메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 420-427

Age and sex differences in willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, and self‐perceived competence

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 85068284674     PISSN: 08824096     EISSN: 17464099     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08824090409360006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (106)

References (26)
  • 1
    • 0034418452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of gender and immersion on communication and second language orientations
    • Baker, S. C., and MacIntyre, P. D., 2000. The effects of gender and immersion on communication and second language orientations. Language Learning, 50: 311–347.
    • (2000) Language Learning , vol.50 , pp. 311-347
    • Baker, S.C.1    MacIntyre, P.D.2
  • 2
    • 0001926287 scopus 로고
    • Self‐efficacy conception of anxiety
    • Bandura, A., 1988. Self‐efficacy conception of anxiety. Anxiety Research, 1: 77–98.
    • (1988) Anxiety Research , vol.1 , pp. 77-98
    • Bandura, A.1
  • 3
    • 0000661231 scopus 로고
    • Is there any reason to research sex differences in communication?
    • Canary, D. J., and Hause, K. S., 1993. Is there any reason to research sex differences in communication?. Communication Quarterly, 41: 129–144.
    • (1993) Communication Quarterly , vol.41 , pp. 129-144
    • Canary, D.J.1    Hause, K.S.2
  • 6
    • 0011345999 scopus 로고
    • Variables underlying willingness to communicate: A causal analysis
    • MacIntyre, P. D., 1994. Variables underlying willingness to communicate: A causal analysis. Communication Research Reports, 12: 241–247.
    • (1994) Communication Research Reports , vol.12 , pp. 241-247
    • MacIntyre, P.D.1
  • 7
    • 0011377541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Willingness to communicate: Antecedents and consequences
    • MacIntyre, P. D., Babin, P. A., and Clément, R., 1999. Willingness to communicate: Antecedents and consequences. Communication Quarterly, 47: 215–229.
    • (1999) Communication Quarterly , vol.47 , pp. 215-229
    • MacIntyre, P.D.1    Babin, P.A.2    Clément, R.3
  • 8
    • 0036024656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex and age effects on willingness to communicate, anxiety, perceived competence, and L2 motivation among junior high school French immersion students
    • MacIntyre, P. D., Baker, S. C., Clément, R., and Donovan, L. A., 2002. Sex and age effects on willingness to communicate, anxiety, perceived competence, and L2 motivation among junior high school French immersion students. Language Learning, 52: 537–564.
    • (2002) Language Learning , vol.52 , pp. 537-564
    • MacIntyre, P.D.1    Baker, S.C.2    Clément, R.3    Donovan, L.A.4
  • 9
    • 0242329698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Talking in order to learn: Willingness to communicate and intensive language programs
    • MacIntyre, P. D., Baker, S. C., Clement, R., and Donovan, L. A., 2003. Talking in order to learn: Willingness to communicate and intensive language programs. Canadian Modern Language Review, 59: 589–607.
    • (2003) Canadian Modern Language Review , vol.59 , pp. 589-607
    • MacIntyre, P.D.1    Baker, S.C.2    Clement, R.3    Donovan, L.A.4
  • 10
    • 0031507270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biases in self‐ratings of second language proficiency: The role of language anxiety
    • MacIntyre, P. D., Noels, K., and Clément, R., 1997. Biases in self‐ratings of second language proficiency: The role of language anxiety. Language Learning, 47: 265–287.
    • (1997) Language Learning , vol.47 , pp. 265-287
    • MacIntyre, P.D.1    Noels, K.2    Clément, R.3
  • 11
    • 84863343604 scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of the willingness to communicate scale
    • McCroskey, J. C., 1992. Reliability and validity of the willingness to communicate scale. Communication Quarterly, 40: 16–25.
    • (1992) Communication Quarterly , vol.40 , pp. 16-25
    • McCroskey, J.C.1
  • 13
    • 0002900682 scopus 로고
    • Self‐report as an approach to measuring communication competence
    • McCroskey, J. C., and McCroskey, L., 1988. Self‐report as an approach to measuring communication competence. Communication Research Reports, 5: 106–113.
    • (1988) Communication Research Reports , vol.5 , pp. 106-113
    • McCroskey, J.C.1    McCroskey, L.2
  • 14
    • 0002492577 scopus 로고
    • Willingness to communicate
    • McCroskey J.C., Daly J.A., (eds), Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, and,. Edited by
    • McCroskey, J. C., and Richmond, V. P., 1987. “ Willingness to communicate ”. In Personality and interpersonal communication, Edited by: McCroskey, J. C., and Daly, J. A., 129–156. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    • (1987) Personality and interpersonal communication , pp. 129-156
    • McCroskey, J.C.1    Richmond, V.P.2
  • 15
    • 84929225619 scopus 로고
    • Willingness to communicate: Differing cultural perspectives
    • McCroskey, J. C., and Richmond, V. P., 1990. Willingness to communicate: Differing cultural perspectives. Southern Communication Journal, 56: 72–77.
    • (1990) Southern Communication Journal , vol.56 , pp. 72-77
    • McCroskey, J.C.1    Richmond, V.P.2
  • 16
    • 0002999153 scopus 로고
    • Willingness to Communicate: A cognitive view
    • Booth‐Butterfield M., (ed), Newbury Park, CA: Sage, and,. Edited by
    • McCroskey, J. C., and Richmond, V. P., 1991. “ Willingness to Communicate: A cognitive view ”. In Communication, cognition, and anxiety, Edited by: Booth‐Butterfield, M., 19–37. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1991) Communication, cognition, and anxiety , pp. 19-37
    • McCroskey, J.C.1    Richmond, V.P.2
  • 19
    • 0002391034 scopus 로고
    • Reticence: Pathology of the normal speaker
    • Phillips, G. M., 1968. Reticence: Pathology of the normal speaker. Speech Monographs, 35: 39–49.
    • (1968) Speech Monographs , vol.35 , pp. 39-49
    • Phillips, G.M.1
  • 20
    • 84925910274 scopus 로고
    • Rhetoritherapy versus the medical model: Dealing with reticence
    • Phillips, G. M., 1977. Rhetoritherapy versus the medical model: Dealing with reticence. Communication Education, 26: 34–43.
    • (1977) Communication Education , vol.26 , pp. 34-43
    • Phillips, G.M.1
  • 21
    • 0011340652 scopus 로고
    • Reticence: A perspective on social withdrawal
    • Daly J.A., McCroskey J.C., (eds), Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications,. Edited by
    • Phillips, G. M., 1984. “ Reticence: A perspective on social withdrawal ”. In Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence andsommunication apprehension, Edited by: Daly, J. A., and McCroskey, J. C. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
    • (1984) Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence andsommunication apprehension
    • Phillips, G.M.1
  • 22
    • 84972990690 scopus 로고
    • Willingness to communicate and employee success in U.S. organizations
    • Richmond, V.P., and Roach, K.D., 1992. Willingness to communicate and employee success in U.S. organizations. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 20: 95–115.
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Communication Research , vol.20 , pp. 95-115
    • Richmond, V.P.1    Roach, K.D.2
  • 25
    • 0031159580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent gender differences in time alone and time devoted to conversation
    • Smith, T. E., 1997. Adolescent gender differences in time alone and time devoted to conversation. Adolescence, 32: 483–496.
    • (1997) Adolescence , vol.32 , pp. 483-496
    • Smith, T.E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.