Decomposing the Rural-Urban Differentials in Childhood Malnutrition in India, 1992-2006

Asian Population Studies

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 144-162

  Kumar, Abhishek ^a   Kumari, Divya ^a  

^a INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR POPULATION SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

decomposition; India; rural urban differentials; underweight; wealth index

Indexed keywords

DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS; HEALTH SURVEY; MALNUTRITION; RURAL AREA; RURAL-URBAN COMPARISON; URBAN AREA;

INDIA;

EID: 84900848016     PISSN: 17441730     EISSN: 17441749     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2014.902161     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Adair, L. S., & Guilkey, D. K. (1997). Age-specific determinants of stunting in Filipino children. Journal of Nutrition, 127(2), 314-320. Retrieved from http://jn.nutrition.org/content/127/2/314
2. Aslam, M., & Kingdon, G. (2010). Parental education and child health: Understanding the pathways of impact in Pakistan. Centre for the Study of African Economies Series Working Paper Series (Ref: CSAE WPS/2010-16).
3. Bhaskaram, P., Reddy, V., Raj, S., & Bhatnagar, R. C. (1984). Effect of measles on the nutritional status of preschool children. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, 21-25. PMid:6716538
4. Bitran, R., Giedion, U., Valenzuela, R., & Monkkonen, P. (2005). Keeping health in an urban environment: Public health challenges for the urban poor. In M. Fay (Ed.), The urban poor in Latin America (pp. 179-195). Washington, DC: World Bank.
5. Blinder, A. S. (1973). Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural estimates. The Journal of Human Resources, 8, 436-455. doi:10.2307/144855
6. Braun, J. V., Ruel, M., & Gulati, A. (2008). Accelerating progress toward reducing child malnutrition in India: A concept for action. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
7. Cai, L., & Chongsuvivatwong, V. (2006). Rural-urban differentials of premature mortality burden in south-west China. International Journal for Equity in Health, 5(13). doi:10.1186/1475-9276-5-1312
8. Dasgupta, M., Lokshin, M., Gragnolati, M., & Ivaschenko, O. (2005). Improving child nutrition outcomes in India: Can the integrated child development services program be more effective. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 3647, 1-25.
9. De Onis, M., Frongillo, E. A., & Blössner, M. (2000). Is malnutrition declining? An analysis of changes in levels of child malnutrition since 1980. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, 1222-1233. PMid:11100617
10. Deaton, A., & Dreze, J. (2009). Food and nutrition in India: Facts and interpretations. Economic & Political Weekly, 44(7), 42-65. Retrieved from http://www.princeton.edu/∼deaton/downloads/Food_and_Nutrition_in_India_Facts_and_Interpretations.pdf
11. Deolalikar, A. B. (2004). Attaining the millennium development goals in India. Washington DC: The World Bank, Human Development Unit, South Asia Region (Mimeo).
12. Dibley, M. J., Goldsby, J. B., Staehling, N. W., & Trowbridge, F. L. (1987). Development of normalized curves for the international growth reference: Historical and technical considerations. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 46, 736-748. Retrieved from http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/46/5/736.full.pdf + html
13. Dibley, M. J., Staehling, N. W., Neiburg, P., & Trowbridge, F. L. (1987). Interpretation of Z-score anthropometric indicators derived from the international growth reference. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 46, 749-762. Retrieved from http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/46/5/749.full.pdf + html
14. Economic Survey. (2001/2002). Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2001-02/chapt2002/chap102.pdf
15. Filmer, D., & Pritchett, H. (2001). Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data-or tears: An application to educational enrolments in states of India. Demography, 38(1), 115-132. doi:10.2307/3088292
16. Fotso, J. C. (2006). Child health inequalities in developing countries: Differences across urban and rural areas. International Journal for Equity in Health, 5(9). doi:10.1186/1475-9276-5-9
17. Fotso, J. C. (2007). Urban-rural differentials in child malnutrition: Trends and socioeconomic correlates in sub-Saharan Africa. Health & Place, 13, 205-223. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.01.004
18. Geruso, M. (2012). Black-white disparities in life-expectancy: How much can the standard SES variables explain? Demography, 49, 553-574. doi:10.1007/s13524-011-0089-1
19. Gopalan, S. (2000). Malnutrition: Causes, consequences, and solutions. Nutrition, 16, 556-558. doi:10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00315-4
20. Grantham-McGregor, S. (1995). A review of studies on the effects of severe malnutrition on mental development. Journal of Nutrition, 125, 2233-2238.
21. Gragnolati, M., Shekar, M., Dasgupta, M., Bredenkamp, C., & Lee, Y.-K. (2005). India's undernourished children: A call for reform and action. Health Nutrition, and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers. Washington, DC: World Bank.
22. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) & Macro International. (1995). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-1), 1992-93: India. (Volume- I). Mumbai: IIPS.
23. IIPS & Macro International. (2000). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), 1998-99: India. (Volume- I). Mumbai: IIPS.
24. IIPS & Macro International. (2007). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005-06: India. (Volume- I). Mumbai: IIPS.
25. Jann, B. (2008). The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition for linear regression models. The Stata Journals, 8, 453-479.
26. Joe, W., Mishra, U. S., & Navaneetham, K. (2009). Inequalities in childhood malnutrition in India: Some evidence on group disparities. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities: A Multi-Disciplinary Journal for People-Centred Development, 10, 417-439. doi:10.1080/19452820903048886
27. Kanjilal, B., Mazumdar, P. G., Mukherjee, M. &Rahman, M. H. (2010). Nutritional status of children in India: Household socio-economic condition as the contextual determinant. International Journal for Equity in Health, 9(19). doi:10.1186/1475-9276-9-19
28. Kuate-Defo, B. (1996). Areal and socioeconomic differentials in infant and child mortality in Cameroon', Social Science & Medicine, 42, 399-420. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(95)00107-7
29. Kumar, A.Kumar, K., & Kumari D. (2012). Consequences of teenage childbearing on maternal and child health in India. Population Review, 51, 69-84.
30. Kumar, A., & Mohanty, S. K. (2011). State of child health among poor and non-poor in urban India. GENUS, 67, 1-19.
31. Kumar, A., & Ram, F. (2012). Influence of family structure on child health: Evidence from India. Journal of Biosocial Science, 45, 577-599. doi:10.1017/S0021932012000764
32. Lalou, R., & Legrand, T. K. (1997). Child mortality in the urban and rural Sahel. Population: An English Selection, 9, 147-168.
33. Lalou, R., & Mbacke, C. (1992). The micro consequences of high fertility on child malnutrition in Mali. In C. Lloyd (Ed.), Fertility, family size and structure (pp. 193-223). New York: Population Council.
34. Madise, N. J., Matthews, Z., & Margetts, B. (1999). Heterogeneity of child nutritional status between households: A comparison of six sub-Saharan African countries. Population Studies, 53, 331-343. doi:10.1080/00324720308092
35. Miller, J. E., & Rodgers, Y. V. (2009). Mother's education and children's nutritional status: New evidence from Cambodia. Asian Development Review, 26, 131-165. Retrieved from http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2009/ADR-Vol26-1.pdf
36. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW). (2005). National Rural Health Mission (2005-12). New Delhi: Author.
37. Montgomery, M. R., Grangnolati, M., Burke, M. K. A., & Paredes, E. (2000). Measuring living standards with proxy variables. Demography, 37, 155-174. doi:10.2307/2648118
38. National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). (2010). National Urban Health Mission Draft. Urban Health Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi. Retrieved June 23, 2012, from http://mohfw.nic.in/NRHM/Documents/Urban_Health/UH_Framework_Final.pdf
39. O'Donnell, O., van Doorslaer, E., Wagstaff, A., & Lindelow, M. (2008). Analysing health equity using household survey data: A guide to techniques and their implementation, World Bank Institute Learning Resource Series. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
40. Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International Economic Review, 14, 693-709. doi:10.2307/2525981
41. Pathak, P. K., & Singh, A. (2011). Trends in malnutrition among children in India: Growing inequalities across different economic groups. Social Science & Medicine, 73, 576-585. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.024
42. Planning Commission. (2007). Poverty Estimates for 2004-05, Government of India. New Delhi. Retrieved September 2, 2013, from http://planningcommission.nic.in/news/prmar07.pdf
43. Ram, F., & Roy, T. K. (2004). Comparability issues in large sample surveys-some observations. In T. K. Roy, M. Guruswamy, & P. Arokiaswamy (Eds.), Population, health and development in India: Changing Perspectives (pp. 40-56). Mumbai, New Delhi: Rawat.
44. Ricci, J. A., & Becker, S. (1996). Risk factors for wasting and stunting among children in Metro Cebu, Philippines. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63, 966-975.
45. Rutstein, S. O. (2008). The DHS wealth index: Approaches to rural and urban areas. DHS Working Paper, No. 60. Calverton, MD: Macro International.
46. Sahn, D. E., & Stifel D. C. (2003). Urban-rural inequalities in living standards in Africa. Journal of African Economies, 12, 564-597. doi:10.1093/jae/12.4.564
47. Sastry, N. (1997). What explains rural-urban differentials in child mortality in Brazil? Social Science & Medicine, 44, 989-1002. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00224-9
48. Sereebutra, P., Solomon, N., Aliyu, M. H., & Jolly, P. E. (2006). Socio-economic and environmental predictors of childhood stunting in rural Guatemala. Nutrition Research, 26, 65-70. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2006.02.002
49. Shetty, P. (2011). Health care for urban poor falls through the gap. Lancet, 377, 627-628. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60215-8
50. Smith, L. C., Ruel M. T., & Ndiaye A. (2005). Why is child malnutrition lower in urban than rural areas? Evidence from 36 developing countries. World Development, 33, 1285-1305. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.03.002
51. Stanley, T. D., & Jarrell, S. B. (1998). Gender wage discrimination bias? A meta- regression analysis. The Journal of Human Resources, 33, 947-973. doi:10.2307/146404
52. Subramanyam, M. A., Kawachi, I., Berkman, L. F., & Subramanian, S. V. (2010). Socioeconomic inequalities in childhood undernutrition in India: Analyzing trends between 1992 and 2005. PLOS ONE, 5, e11392. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011392
53. Tarozzi, A., & Mahajan, A. (2007). Child nutrition in India in the nineties. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 55, 441-486. doi:10.1086/511195
54. Tharakan, C. T., & Suchindran, C. M. (1999). Determinants of child malnutrition-an intervention model for Botswana. Nutrition Research, 19, 843-860. doi:10.1016/S0271-5317(99)00045-7
55. Van de Poel, E., O'Donnell O., & Van Doorslaer, E. (2007). Are urban children really healthier? Evidence from 47 developing countries. Social Science & Medicine, 65, 1986-2003. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.06.032
56. Van de Poel, E., & Speybroeck, N. (2009). Decomposing malnutrition inequalities between Scheduled Castes and Tribes and the remaining Indian population. Ethnicity & Health, 14, 271-287. doi:10.1080/13557850802609931
57. Van de Walle, D., & Gunewardena, D. (2001). Sources of ethnic inequality in Vietnam. Journal of Development Economics, 65, 177-207. doi:10.1016/S0304-3878(01)00133-X
58. Wagstaff, A., Van Doorslaer, E., & Watanabe, N. (2003). On decomposing the causes of health sector inequalities with an application to malnutrition inequalities in Vietnam. Journal of Econometrics, 112, 207-223. doi:10.1016/S0304-4076(02)00161-6
59. Wang, L. (2003). Determinants of child mortality in LDCs: Empirical findings from demographic and health surveys. Health Policy, 65, 277-299. doi:10.1016/S0168-8510(03)00039-3
60. Weichselbaumer, D., & Winter-Ebmer, R. (2005). A meta-analysis of the international gender wage gap. Journal of Economic Surveys, 19, 479-511. doi:10.1111/j.0950-0804.2005.00256.x
61. World Bank. (2004). Attaining the Millennium Development Goals in India: How likely and what will it take to reduce infant mortality, child malnutrition, gender disparities and hunger-poverty and to increase school enrolment and completion (Report No. 30266-IN). Washington, DC: Human Development Unit, South Asia Region, The World Bank.
62. World Health Organization (WHO) Working Group. (1986). The use and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 64, 929-941.
63. World Health Organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. (2006). WHO child growth standards: Length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for age: Methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization.