A public health crisis: Electronic cigarettes, vape, and JUUL

Pediatrics

Volumn 143, Issue 6, 2019, Pages

  Walley, Susan C ^a   Wilson, Karen M ^b   Winickoff, Jonathan P ^c   Groner, Judith ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NICOTINE;

ACCIDENTAL INJURY; ADOLESCENT SMOKING; ADVERTISING; CIGARETTE SMOKING; HEALTH HAZARD; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; INTOXICATION; MARKETING; NONHUMAN; PEDIATRICIAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; PUBLIC POLICY; REVIEW; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SMOKING CESSATION; SMOKING REGULATION; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; VAPING; ADOLESCENT; ADVERSE EVENT; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE; TOBACCO;

ADOLESCENT; ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS; HUMANS; MARKETING; PUBLIC HEALTH; TOBACCO PRODUCTS; VAPING;

EID: 85067216002     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 10984275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-2741     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Walley SC, Jenssen BP; Section on Tobacco Control. Electronic nicotine delivery systems. Pediatrics. 2015; 136(5):1018-1026
2. US Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2016
3. Eaton DL, Kwan LY, Stratton K, eds; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2018
4. Wang TW, Gentzke A, Sharapova S, Cullen KA, Ambrose BK, Jamal A. Tobacco product use among middle and high school students - United States, 2011-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(22):629-633
5. American Academy of Pediatrics. Vaping: dangerous, available & addicting. Available at: https://www. healthychildren.org/English/agesstages/ teen/substance-abuse/Pages/Ecigarettes. aspx. Accessed April 12, 2019
6. Lisko JG, Tran H, Stanfill SB, Blount BC, Watson CH. Chemical composition and evaluation of nicotine, tobacco alkaloids, pH, and selected flavors in e-cigarette cartridges and refill solutions. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(10): 1270-1278
7. JUUL Labs. JUULpod basics. Available at: https://support.juul.com/home/learn/ faqs/juulpod-basics. Accessed August 28, 2018
8. Benowitz NL, Hukkanen J, Jacob P III. Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;(192):29-60
9. Armitage AK, Dollery CT, George CF, Houseman TH, Lewis PJ, Turner DM. Absorption and metabolism of nicotine from cigarettes. Br Med J. 1975;4(5992): 313-316
10. Lisko JG, Lee GE, Kimbrell JB, Rybak ME, Valentin-Blasini L, Watson CH. Caffeine concentrations in coffee, tea, chocolate, and energy drink flavored e-liquids. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;19(4):484-492
11. Fagan P, Pokhrel P, Herzog TA, et al; Addictive Carcinogens Workgroup. Sugar and aldehyde content in flavored electronic cigarette liquids. Nicotine Tob Res. 2018;20(8):985-992
12. Giroud C, de Cesare M, Berthet A, Varlet V, Concha-Lozano N, Favrat B. E-cigarettes: a review of new trends in cannabis use. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(8):9988-10008
13. Barshad A. The Juul is too cool. The New York Times. April 7, 2018. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/ 07/style/the-juul-is-too-cool.html. Accessed August 28, 2018
14. Herzog B. Tobacco Equity Research: Our Evening With Blu. San Francisco, CA: Wells Fargo Securities, LLC; 2018
15. Craver R. Juul expands e-cig market share gap with Reynolds' Vuse. Winston-Salem Journal. August 25, 2018. Available at: https://www. journalnow.com/business/juul-expandse- cig-market-share-gap-with-reynoldsvuse/ article_0bb4d442-fc0f-5c00-8b05- 29bbf95dc985.html. Accessed December 27, 2018
16. JUUL Labs. JUUL device kits. Available at: https://www.juul.com/shop/devices. Accessed August 28, 2018
17. JUUL Labs. JUULpods. Available at: https://www.juul.com/shop/pods. Accessed August 28, 2018
18. JUUL Labs. Mission and values. Available at: https://www.juul.com/ mission-values. Accessed April 22, 2019
19. Kaplan S, Richtel M. Juul closes deal with tobacco giant Altria. The New York Times. December 20, 2018. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/ health/juul-reaches-deal-with-tobaccogiant- altria.html. Accessed December 20, 2018
20. Farber HJ, Nelson KE, Groner JA, Walley SC; Section on Tobacco Control. Public policy to protect children from tobacco, nicotine, and tobacco smoke. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):998-1007
21. Henriksen L, Schleicher NC, Feighery EC, Fortmann SP. A longitudinal study of exposure to retail cigarette advertising and smoking initiation. Pediatrics. 2010; 126(2):232-238
22. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2012
23. Marynak K, Gentzke A, Wang TW, Neff L, King BA. Exposure to electronic cigarette advertising among middle and high school students - United States, 2014-2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(10):294-299
24. Hammig B, Daniel-Dobbs P, Blunt-Vinti H. Electronic cigarette initiation among minority youth in the United States. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2017;43(3): 306-310
25. Singh T, Agaku IT, Arrazola RA, et al. Exposure to advertisements and electronic cigarette use among US middle and high school students. Pediatrics. 2016;137(5):e20154155
26. Mantey DS, Cooper MR, Clendennen SL, Pasch KE, Perry CL. E-cigarette marketing exposure is associated with e-cigarette use among US youth. J Adolesc Health. 2016;58(6):686-690
27. Tanski S, Emond J, Stanton C, et al. Youth access to tobacco products in the United States: findings from wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [published online ahead of print November 8, 2018]. Nicotine Tob Res. doi:10.1093/ntr/nty238
28. Everett Jones S, Caraballo RS. Usual source of cigarettes and alcohol among US high school students. J Sch Health. 2014;84(8):493-501
29. Williams RS, Derrick J, Ribisl KM. Electronic cigarette sales to minors via the internet. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(3): e1563
30. Hsu G, Sun JY, Zhu SH. Evolution of electronic cigarette brands from 2013- 2014 to 2016-2017: analysis of brand websites. J Med Internet Res. 2018; 20(3):e80
31. Singh T, Kennedy S, Marynak K, Persoskie A, Melstrom P, King BA. Characteristics of electronic cigarette use among middle and high school students - United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(50-51): 1425-1429
32. Cullen KA, Ambrose BK, Gentzke AS, Apelberg BJ, Jamal A, King BA. Notes from the field: use of electronic cigarettes and any tobacco product among middle and high school students - United States, 2011-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018; 67(45):1276-1277
33. Schulenberg JE, Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Miech RA, Patrick ME. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2017: Volume II, College Students and Adults Ages 19-55. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan; 2018
34. Miech R, Johnston L, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Patrick ME. Adolescent vaping and nicotine use in 2017-2018 - U.S. national estimates. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(2):192-193
35. Anic GM, Sawdey MD, Jamal A, Trivers KF. Frequency of use among middle and high school student tobacco product users - United States, 2015-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(49): 1353-1357
36. Demissie Z, Everett Jones S, Clayton HB, King BA. Adolescent risk behaviors and use of electronic vapor products and cigarettes. Pediatrics. 2017;139(2): e20162921
37. Wang TW, Asman K, Gentzke AS, et al. Tobacco product use among adults - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(44):1225-1232
38. Phillips E, Wang TW, Husten CG, et al. Tobacco product use among adults - United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(44):1209-1215
39. Syamlal G, King BA, Mazurek JM. Tobacco use among working adults - United States, 2014-2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(42):1130-1135
40. Coleman BN, Rostron B, Johnson SE, et al. Electronic cigarette use among US adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013- 2014. Tob Control. 2017;26(e2): e117-e126
41. Goniewicz ML, Smith DM, Edwards KC, et al. Comparison of nicotine and toxicant exposure in users of electronic cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(8):e185937
42. McConnell R, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wang K, et al. Electronic cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(8):1043-1049
43. Schweitzer RJ, Wills TA, Tam E, Pagano I, Choi K. E-cigarette use and asthma in a multiethnic sample of adolescents. Prev Med. 2017;105:226-231
44. Choi K, Bernat D. E-cigarette use among Florida youth with and without asthma. Am J Prev Med. 2016;51(4):446-453
45. US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 1988
46. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. The Health Consequences of Smoking- 50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2014
47. Goniewicz ML, Boykan R, Messina CR, Eliscu A, Tolentino J. High exposure to nicotine among adolescents who use Juul and other vape pod systems ('pods') [published online ahead of print September 7, 2018]. Tob Control. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054565
48. Balfour DJ, Fagerström KO. Pharmacology of nicotine and its therapeutic use in smoking cessation and neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther. 1996;72(1):51-81
49. Siqueira LM; Committee on Substance Use and Prevention. Nicotine and tobacco as substances of abuse in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2017;139(1):e20163436
50. Soneji S, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wills TA, et al. Association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and metaanalysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(8): 788-797
51. Soneji S. Errors in data input in metaanalysis on association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults. JAMA Pediatr. 2018; 172(1):92-93
52. Watkins SL, Glantz SA, Chaffee BW. Association of noncigarette tobacco product use with future cigarette smoking among youth in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2015. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172(2):181-187
53. Chaffee BW, Watkins SL, Glantz SA. Electronic cigarette use and progression from experimentation to established smoking. Pediatrics. 2018; 141(4):e20173594
54. published correction appears in Pediatrics. 2018; 142(3):e20181885
55. McCabe SE, West BT, Veliz P, Boyd CJ. E-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, dual use, and problem behaviors among U.S. adolescents: results from a national survey. J Adolesc Health. 2017;61(2): 155-162
56. Kristjansson AL, Mann MJ, Sigfusdottir ID. Licit and illicit substance use by adolescent e-cigarette users compared with conventional cigarette smokers, dual users, and nonusers. J Adolesc Health. 2015;57(5):562-564
57. Silveira ML, Conway KP, Green VR, et al. Longitudinal associations between youth tobacco and substance use in waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;191:25-36
58. Amrock SM, Lee L, Weitzman M. Perceptions of e-cigarettes and noncigarette tobacco products among US youth. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5): e20154306
59. Gorukanti A, Delucchi K, Ling P, Fisher- Travis R, Halpern-Felsher B. Adolescents' attitudes towards e-cigarette ingredients, safety, addictive properties, social norms, and regulation. Prev Med. 2017;94:65-71
60. Krishnan-Sarin S, Morean M, Kong G, et al. E-cigarettes and "dripping" among high-school youth. Pediatrics. 2017; 139(3):e20163224
61. Logue JM, Sleiman M, Montesinos VN, et al. Emissions from electronic cigarettes: assessing vapers' intake of toxic compounds, secondhand exposures, and the associated health impacts. Environ Sci Technol. 2017; 51(16):9271-9279
62. Czogala J, Goniewicz ML, Fidelus B, Zielinska-Danch W, Travers MJ, Sobczak A. Secondhand exposure to vapors from electronic cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(6):655-662
63. Schober W, Szendrei K, Matzen W, et al. Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) impairs indoor air quality and increases FeNO levels of e-cigarette consumers. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014;217(6):628-637
64. Melstrom P, Koszowski B, Thanner MH, et al. Measuring PM2.5, ultrafine particles, nicotine air and wipe samples following the use of electronic cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;19(9): 1055-1061
65. Chen R, Aherrera A, Isichei C, et al. Assessment of indoor air quality at an electronic cigarette (vaping) convention. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2018;28(6):522-529
66. McGrath-Morrow SA, Hayashi M, Aherrera A, et al. The effects of electronic cigarette emissions on systemic cotinine levels, weight and postnatal lung growth in neonatal mice. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0118344
67. Govindarajan P, Spiller HA, Casavant MJ, Chounthirath T, Smith GA. E-cigarette and liquid nicotine exposures among young children. Pediatrics. 2018;141(5): e20173361
68. Glantz SA, Bareham DW. E-cigarettes: use, effects on smoking, risks, and policy implications. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018;39:215-235
69. Farber HJ, Walley SC, Groner JA, Nelson KE; Section on Tobacco Control. Clinical practice policy to protect children from tobacco, nicotine, and tobacco smoke. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):1008-1017
70. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Deeming tobacco products to be subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; restrictions on the sale and distribution of tobacco products and required warning statements for tobacco products. Final rule. Fed Regist. 2016;81(90):28973-29106
71. Preventing Tobacco Addiction Foundation. Tobacco twenty-one. 2018. Available at: https://tobacco21.org/ state-by-state/. Accessed August 28, 2018.