The Changing Characteristics of African-American Adolescent Suicides, 2001–2017

Journal of Community Health

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2019, Pages 756-763

  Price, James H ^a   Khubchandani, Jagdish ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO   (United States)

^b BALL STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

African American; Firearms; Injury; Suicide; Violence

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; MALE; SUICIDE; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; RISK-TAKING; SUICIDE; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85066086437     PISSN: 00945145     EISSN: 15733610     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10900-019-00678-x     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Bridge, J. A., Horowitz, L. M., Fontanella, C. A., Sheftall, A. H., Greenhouse, J., Kelleher, K. J., et al. (2018). Age-related racial disparity in suicide rates among US youths from 2001 through 2015. JAMA Pediatrics, 172(7), 697–699.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1998). Suicide among black youths–United States, 1980–1995. MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 47(10), 193–196.
3. Joe, S., Baser, R. S., Neighbors, H. W., Caldwell, C. H., & Jackson, J. S. (2009). 12-Month and lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts among black adolescents in the National Survey of American Life. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(3), 271–282.
4. Bridge, J. A., Asti, L., Horowitz, L. M., Greenhouse, J. B., Fontanella, C. A., Sheftall, A. H., et al. (2015). Suicide trends among elementary school–aged children in the United States from 1993 to 2012. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(7), 673–677.
5. Sheftall, A. H., Asti, L., Horowitz, L. M., Felts, A., Fontanella, C. A., Campo, J. V., et al. (2016). Suicide in elementary school-aged children and early adolescents. Pediatrics, 138, e20160436. 10.1542/peds.2016-0436.
6. Joe, S., & Kaplan, M. S. (2001). Suicide among African American men. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31, 106–121.
7. Price, J. H., & Khubchandani, J. (2017). Adolescent homicides, suicides, and the role of firearms: A narrative review. American Journal of Health Education, 48(2), 67–79.
8. Riddell, C. A., Harper, S., Cerdá, M., & Kaufman, J. S. (2018). Comparison of rates of firearm and nonfirearm homicide and suicide in black and white non-hispanic men, by US state. Annals of Internal Medicine, 168(10), 712–720.
9. Gee, G. C., Hing, A., Mohammed, S., Tabor, D. C., & Williams, D. R. (2019). Racism and the life course: Taking time seriously. American Journal of Public Health, 109(S1), S43–S47.
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Fatal and non-fatal injury data. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). Retrieved February 28, 2019, from www.cdc.gov.
11. Grunbaum, J. A., Kann, L., Kinchen, S. A., Williams, B., Ross, J. G., Lowry, R., et al. (2002). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2001. Journal of School Health, 72(8), 313–328.
12. Grunbaum, J. A., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., Lowry, R., et al. (2004). Youth risk behavior surveillance–United States, 2003. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, DC: 2002), 53(2), 1–96.
13. Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., Harris, W. A., et al. (2006). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2005. Journal of School Health, 76(7), 353–372.
14. Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., et al. (2008). Youth risk behavior surveillance–United States, 2007. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, DC: 2002), 57(4), 1–131.
15. Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., et al. (2010). Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 2009. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 59(5), 1–142.
16. Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S., Flint, K. H., Hawkins, J., et al. (2012). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, 61(4), 1–162.
17. Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Hawkins, J., Harris, W. A., et al. (2014). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2013. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, 63(4), 1–168.
18. Kann, L., McManus, T., Harris, W. A., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Hawkins, J., et al. (2016). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance-United States, 2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, DC: 2002), 65(6), 1.
19. Kann, L., McManus, T., Harris, W. A., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Queen, B., et al. (2018). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2017. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 67(8), 1.
20. Khubchandani, J., & Price, J. H. (2018). Violent behaviors, weapon carrying, and firearm homicide trends in African American adolescents, 2001–2015. Journal of Community Health, 43(5), 947–955.
21. Brener, N. D., Kann, L., Kinchen, S. A., Grunbaum, J. A., Whalen, L., Eaton, D. K., et al. (2004). Methodology of the youth risk behavior surveillance system. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations and reports/Centers for Disease Control, 53(RR-12), 1–13.
22. Khubchandani, J., & Price, J. H. (2018). Violence related behaviors and weapon carrying among Hispanic adolescents: Results from the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2001–2015. Journal of Community Health, 43(2), 391–399.
23. Goldsmith, S. K., Pellmar, T. C., Kleinman, A. M., & Bunney, W. E. (2002). Reducing suicide: A national imperative. Washinfton, DC: National Academies Press.
24. Joe, S., Baser, R. E., Breeden, G., Neighbors, H. W., & Jackson, J. S. (2006). Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts among Blacks in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 296(17), 2112.
25. Shenassa, E. D., Catlin, S. N., & Buka, S. L. (2003). Lethality of firearms relative to other suicide methods: A population based study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57(2), 120–124.
26. Miller, M., Azrael, D., & Hemenway, D. (2004). The epidemiology of case fatality rates for suicide in the northeast. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 43(6), 723–730.
27. Parker, K., Horowitz, J., Igielnik, R., Oliphant, B., & Brown, A. (2017). America’s complex relationship with guns: An in-depth look at the attitudes and experiences of US adults. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
28. Prickett, K. C., Gutierrez, C., & Deb, S. (2019). Family firearm ownership and firearm-related mortality among young children: 1976–2016. Pediatrics, 143(2), e20181171.
29. Miller, M., Lippmann, S. J., Azrael, D., & Hemenway, D. (2007). Household firearm ownership and rates of suicide across the 50 United States. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 62(4), 1029–1035.
30. Miller, M., Azrael, D., Hepburn, L., Hemenway, D., & Lippmann, S. J. (2006). The association between changes in household firearm ownership and rates of suicide in the United States, 1981–2002. Injury Prevention, 12(3), 178–182.
31. Webster, D. W., Vernick, J. S., Zeoli, A. M., & Manganello, J. A. (2004). Association between youth-focused firearm laws and youth suicides. Journal of the American Medical Association, 292(5), 594–601.
32. Johnson, R. M., Barber, C., Azrael, D., Clark, D. E., & Hemenway, D. (2010). Who are the owners of firearms used in adolescent suicides? Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 40(6), 609–611.
33. Conner, A., Azrael, D., & Miller, M. (2018). Public opinion about the relationship between firearm availability and suicide: Results from a national survey. Annals of Internal Medicine, 168(2), 153–155.
34. Choi, N. G., DiNitto, D. M., & Marti, C. N. (2017). Youth firearm suicide: Precipitating/risk factors and gun access. Children and Youth Services Review, 83, 9–16.
35. Fowler, K. A., Dahlberg, L. L., Haileyesus, T., Gutierrez, C., & Bacon, S. (2017). Childhood firearm injuries in the United States. Pediatrics, 140(1), e20163486.
36. Ambrose, A. J. H., & Prager, L. M. (2018). Suicide evaluation in the pediatric emergency setting. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 27(3), 387–397.
37. Shain, B. (2016). Suicide and suicide attempts in adolescents. Pediatrics, 138(1), e20161420.
38. Bridge, J. A., Goldstein, T. R., & Brent, D. A. (2006). Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3–4), 372–394.
39. Chu, J. P., Goldblum, P., Floyd, R., & Bongar, B. (2010). The cultural theory and model of suicide. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 14(1–4), 25–40.
40. Compton, M., Thompson, N., & Kaslow, N. (2005). Social environment factors associated with suicide attempt among low-income African Americans: The protective role of family relationships and social support. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40(3), 175–185.
41. Day-Vines, N. L. (2007). The escalating incidence of suicide among African Americans: Implications for counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 85(3), 370–377.
42. Gassman-Pines, A., Ananat, E. O., & Gibson-Davis, C. M. (2014). Effects of statewide job losses on adolescent suicide-related behaviors. American Journal of Public Health, 104(10), 1964–1970.
43. Griffin-Fennell, F., & Williams, M. (2006). Examining the complexities of suicidal behavior in the African American community. Journal of Black Psychology, 32(3), 303–319.
44. Merchant, C., Kramer, A., Joe, S., Venkataraman, S., & King, C. A. (2009). Predictors of multiple suicide attempts among suicidal Black adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39(2), 115–124.
45. Molock, S. D., Puri, R., Matlin, S., & Barksdale, C. (2006). Relationship between religious coping and suicidal behaviors among African American adolescents. Journal of Black Psychology, 32(3), 366–389.
46. Price, J. H., Dake, J. A., & Kucharewski, R. (2001). Assets as predictors of suicide attempts in African American inner-city youths. American Journal of Health Behavior, 25(4), 367–375.
47. Willis, L. A., Coombs, D. W., Drentea, P., & Cockerham, W. C. (2003). Uncovering the mystery: Factors of African American suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 33(4), 412–429.
48. Belsher, B. E., Smolenski, D. J., Pruitt, L. D., Bush, N. E., Beech, E. H., Workman, D. E., et al. (2019). Prediction models for suicide attempts and deaths: A systematic review and simulation. JAMA Psychiatry. 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0174.
49. Naureckas, S. M., Galanter, C., Naureckas, E. T., Donovan, M., & Christoffel, K. K. (1995). Children’s and women’s ability to fire handguns. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 149(12), 1318–1322.
50. Telljohann, S. K., & Price, J. H. (1994). A preliminary investigation of inner city primary grade students’ perceptions of guns. Journal of Health Education, 25(1), 41–46.
51. Morrall, A. (2018). The science of gun policy: A critical synthesis of research evidence on the effects of gun policies in the United States. Rand Health Quarterly, 8(1), 5.
52. Sheats, K. J., Irving, S. M., Mercy, J. A., Simon, T. R., Crosby, A. E., Ford, D. C., et al. (2018). Violence-related disparities experienced by Black youth and young adults: Opportunities for prevention. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 55(4), 462–469.
53. Barnes, D. M., & Bates, L. M. (2017). Do racial patterns in psychological distress shed light on the Black-White depression paradox? A systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52(8), 913–928.
54. Ghandour, R. M., Sherman, L. J., Vladutiu, C. J., Ali, M. M., Lynch, S. E., Bitsko, R. H., et al. (2019). Prevalence and treatment of depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in US children. Journal of Pediatrics, 206, 256–267.
55. Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., Swendsen, J., Avenevoli, S., Case, B., et al. (2011). Service utilization for lifetime mental disorders in US adolescents: results of the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(1), 32–45.
56. Cummings, J. R., Ji, X., Lally, C., & Druss, B. G. (2019). Racial and ethnic differences in minimally adequate depression care among Medicaid-enrolled youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(1), 128–138.
57. Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., et al. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 980–989.
58. Costello, E. J., He, J. P., Sampson, N. A., Kessler, R. C., & Merikangas, K. R. (2014). Services for adolescents with psychiatric disorders: 12-Month data from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent. Psychiatric Services, 65(3), 359–366.
59. Gould, M. S., Greenberg, T. E. D., Velting, D. M., & Shaffer, D. (2003). Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: a review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(4), 386–405.
60. Miller, D. N., Eckert, T. L., & Mazza, J. J. (2009). Suicide prevention programs in the schools: A review and public health perspective. In Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-assessed Reviews [Internet]. Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (UK).
61. Cusimano, M. D., & Sameem, M. (2011). The effectiveness of middle and high school-based suicide prevention programmes for adolescents: A systematic review. Injury Prevention, 17(1), 43–49.
62. Katz, C., Bolton, S. L., Katz, L. Y., Isaak, C., Tilston-Jones, T., Sareen, J., et al. (2013). A systematic review of school-based suicide prevention programs. Depression and Anxiety, 30(10), 1030–1045.
63. Klimes-Dougan, B., Klingbeil, D. A., & Meller, S. J. (2013). The impact of universal suicide-prevention programs on the help-seeking attitudes and behaviors of youths. Crisis, 34(2), 82.
64. Robinson, J., Cox, G., Malone, A., Williamson, M., Baldwin, G., Fletcher, K., et al. (2013). A systematic review of school-based interventions aimed at preventing, treating, and responding to suicide-related behavior in young people. Crisis, 34(3), 164.
65. Joshi, S. V., Hartley, S. N., Kessler, M., & Barstead, M. (2015). School-based suicide prevention: Content, process, and the role of trusted adults and peers. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 24(2), 353–370.
66. Cooper, G. D., Clements, P. T., & Holt, K. (2011). A review and application of suicide prevention programs in high school settings. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 32(11), 696–702.
67. Stone, D. M., Holland, K. M., Bartholow, B., Crosby, A. E., Davis, S., & Wilkins, N. (2017). Preventing suicide: A technical package of policies, programs, and practices. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control Prevention.
68. King, C. A., Arango, A., & Foster, C. E. (2018). Emerging trends in adolescent suicide prevention research. Current Opinion in Psychology, 22, 89–94.