Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes Among Children with Acute Flaccid Myelitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study in a California Health Network between 2011 and 2016

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Volumn 38, Issue 7, 2019, Pages 667-672

  Kane, Miranda S ^a   Sonne, Chris ^a,b   Zhu, Shiyun ^c   Malhotra, Amit ^a   van Haren, Keith ^d   Messacar, Kevin ^e   Glaser, Carol A ^a  

^a KAISER PERMANENTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c DIVISION OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^d STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e University of Colorado Denver and Children s Hospital Colorado   (United States)

Author keywords

AFM; incidence; Paralysis; risk factors

Indexed keywords

ACUTE FLACCID MYELITIS; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ASIAN; ASTHMA; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; CALIFORNIA; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONFOUNDING VARIABLE; DEMOGRAPHICS; ENTEROVIRUS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME; HEAD INJURY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFECTIOUS AGENT; LENGTH OF STAY; MALE; MYELITIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POLIOMYELITIS; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SCHOOL CHILD; SPINAL CORD INJURY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION; CLASSIFICATION; ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE; PATHOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD;

ADOLESCENT; CALIFORNIA; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VIRAL DISEASES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENTEROVIRUS; ENTEROVIRUS INFECTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MALE; MYELITIS; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 85068196527     PISSN: 08913668     EISSN: 15320987     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002276     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Messacar K, Schreiner TL, Maloney JA, et al. A cluster of acute flaccid paralysis and cranial nerve dysfunction temporally associated with an outbreak of enterovirus D68 in children in Colorado, USA. Lancet. 2015;385:1662-1671.
2. Messacar K, Schreiner TL, Van Haren K, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis: a clinical review of US cases 2012-2015. Ann Neurol. 2016;80:326-338.
3. Van Haren K, Ayscue P, Waubant E, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis of unknown etiology in California, 2012-2015. JAMA. 2015;314:2663-2671.
4. Messacar K, Asturias EJ, Hixon AM, et al. Personal view Enterovirus D68 and acute flaccid myelitis-evaluating the evidence for causality. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18:e239-e247.
5. Singh SP, Reddy DC, Rai M, et al. Serious underreporting of visceral leishmaniasis through passive case reporting in Bihar, India. Trop Med Int Health. 2006;11:899-905.
6. Chong PF, Kira R, Mori H, et al. Clinical features of acute flaccid myelitis temporally associated with an enterovirus D68 outbreak: results of a nationwide survey of acute flaccid paralysis in Japan, August-December 2015. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66:653-664.
7. Ayscue P, Van Haren K, Sheriff H, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Acute flaccid paralysis with anterior myelitis - California, June 2012-June 2014. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63:903-906.
8. Marx A, Glass JD, Sutter RW. Differential diagnosis of acute flaccid paralysis and its role in poliomyelitis surveillance. Epidemiol Rev. 2000;22: 298-316.
9. Mawdsley SE. Polio provocation: solving a mystery with the help of history. Lancet. 2014;384:300-301.
10. Koebnick C, Langer-Gould AM, Gould MK, et al. Sociodemographic characteristics of members of a large, integrated health care system: comparison with US Census Bureau data. Perm J. 2012;16:37-41.
11. Wong M, Schlaggar BL, Buller RS, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration in pediatric patients: defining clinically relevant reference values. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:827-831.
12. Zhang T, Duan Y, Ye J, et al. Brain MRI characteristics of patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and their associations with 2-year clinical outcome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018;39:824-829.
13. Miller L, Glaser C, Kambhampati A, et al. 2014: results of nationwide surveillance. 2017;63:737-745.
14. Knoester M, Helfferich J, Poelman R, et al; 2016 EV-D68 AFM Working Group. Twenty-nine cases of enterovirus-D68 associated acute flaccid myelitis in Europe 2016: a case series and epidemiologic overview. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019;38:16-21.
15. Noda S, Suárez-Fariñas M, Ungar B, et al. The Asian atopic dermatitis phenotype combines features of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis with increased TH17 polarization. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136:1254-1264.
16. Koelman DL, Benkeser DC, Xu Y, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in China, Singapore and Japan: a comparison with the USA. Eur J Neurol. 2017;24:391-396.
17. Pandit L, Asgari N, Apiwattanakul M, et al. Demographic and clinical features of neuromyelitis optica: a review. Mult Scler J. 2015;21:845-853.
18. Langer-Gould A, Zhang JL, Chung J, et al. Incidence of acquired CNS demyelinating syndromes in a multiethnic cohort of children. Neurology. 2011;77:1143-1148.
19. Sun S, Gao F, Hu Y, et al. A cross-sectional seroepidemiology study of EV-D68 in China. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2018;7:99.
20. Teoh HL, Mohammad SS, Britton PN, et al. Clinical characteristics and functional motor outcomes of enterovirus 71 neurological disease in children. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73:300-307.
21. Goldacre MJ. Risk of multiple sclerosis after head injury: record linkage study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;77:351-353.
22. Cohen HA, Ashkenasi A, Ring H, et al. Poliomyelitis-like syndrome following asthmatic attack (Hopkins' syndrome)-recovery associated with i.v. gamma globulin treatment. Infection. 1998;26:247-249.
23. Li K, Oh WJ, Park KY, et al. FLG mutations in the East Asian atopic dermatitis patients: genetic and clinical implication. Exp Dermatol. 2016;25: 816-818.
24. Martin JA, Messacar K, Yang ML, et al. Outcomes of Colorado children with acute flaccid myelitis at 1 year. Neurology. 2017;89:129-137.
25. Hu Y, Jiang L, Peng HL. Clinical analysis of 134 children with nervous system damage caused by enterovirus 71 infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34:718-723.
26. Nathanson N, Kew OM. From emergence to eradication: the epidemiology of poliomyelitis deconstructed. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172:1213-1229.
27. Peach ANNM, Rhodes AJ, Edin FRCP. Further investigation into the association between immunizing injections and paralytic poliomyelitis. 1953: 7-10.
28. Russell WR. Paralytic poliomyelitis: the early symptoms and the effect of physical activity on the course of the disease. Br Med J. 1949;1:465-471.
29. Battles HT. Differences in polio mortality by socioeconomic status in two southern Ontario counties, 1900-1937. Soc Sci Hist. 2017;41:305-332.
30. Montgomery S, Hiyoshi A, Burkill S, et al. Concussion in adolescence and risk of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2017;82:554-561.
31. Lunny CA, Fraser SN, Knopp-Sihota JA. Physical trauma and risk of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Neurol Sci. 2014;336:13-23.
32. Crider T, Eng D, Sarkar PR, et al. Microvascular and large vein abnormalities in young patients after mild head trauma and associated fatigue: a brain SPECT evaluation and posture dependence modeling. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018;170:159-164.
33. Granerod J, Davies NW, Mukonoweshuro W, et al; UK Public Health England Aetiology of Encephalitis Study Group. Neuroimaging in encephalitis: analysis of imaging findings and interobserver agreement. Clin Radiol. 2016;71:1050-1058.