Disorders and Obesity: A Comprehensive Handbook (pp. 191-198). New York: Guilford Press.
6. Bruch, H. (1973) Eating Disorders: Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa and the Person Within. New York: Basic Books.
7. Burney, J. & Irwin, H.J. (2000) Shame and guilt in females with eating disordered symptomatology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 51-61.
8. Campbell, P.G. (1995) What would a causal explanation of the eating disorders look like? In G. Szmukler, C. Dare & J. Treasure (eds) Handbook of Eating Disorders (pp.49-64). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
9. Cash, T.F. & Hicks, K.L. (1990) Being fat versus thinking fat: Relationships with body image, eating behaviours, and well-being. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14 (3), 327-341.
10. Clark D.M. (1999) Anxiety disorders: Why they persist and how to treat them. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, S5-S27.
11. Cook, D.R. (1994) Internalised Shame Scale Professional Manual. Wisconsin:Channel Press.
12. Cook, D.R. (1996) Empirical studies of shame and guilt: The internalized shame scale. In D.L. Nathanson (ed.) Knowing Feeling: Affect, Script and Psychotherapy (pp. 132-165). New York: Norton.
13. Cooper, J.M. & Todd, G. (1997) Selective processing of three types of stimuli in eating disorders. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 279-281.
14. Cooper, J.M., Todd, G. & Wells, A. (1998) Content, origins, and consequences of dysfunctional beliefs in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 12, 213-230.
15. Cooper, P.J. (1995) Eating disorders and their relationship to mood and anxiety disorders. In K.D. Brownell & C.G. Fairburn (eds) Eating Disorders and Obesity: A Comprehensive Handbook. London: Guilford Press.
16. Crisp, A.H. (1979) Anorexia Nervosa: Let Me Be. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
17. Crocker, J. & Major, B. (1989) Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective qualities of stigma. Psychological Review, 96, 608-630.
18. Davidson, J., Zisook, S., Giller, E. & Helms, M. (1989) Symptoms of interpersonal sensitivity in depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 30, 357-368.
19. Davis, C. (1997) Normal and neurotic perfectionism in eating disorders: An interactive model. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 22, 421-426.
20. De Silva, P. (1993) Sexual problems in women with eating disorders. In J. Ussher & C. Baker (eds) Psychological Perspectives on Sexual Problems (pp. 79-109). London:Routledge.
21. De Silva, P. (1995) Cognitive-behavioural models of eating disorder. In G. Szmukler, C. Dare & J. Treasure (eds) Handbook of Eating Disorders (pp. 141-154). Chichester:John Wiley & Sons.
22. Eisler, I. (1995) Family models of eating disorders. In G. Szmukler, C. Dare & J. Treasure (eds) Handbook of Eating Disorders (pp. 155-174). Chichester:John Wiley & Sons.
23. Eldredge, K.L., Locke, K.D. & Horowitz, L.M. (1998) Patterns of interpersonal problems associated with binge eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 23, 383-389.
24. Fairburn, C.G., Kirk, J., O’Connor, M., Anastansiades, P. & Cooper, P.J. (1987) Prognostic factors in bulimia nervosa. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26, 223-224.
25. Fairburn, C.G. & Cooper, P.J. (1989) Eating disorders. In K. Hawton, P.M. Salkovskis, J. Kirk & D.M. Clark (eds) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychiatric Problems:A Practical Guide (pp. 227-314). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
26. Fairburn, C.G. (2001a) Personal correspondence.
27. Fairburn, C.G. (2001b) Presentation to the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Glasgow University, June 2001.
28. Falkner, N.H., French, S.A., Jeffery, R.W., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Sherwood, N.E. & Morton, N. (1999) Mistreatment due to weight: Prevalence and sources of perceived mistreatment in women and men. Obesity Research, 7, 572-576.
29. Ferster, C.B. (1973). A functional analysis of depression. American Psychologist, 28, 857-870.
30. Friedman, M.A. & Whisman, M.A. (1998) Sociotropy, autonomy, and bulimic symptomatology. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 23, 439-442.
31. Garner, D.M. & Garfinkel, P.E. (1982) Anorexia Nervosa: A Multidimensional Perspective. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
32. Garner, D.M. & Garfinkel, P.E. (1985) Handbook of Psychotherapy for Anorexia and Bulimia. New York: Guilford Press.
33. Garner, D.M. (1997) Psychoeducational principles in treatment. In D.M. Garner & P.E. Garfinkel (eds) Handbook of Treatment for Eating Disorders (2nd edn.). New York: Guilford Press.
34. Gee, A. & Troop, N.N. (2001) Shame, depression and eating disorder symptoms. Submitted for publication.
35. Geller, J., Cocknell, S.J. & Goldner, E.M. (2000) Inhibited expression of negative emotions and interpersonal orientation in anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28, 8-19.
36. Ghadirian, A.M., Marini, N., Jabalpurwala, S. & Steiger, H. (1999) Seasonal mood patterns in eating disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry, 21 (September), 354-359.
37. Gilbert, P. (1989). Human Nature and Suffering. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates and New York: Guilford Press.
38. Gilbert, P. (1992) Depression: The Evolution of Powerlessness. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates and New York: Guilford Press.
39. Gilbert, P. (1997) The evolution of social attractiveness and its role in shame, humiliation, guilt and therapy. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 70, 113-147.
40. Gilbert, P. (1998a) What is shame? Some core issues and controversies. In P. Gilbert & B. Andrews (eds) Shame: Interpersonal Behaviour, Psychopathology and Culture (pp. 3-38). New York: Oxford University Press.
41. Gilbert, P. (1998b) Shame and humiliation in the treatment of complex cases. In N. Tarrier, A. Wells & G. Haddock (eds) Treating Complex Cases: The Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Approach (pp. 241-271). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
42. Gilbert, P. (1998c) The evolved basis and adaptive functions of cognitive distortions. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 71, 447-463.
43. Gilbert, P. (2000a) The relationship of shame, social anxiety and depression: The role of the evaluation of social rank. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 7, 174-189.
44. Gilbert, P. (2000b) Overcoming Depression: A Self-guide Using Cognitive Behavioural Techniques (revised edition). London: Robinsons and New York: Oxford University Press.
45. Gilbert, P. (2000c) Social Mentalities: Internal ‘social’ conflicts and the role of inner warmth and compassion in cognitive therapy. In P. Gilbert & K.G. Bailey (eds) Genes on the Couch: Explorations in Evolutionary Psychotherapy (pp. 118-150). Hove: Psychology Press.
46. Gilbert, P. & Andrews, B. (1998) (eds) Shame: Interpersonal Behaviour, Psychopathology and Culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
47. Gilbert, P. & McGuire, M. (1998) Shame, social roles and status: The psychobiological continuum from monkey to human. In P. Gilbert & B. Andrews (eds) Shame:Interpersonal Behaviour, Psychopathology and Culture (pp. 99-125). New York:Oxford University Press.
48. Gilbert, P., Price, J.S. & Allan, S. (1995) Social comparison, social attractiveness and evolution: How might they be related? New Ideas In Psychology, 13, 149-165.
49. Goss, K., Gilbert, P. & Allan, S. (1994) An exploration of shame measures. I: The ‘other as shamer scale’. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 713-717.
50. Hall, R.C., Blakey, R.E. & Hall, A.K. (1992) Bulimia Nervosa. Four uncommon subtypes. Psychosomatics, 33, 428-346.
51. Heatherton, T.F. & Baumeister, R.F. (1991) Binge eating as an escape from self-awareness. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 86-108.
52. Hewitt, P.L., Flett, G.L. & Ediger, E. (1995) Perfectionism traits and perfectionistic self-presentation in eating disorder attitudes, characteristics, and symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18, 317-326.
53. Huline-Dickens, S. (2000) Anorexia nervosa: Some connections with the religious attitude. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 73, 67-76.
54. Jensen, A. (2001) Towards effective treatments of eating disorders: Nothing is as practical as a good theory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1007-1021.
55. Kaufman, G. (1989) The Psychology of Shame. New York: Springer.
56. Kayrooz, C. (1994) A thematic guide to bulimia nervosa. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 16, 64-72.
57. Kayrooz, C. (2001) A Systemic Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa: Women in Transition. London: Jessica Kingsley.
58. Keys, A., Broze, J. & Henschel, A. (1950) The Biology of Human Starvation (vol. 2). Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota University Press.
59. Kinder, B.N. (1991) Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa). In M. Hershey & S.M. Turner (eds) Adult Psychopathology and Diagnosis (2nd edn.). New York: Wiley Interscience.
60. Lacey, H.J. & Mourelli, E. (1986) Bulimic alcoholics: Some features of a clinical sub-group. British Journal of Addiction, 81, 389-393.
61. Lehoux, P.M., Steiger, H. & Jabalpurlawa, S. (2000) State/trait distinctions in bulimic syndromes. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27 January, 36-42.
62. Levy, A.B., Dixon, K.N. & Stern, S.L. (1989) How are depression and bulimia related? American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 162-169.
63. Littlewood, R. (1995) Psychopathology and personal agency: Modernity, culture change and eating disorders in South Asian societies. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 68, 45-63.
64. Marcus, M.D., Smith, D., Santelli, R. & Kaye, W. (1992) Characterization of eating disordered behaviour in obese binge eaters. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 12 (3), 249-255.
65. Marcus, M.D (1993) Binge eating in obesity. In C.G. Fairburn & G.T. Wilson (eds) Binge Eating: Nature, Assessment and Treatment. New York: Guilford Press.
66. Mascolo, M.F. & Fischer, K.W. (1995) Developmental transformations in appraisals of pride, shame and guilt. In J.P. Tangney & K.W. Fischer (eds) Self-conscious Emotions: The Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment and Pride (pp. 64-113). New York: Guilford Press.
67. McCloed, S. (1981) The Art of Starvation. London: Virago.
68. Nagi, E.S., Lee, S. & Lee, A.M. (2000) The variability of phenomenology in anorexia nervosa. Acta Psychiatry Scand, October, 102 (4), 314-317.
69. Nathanson, D.L. (1992) Shame and Pride: Affect Sex and the Birth of the Self. New York: Norton Paperbacks.
70. Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M., Hannan, P.J., Beuhring, T. & Resnick, M.D. (2000) Disordered eating among adolescents: Associations with sexual/physical abuse and other familial/psychosocial factors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28, 249-258.
71. Norman, D.K., Herzog, D.B. & Chauncey, S. (1986) A one-year outcome study of bulimia: Psychological and eating symptom changes in a treatment and nontreatment group. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 5, 47-48.
72. Olmsted, M.P. & Kaplan, A.S. (1995) Psychoeducation in the treatment of eating disorders. In K.D. Brownell & C.G. Fairburn (eds) Eating Disorders and Obesity: A Comprehensive Handbook (pp. 299-305). London: Guilford Press.
73. Orbach, S. (1979) Fat is a Feminist Issue. London: Hamlyn.
74. Polivy, J. & Herman, C.P. (1993) Etiology of binge eating: Psychological mechanisms. In C.G. Fairburn & G.T. Wilson (eds) Binge Eating: Nature, Assessment and Treatment (pp. 173-205). New York: Guilford Press.
75. Robinson, W.P. (1996) (ed) Social Groups and Identities: Developing the Legacy of Henri Tajfel. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinmann.
76. Robson, P.J. (1998) Self-esteem: A psychiatric review. British Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 6-15.
77. Roth, A. & Fogany, P. (1996) What Works for Whom? A Critical Review of Psychotherapy Research. New York: Guilford Press.
78. Russell, G.F.M. (1995) Anorexia through time. In G. Szmukler, C. Dare & J. Treasure (eds) Handbook of Eating Disorders (pp. 5-18). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
79. Sanftner, J.L. & Crowther, J.H. (1998) Variability in self-esteem, moods, shame and guilt to eating disorder symptomatology. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 14, 315-324.
80. Schimel, J., Arnt, J., Pyszczynski, T. & Greenbergm, J. (2001) Being accepted for who we are: Evidence that social validation of the intrinsic self reduces defensiveness! Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 35-52.
81. Schmidt, U., Tiller, J. & Morgan, H.G. (1995) The social consequences of eating disorders. In G. Szmukler, C. Dare & J. Treasure (eds) Handbook of Eating Disorders (pp. 243-258). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
82. Schmidt, U., Tiller, J., Blanchard, M., Andrews, B. & Treasure, J. (1997) Is there a specific trauma precipitating anorexia nervosa? Psychological Medicine, 27, 523-530.
83. Scott, J.C. (1990) Domination and the Arts of Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.
84. Serpall, L., Treasure, J., Teasdale, J. & Sullivan, V. (1999) Anorexia nervosa: Friend or foe? International Journal of Eating Disorders, March, 25, 177-186.
85. Steiger, H., Jabalpurlwala, S., Campangne, J. & Stotland, S. (1997) A controlled study of trait narcissism in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 22 (2), 173-178.
86. Steiger, H., Gauvin, L., Jabalpurlwala, S., Seguin, J.R. & Stotland, S. (1999) Hypersensitivity to social interactions in bulimic syndromes: Relationship to binge eating. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, 67 (5), 765-675.
87. Steinberg, B.E. & Shaw, R.J. (1997) Bulimia as a disturbance of narcissism: Selfesteem and the capacity to self-soothe. Addictive Behaviour, 22, 699-710.
88. Steins, G. & Remy, C. (1996) Self-concept and need for approval in bulimia patients. Z Psychol. Z. Angew Psychol., 204, 187-198.
89. Stice, E., Agras, W.S. & Hammer, L.D. (1999) Risk factors for the emergence of childhood eating disturbances: A five-year prospective study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 25, 375-387.
90. Striegel-Moore, R., Silberstein, L.R. & Rodin, J. (1993) The social self in bulimia nervosa: Public self-consciousness, social anxiety, and perceived fraudulence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 297-303.
91. Striegel-Moore, R., Schreiber, G.B., Lo, A., Crawford, P., Obarzanek, E. & Rodin, J. (2000) Eating disorders symptoms in a cohort of 11 to 16-year-old black and white girls: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27, 49-66.
92. Szmukler, G., Dare, C. & Treasure, J. (1995) (eds) Handbook of Eating Disorders. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
93. Szmukler, G.I. & Patton, G. (1995) Sociocultural models of eating disorders. In G. Szmukler, C. Dare & J. Treasure, J. (eds) Handbook of Eating Disorders. Chichester:John Wiley & Sons.
94. Tangney J.P. (1995) Shame and guilt in interpersonal relationships. In J.P. Tangney & K.W. Fischer (eds) Self-conscious Emotions: The Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment and Pride (pp. 114-139). New York: Guilford Press.
95. Tangney, J.P. & Fischer, K.W. (1995) (eds) Self-conscious Emotions: The Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment and Pride. New York: Guilford Press.
96. Tangney, J.P., Hill-Barlow, D., Wagner, P.E., Marschall, D.E., Borenstein, J.K., Sanftner, J., Mor, T. & Gramzow, R. (1996) Assessing individual differences in constructive versus destructive responses to anger across the lifespan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 780-796.
97. Tangney, J.P., Wagner, P. & Gramzow, R. (1989). The Test of Self-conscious Affect. Fairfax, VA: George Mason University.
98. Tangney, J.P., Wagner, P. & Gramzow, R. (1992a) Proneness to shame, proneness to guilt, and psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 469-478.
99. Tangney, J.P., Wagner, P., Fletcher, C. & Gramzow, R. (1992b) Shamed into anger? The relation of shame and guilt to self-reported aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 669-675.
100. Telch, C.F. & Agras, W.S. (1984) Obesity, binge eating and psychopathology: Are they related? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 20 (3), 271-279.
101. Telch, C.F. & Stice, E. (1998) Psychiatric co-morbidity in women with binge eating disorder: Prevalence rates from a non-treatment seeking sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 768-776.
102. Thompson, J.K. (1996) (ed) Body Image, Eating Disorders and Obesity: An Integrative Guide for Assessment and Treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
103. Tice, D.M., Bratslavsky, E. & Baumeister, R.F. (2001) Emotional distress regulation takes precedence over impulse control: If you feel bad do it! Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 53-67.
104. Tobin, D.L., Griffing, A. & Griffing, S. (1997) An examination of subtype criteria for bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, September, 22, 179-186.
105. Tomkins (1963) Affect Imagery Consciousness. Volume 2, Negative Affects. New York:Springer.
106. Troop, N.A., Schmidt, U.H. & Treasure, J.L. (1995) Feelings and fantasy in eating disorders: A factor analysis of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. International Journal of Eating Disorder, 18 (2), 151-157.
107. Troop, N.A., Connan, F., Las Hayas, C. & Treasure, J.L. (2001a) Shame and pride in eating disorders. Submitted for publication.
108. Troop, N.A., Allan, S., Serpall, L. & Treasure, J.L. (2001b) Shame in women with a history of eating disorders. Submitted for publication.
109. Vitousek, K.M. (1996) The current status of cognitive-behavioral models of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In P.M. Salkovskis (ed.) Frontiers of Cognitive Therapy (pp. 383-418). New York: Guilford Press.
110. Wallace, M. (1986) The Silent Twins. Suffolk: Penguin.
111. Waller, G. (1993) Why do we agree different types of eating disorders: Arguments for a change in research and clinical practice. Eating Disorders Review, 1, 74-89.
112. Waller, G. & Meyer, C. (1997) Cognitive avoidance of threat cues: Association with Eating Disorder Inventory scores among a non-eating disordered population. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 22, 299-308.
113. Waller, G. (1998) Perceived control in eating disorders: Relationship with reported sexual abuse. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 23, 213-216.
114. Ward, A., Ramsay, R. & Treasure, J. (2000) Attachment research in eating disorders. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 73, 35-51.
115. Waters, A., Hill, A., & Waller, G. (2001) Bulimics’ responses to food cravings: Is bingeeating a product of hunger or emotional state. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 877-886.
116. Webb, C. (2000) Psychological distress in clinical obesity: The role of eating disorder beliefs and behaviours, social comparison and shame. Unpublished Doctoral manuscript. University of Leicester.
117. Welch, S.L., Doll, H.A. & Fairburn, C.G. (1997) Life events and the onset of bulimia nervosa: A controlled study. Psychological Medicine, 27, 515-522.
118. Whitehead, L. (1994) Machismo nervosa: A new type of eating disorder in men. International Cognitive Therapy Newsletter, 8 (1), pp.2-3.
119. Wilson, G.T. (1995) Eating disorders and addictive disorders. In K.D. Brownell & C.G. Fairburn (eds) Eating Disorders and Obesity: A Comprehensive Handbook. New York: Guilford Press.