Comparison of rates of firearm and nonfirearm homicide and suicide in black and white non-Hispanic men, by u.S. State

Annals of Internal Medicine

Volumn 168, Issue 10, 2018, Pages 712-720

  Riddell, Corinne A ^a   Harper, Sam ^a   Cerda, Magdalena ^b   Kaufman, Jay S ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BLACK PERSON; CAUSE OF DEATH; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FIREARM; HOMICIDE; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; MALE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUICIDE; UNITED STATES; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGED; CAUCASIAN; ETHNOLOGY; GUNSHOT INJURY; HEALTH SURVEY; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; AGED; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FIREARMS; HOMICIDE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OWNERSHIP; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; SUICIDE; UNITED STATES; WOUNDS, GUNSHOT;

EID: 85047365440     PISSN: 00034819     EISSN: 15393704     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7326/M17-2976     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About underlying cause of death, 1999-2016. December 2017. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html on 17 January 2018.
2. Williams DR, Jackson PB. Social sources of racial disparities in health. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005;24:325-34. [PMID: 15757915]
3. Miller M, Azreal D, Hemenway D. Firearms and violent death in the United States. In: Webster DW, Vernick JS, eds. Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr; 2013:14-5.
4. Miller M, Azrael D, Hemenway D. Rates of household firearm ownership and homicide across US regions and states, 1988-1997. Am J Public Health. 2002;92:1988-93. [PMID: 12453821]
5. Miller M, Hemenway D, Azrael D. State-level homicide victimization rates in the US in relation to survey measures of household firearm ownership, 2001-2003. Soc Sci Med. 2007;64:656-64. [PMID: 17070975]
6. Siegel M, Ross CS, King C 3rd. The relationship between gun ownership and firearm homicide rates in the United States, 1981-2010. Am J Public Health. 2013;103:2098-105. [PMID: 24028252] doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301409
7. Miller M, Barber C, White RA, Azrael D. Firearms and suicide in the United States: is risk independent of underlying suicidal behavior? Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178:946-55. [PMID: 23975641] doi:10.1093/ aje/kwt197
8. Miller M, Lippmann SJ, Azrael D, Hemenway D. Household firearm ownership and rates of suicide across the 50 United States. J Trauma. 2007;62:1029-34. [PMID: 17426563]
9. Kellermann AL, Rivara FP, Rushforth NB, Banton JG, Reay DT, Francisco JT, et al. Gun ownership as a risk factor for homicide in the home. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1084-91. [PMID: 8371731]
10. Kellermann AL, Rivara FP, Somes G, Reay DT, Francisco J, Banton JG, et al. Suicide in the home in relation to gun ownership. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:467-72. [PMID: 1308093]
11. Kubrin CE, Wadsworth T. Explaining suicide among blacks and whites: how socioeconomic factors and gun availability affect race-specific suicide rates. Soc Sci Q. 2009;90:1203-27.
12. Loeber R, Farrington DP. Young male homicide offenders and victims: current knowledge, beliefs, and key questions. In: Young Homicide Offenders and Victims. New York: Springer; 2011:1-17.
13. Gibbs JT. African-American suicide: a cultural paradox. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 1997;27:68-79.
14. Monuteaux MC, Lee LK, Hemenway D, Mannix R, Fleegler EW. Firearm ownership and violent crime in the U.S.: an ecologic study. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49:207-14. [PMID: 26091930] doi:10.1016/j .amepre.2015.02.008
15. R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2014. Accessed at www.R-project.org on 17 January 2018.
16. Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans. Ottawa: Interagency Secretariat on Research Ethics; December 2014.
17. Branas CC, Nance ML, Elliott MR, Richmond TS, Schwab CW. Urban-rural shifts in intentional firearm death: different causes, same results. Am J Public Health. 2004;94:1750-5. [PMID: 15451745]
18. Cubbin C, Pickle LW, Fingerhut L. Social context and geographic patterns of homicide among US black and white males. Am J Public Health. 2000;90:579-87. [PMID: 10754973]
19. Hirsch JK. A review of the literature on rural suicide: risk and protective factors, incidence, and prevention. Crisis. 2006;27:189-99. [PMID: 17219751]
20. Wilson WJ. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: Univ Chicago Pr; 1987.
21. Massey D. Problem of the Century. New York: Russell Sage; 2001:314-44.
22. Ousey GC, Kubrin CE. Exploring the connection between immigration and violent crime rates in US cities, 1980–2000. Soc Probl. 2009;56:447-73.
23. Shihadeh ES, Flynn N. Segregation and crime: the effect of black social isolation on the rates of black urban violence. Soc Forces. 1996;74:1325-52.
24. Peterson RD, Krivo LJ. Racial segregation and black urban homicide. Soc Forces. 1993;71:1001-26.
25. Blumstein A. Youth violence, guns, and the illicit-drug industry. J Crim Law Criminol. 1995;86:10-36.
26. Fryer RG, Heaton PS, Levitt SD, Murphy KM. Measuring crack cocaine and its impact. Econ Inq. 2013;51:1651-81.
27. Fleegler EW, Lee LK, Monuteaux MC, Hemenway D, Mannix R. Firearm legislation and firearm-related fatalities in the United States. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:732-40. [PMID: 23467753] doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1286
28. Crifasi CK, Meyers JS, Vernick JS, Webster DW. Effects of changes in permit-to-purchase handgun laws in Connecticut and Missouri on suicide rates. Prev Med. 2015;79:43-9. [PMID: 26212633] doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.07.013
29. Rudolph KE, Stuart EA, Vernick JS, Webster DW. Association between Connecticut's permit-to-purchase handgun law and homicides. Am J Public Health. 2015;105:e49-54. [PMID: 26066959] doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302703
30. Spicer RS, Miller TR. Suicide acts in 8 states: incidence and case fatality rates by demographics and method. Am J Public Health. 2000;90:1885-91. [PMID: 11111261]
31. Miller M, Azrael D, Hemenway D. The epidemiology of case fatality rates for suicide in the northeast. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;43: 723-30. [PMID: 15159703]
32. Siegel M, Pahn M, Xuan Z, Ross CS, Galea S, Kalesan B, et al. Firearm-related laws in all 50 US states, 1991-2016. Am J Public Health. 2017;107:1122-9. [PMID: 28520491] doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017 .303701
33. Moscicki EK. Identification of suicide risk factors using epidemi-ologic studies. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1997;20:499-517. [PMID: 9323310]
34. Mos´cicki EK. Epidemiology of completed and attempted suicide: toward a framework for prevention. Clin Neurosci Res. 2001;1:310-23.
35. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Alcohol and suicide among racial/ethnic populations—17 states, 2005-2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58:637-41. [PMID: 19543198]
36. Wintemute GJ. The epidemiology of firearm violence in the twenty-first century United States. Annu Rev Public Health. 2015;36: 5-19. [PMID: 25533263] doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914 -122535
37. Logan JE, Hall J, McDaniel D, Stevens MR; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Homicides—United States, 2007 and 2009. MMWR Suppl. 2013;62:164-70. [PMID: 24264509]
38. Rossen LM, Bastian B, Warner M, Khan D, Chong Y. Drug poisoning mortality: United States, 1999–2016. National Center for Health Statistics. 2017. Accessed at www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization/drug-poisoning-mortality on 15 January 2018.
39. Cook PJ, Rivera-Aguirre AE, Cerdá M, Wintemute G. Constant lethality of gunshot injuries from firearm assault: United States, 2003-2012. Am J Public Health. 2017;107:1324-8. [PMID: 28640677] doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303837
40. Arias E, Schauman WS, Eschbach K, Sorlie PD, Backlund E. The validity of race and Hispanic origin reporting on death certificates in the United States. Vital Health Stat 2. 2008:1-23. [PMID: 19024798]