Changes in Child Nutrition in India: A Decomposition Approach

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Volumn 16, Issue 10, 2019, Pages

  Nie, Peng ^a   Rammohan, Anu ^b   Gwozdz, Wencke ^c,d   Sousa Poza, Alfonso ^e  

^a XI'AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^c JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^d Copenhagen Business School ^*  (Denmark)

^e UNIVERSITY OF HOHENHEIM   (Germany)

Author keywords

child undernutrition; decomposition; India

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOMETRY; CHILD HEALTH; CHILD NUTRITION; FEMALE; GROWTH DISORDER; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INDIA; INFANT; MALE; NEWBORN; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; UNDERWEIGHT;

ANTHROPOMETRY; CHILD HEALTH; CHILD NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; GROWTH DISORDERS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INDIA; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PREVALENCE; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; THINNESS;

EID: 85066843862     PISSN: 16617827     EISSN: 16604601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101815     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Barker, D.J. Fetal origins of coronary heart disease. BMJ 1995, 311, 171–174. [CrossRef]
2. Sánchez, A. The structural relationship between early nutrition, cognitive skills and non-cognitive skills in four developing countries. Econ. Hum. Biol. 2017, 27, 33–54. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. Strauss, J.; Thomas, D. Human resources: Empirical modeling of household and family decisions. In Handbook of Development Economics; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1995; Volume 3.
4. Pickett, K.E.; Wilkinson, R.G. Income inequality and health: A causal review. Soc. Sci. Med. 2015, 128, 316–326. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. Haddad, L.; Achadi, E.; Bendech, M.A.; Ahuja, A.; Bhatia, K.; Bhutta, Z.; Blössner, M.; Borghi, E.; Colecraft, E.; de Onis, M.; et al. The Global Nutrition Report 2014: Actions and accountability to accelerate the world’s progress on nutrition. J. Nutr. 2015, 145, 663–671. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. International Food Policy Research Institute. Global Nutrition Report 2016: From Promise to Impact: Ending Malnutrition By 2030; International Food Policy Research Institute: Washington, DC, USA, 2016.
7. Khan, J.; Mohanty, S.K. Spatial heterogeneity and correlates of child malnutrition in districts of India. BMC Public Health 2018, 18, 1027. [CrossRef]
8. Sunny, J.; Bheemeshwar, R.A.; Mayank, A. Child undernutrition in India: Assessment of prevalence, decline and disparities. Econ. Political Wkly. 2018, 53, 63–69.
9. Brennan, L.; McDonald, J.; Shlomowitz, R. Infant feeding practices and chronic child malnutrition in the Indian states of Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh. Econ. Hum. Biol. 2004, 2, 139–158. [CrossRef]
10. Glewwe, P. Why does mother’s schooling raise child health in developing countries? Evidence from Morocco. J. Hum. Resour. 1999, 34, 124–159. [CrossRef]
11. United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Report 2006: Beyond Scarcity: Power, Poverty and the Global Water Crisis; UNDP: New York, NY, USA, 2006.
12. Aurino, E. Do boys eat better than girls in India? Longitudinal evidence on dietary diversity and food consumption disparities among children and adolescents. Econ. Hum. Biol. 2017, 25, 99–111. [CrossRef]
13. Gragnolati, M.; Shekar, M.; Das Gupta, M.; Bredenkamp, C.; Lee, Y.K. India’s Undernourished Children: A Call for Reform and Action, Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper; The World Bank: Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
14. Humphries, D.L.; Dearden, K.A.; Crookston, B.T.; Woldehanna, T.; Penny, M.E.; Behrman, J.R. Household food group expenditure patterns are associated with child anthropometry at ages 5, 8 and 12 years in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam. Econ. Hum. Biol. 2017, 26, 30–41. [CrossRef]
15. Lokshin, M.; Das Gupta, M.; Gragnolati, M.; Ivaschenko, O. Improving child nutrition? The integrated child development services in India. Dev. Chang. 2005, 36, 613–640. [CrossRef]
16. Tarozzi, A.; Mahajan, A. Child nutrition in India in the nineties. Econ. Dev. Cult. Chang. 2007, 55, 441–486. [CrossRef]
17. Pathak, P.K.; Singh, A. Trends in malnutrition among children in India: Growing inequalities across different economic groups. Soc. Sci. Med. 2011, 73, 576–585. [CrossRef]
18. Coffey, D. Early life mortality and height in Indian states. Econ. Hum. Biol. 2015, 17, 177–189. [CrossRef]
19. Subramanyam, M.A.; Kawachi, I.; Berkman, L.F.; Subramanian, S.V. Socioeconomic inequalities in childhood undernutrition in India: Analyzing trends between 1992 and 2005. PLoS ONE 2010, 5, e11392. [CrossRef]
20. Carlson, G.J.; Kordas, K.; Murray-Kolb, L.E. Associations between women’s autonomy and child nutritional status: A review of the literature. Matern. Child Nutr. 2015, 11, 452–482. [CrossRef]
21. Cunningham, K.; Ruel, M.; Ferguson, E.; Uauy, R. Women’s empowerment and child nutritional status in South Asia: A synthesis of the literature. Matern. Child Nutr. 2015, 11, 1–19. [CrossRef]
22. Shroff, M.; Griffiths, P.; Adair, L.; Suchindran, C.; Bentley, M. Maternal autonomy is inversely related to child stunting in Andhra Pradesh, India. Matern. Child Nutr. 2009, 5, 64–74. [CrossRef]
23. Shroff, M.R.; Griffiths, P.L.; Suchindran, C.; Nagalla, B.; Vazir, S.; Bentley, M.E. Does maternal autonomy influence feeding practices and infant growth in rural India? Soc. Sci. Med. 2011, 73, 447–455. [CrossRef]
24. Imai, K.S.; Annim, S.K.; Kulkarni, V.S.; Gaiha, R. Women’s empowerment and prevalence of stunted and underweight children in rural India. World Dev. 2014, 62, 88–105. [CrossRef]
25. Arulampalam, W.; Bhaskar, A.; Srivastava, N. Does Greater Autonomy Among Women Provide the Key to Better Child Nutrition, IZA Discussion Paper No. 9781; IZA: Bonn, Germany, 2016.
26. Paul, V.K.; Sachdev, H.S.; Mavalankar, D.; Ramachandran, P.; Sankar, M.J.; Bhandari, N.; Sreenivas, V.; Sundararaman, T.; Govil, D.; Osrin, D.; et al. Reproductive health, and child health and nutrition in India: Meeting the challenge. Lancet 2011, 377, 332–349. [CrossRef]
27. Spears, D. Effects of Rural Sanitation on Infant Mortality and Human Capital: Evidence from India’s Total Sanitation Campaign; Princeton University: Washington, DC, USA, 2012.
28. Hammer, J.S.; Spears, D. Village sanitation and children’s human capital: Evidence from a randomized experiment by the Maharashtra government. In World Bank Policy Research Working Paper; The World Bank: Washington, DC, USA, 2013.
29. Spears, D. How much international variation in child height can sanitation explain. In World Bank Policy Research Working Paper; The World Bank: Washington, DC, USA, 2013.
30. Bhalotra, S.; Valente, C.; van Soest, A. The puzzle of Muslim advantage in child survival in India. J. Health Econ. 2010, 29, 191–204. [CrossRef]
31. Fairlie, R.W. An Extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Technique to Logit and Probit Models. IZA Discussion Paper No. 1917; IZA: Bonn, Germany, 2006.
32. Kumar, A.; Singh, A. Decomposing the gap in childhood undernutrition between poor and non-poor in urban India, 2005–2006. PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e64972. [CrossRef]
33. Chalasani, S. Understanding wealth-based inequalities in child health in India: A decomposition approach. Soc. Sci. Med. 2012, 75, 2160–2169. [CrossRef]
34. Kumar, A.; Kumari, D. Decomposing the rural-urban differentials in childhood malnutrition in India, 1992–2006. Asian Popul. Stud. 2014, 10, 144–162. [CrossRef]
35. Mazumdar, S. Determinants of inequality in child malnutrition in India. Asian Popul. Stud. 2010, 6, 307–333. [CrossRef]
36. Van de Poel, E.; Speybroeck, N. Decomposing malnutrition inequalities between Scheduled Castes and Tribes and the remaining Indian population. Ethn. Health 2009, 14, 271–287. [CrossRef]
37. Cavatorta, E.; Shankar, B.; Flores-Martinez, A. Explaining cross-state disparities in child nutrition in rural India. World Dev. 2015, 76, 216–237. [CrossRef]
38. Machado, J.A.F.; Mata, J. Counterfactual decomposition of changes in wage distributions using quantile regression. J. Appl. Econom. 2005, 20, 445–465. [CrossRef]
39. Fairlie, R.W. Addressing Path Dependence and Incorporating Sample Weights in the Nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca Technique for Logit, Probit and Other Nonlinear Models; University of California: Santa Cruz, CA, USA, 2016; pp. 1–23.
40. Desai, S.; Wu, L. Structured inequalities: Factors associated with spatial disparities in maternity care in India. Margin J. Appl. Econ. Res. 2010, 4, 293–319. [CrossRef]
41. India Human Development Survey. Available online: https://ihds.umd.edu/(accessed on 1 May 2019).
42. WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for-Length, Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for-Age: Methods and Development; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2006.
43. Waterlow, J.C.; Buzina, R.; Keller, W.; Lane, J.M.; Nichaman, M.Z.; Tanner, J.M. The presentation and use of height and weight data for comparing the nutritional status of groups of children under the age of 10 years. Bull. World Health Organ. 1977, 55, 489–498.
44. Deaton, A.; Dréze, J. Food and nutrition in India: Facts and interpretations. Econ. Political Wkly. 2009, 44, 42–65.
45. Nandy, S.; Irving, M.; Gordon, D.; Subramanian, S.V.; Smith, G.D. Poverty, child undernutrition and morbidity: New evidence from India. Bull. World Health Organ. 2005, 83, 210–216.
46. Nandy, S.; Svedberg, P. The Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF): An alternative indicator of malnutrition in young children. In Handbook of Anthropometry: Physical Measures of Human Form in Health and Disease; Preedy, V., Ed.; Springer: London, UK, 2012.
47. Sen, J.; Mondal, N. Socio-economic and demographic factors affecting the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Ann. Hum. Biol. 2012, 39, 129–136. [CrossRef]
48. Svedberg, P. Poverty and Undernutrition: Theory, Measurement and Policy; Oxford India Paperbacks: New Delhi, India, 2000.
49. Filmer, D.; Pritchett, L.H. Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data-or tears: An application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography 2001, 38, 115–132.
50. Agarwala, R.; Lynch, S.M. Refining the measurement of women’s autonomy: An international application of a multi-dimensional construct. Soc. Forces 2006, 84, 2077–2098. [CrossRef]
51. Jann, B. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition for linear regression models. Stata J. 2008, 8, 453–479. [CrossRef]
52. Firpo, S.; Fortin, N.M.; Lemieux, T. Unconditional quantile regressions. Econometrica 2009, 77, 953–973.
53. Jones, F.L. On decomposing the wage gap: A critical comment on Blinder’s method. J. Hum. Resour. 1983, 18, 126–130. [CrossRef]
54. Schwiebert, J. A detailed decomposition for nonlinear econometric models. J. Econ. Inequal. 2015, 13, 53–67. [CrossRef]
55. Fairlie, R.W. The absence of the African American owned business: An analysis of the dynamics of self-employment. J. Labor Econ. 1999, 17, 80–108. [CrossRef]
56. Raykar, N.; Majumder, M.; Laxminarayanan, R.; Menon, P. India Health Report: Nutrition 2015; Public Health Foundation of India: New Delhi, India, 2015.
57. Rajaram, R.; Perkins, J.M.; Joe, W.; Subramanian, S.V. Individual and community levels of maternal autonomy and child undernutrition in India. Int. J. Public Health 2017, 62, 327–335. [CrossRef]
58. The United Nations Children’s Fund. Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed. Progress Report 2013; UNICEF: New York, NY, USA, 2013.
59. Black, R.; Alderman, H.; Bhutta, Z.; Gillespie, S.; Haddad, L.; Horton, S. Executive summary of the Lancet Maternal and Child Nutrition Series. Lancet 2013, 382, 1–12.
60. Singh, A.; Masters, W.A. Impact of Caregiver Incentives on Child Health: Evidence from an Experiment with Anganwadi Workers in India, IZA Dicussion Paper No. 10083; IZA: Bonn, Germany, 2016.