Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fluoxetine as an antiviral for acute flaccid myelitis

Neurology

Volumn 92, Issue 18, 2019, Pages E2118-E2126

  Messacar, Kevin ^a,b,c   Sillau, Stefan ^b   Hopkins, Sarah E ^d   Otten, Catherine ^e   Wilson Murphy, Molly ^f   Wong, Brian ^g   Santoro, Jonathan D ^h   Treister, Andrew ⁱ   Bains, Harlori K ^j   Torres, Alcy ^k   Zabrocki, Luke ^l   Glanternik, Julia R ^m   Hurst, Amanda L ^c   Martin, Jan A ^a,b,c   Schreiner, Teri ^a,b,c   Makhani, Naila ^m   DeBiasi, Roberta L ⁿ   Kruer, Michael C ^j   Tremoulet, Adriana H ⁱ   Van Haren, Keith ^h   Desai, Jay ^g   Benson, Leslie A ^f   Gorman, Mark P ^f   Abzug, Mark J ^a,c   Tyler, Kenneth L ^b   Dominguez, Samuel R ^a,c   more..

^a University of Colorado Denver and Children s Hospital Colorado   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c CHILDREN S HOSPITAL COLORADO   (United States)

^d CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^f BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^g CHILDREN S HOSPITAL LOS ANGELES   (United States)

^h STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^j PHOENIX CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^k BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^l NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER SAN DIEGO   (United States)

^m YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

ⁿ CHILDREN'S NATIONAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; FLUOXETINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; ACUTE FLACCID MYELITIS; ANTIVIRUS AGENT;

ACUTE FLACCID MYELITIS; ADVERSE EVENT; ALLERGIC REACTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ENTEROVIRUS D68; FEMALE; FLACCID PARALYSIS; FOLLOW UP; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MYELITIS; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PLASMAPHERESIS; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPENSITY SCORE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCORING SYSTEM; SUMMATIVE LIMB STRENGTH SCORE; UNITED STATES; VIRUS IDENTIFICATION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; MULTICENTER STUDY; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VIRAL DISEASES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; FLUOXETINE; HUMANS; MALE; MYELITIS; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 85061068865     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: 1526632X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006670     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Messacar K, Schreiner TL, Maloney JA, et al. A cluster of acute flaccid paralysis and cranial nerve dysfunction temporally associated with an outbreak of enterovirus D68 in children in Colorado, USA. Lancet 2015;385:1662–1671.
2. Pastula DM, Aliabadi N, Haynes AK, et al. Acute neurologic illness of unknown etiology in children: Colorado, August–September 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014;63:901–902.
3. Sejvar JJ, Lopez AS, Cortese MM, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis in the United States: August–December 2014: results of nation-wide surveillance. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63: 737–745.
4. Van Haren K, Ayscue P, Waubant E, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis of unknown etiology in California, 2012-2015. JAMA 2015;314:2663–2671.
5. Messacar K, Schreiner TL, Van Haren K, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis: a clinical review of US cases 2012-2015. Ann Neurol 2016;80:326–338.
6. Martin JA, Messacar K, Yang ML, et al. Outcomes of Colorado children with acute flaccid myelitis at 1 year. Neurology 2017;89:129–137.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Acute flaccid myelitis: interim considerations for clinical management. Available at: cdc.gov/acute-flaccid-myelitis/downloads/acute-flaccid-myelitis.pdf. Accessed April 12, 2018.
8. Messacar K, Asturias EJ, Hixon AM, et al. Enterovirus D68 and acute flaccid myelitis: evaluating the evidence for causality. Lancet Infect Dis 2018;18:e239–e247.
9. Dyda A, Stelzer-Braid S, Adam D, Chughtai AA, MacIntyre CR. The association between acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) and enterovirus D68 (EV-D68): what is the evidence for causation? Euro Surveill 2018;23.
10. Sun L, Meijer A, Froeyen M, et al. Antiviral activity of broad-spectrum and enterovirus-specific inhibitors against clinical isolates of enterovirus D68. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015;59:7782–7785.
11. Rhoden E, Zhang M, Nix WA, Oberste MS. In vitro efficacy of antiviral compounds against enterovirus D68. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015;59:7779–7781.
12. Smee DF, Evans WJ, Nicolaou KC, Tarbet EB, Day CW. Susceptibilities of enterovirus D68, enterovirus 71, and rhinovirus 87 strains to various antiviral compounds. Antivir Res 2016;131:61–65.
13. Ulferts R, van der Linden L, Thibaut HJ, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine inhibits replication of human enteroviruses B and D by targeting viral protein 2C. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57:1952–1956.
14. Henry ME, Schmidt ME, Hennen J, et al. A comparison of brain and serum pharmacokinetics of R-fluoxetine and racemic fluoxetine: a 19-F MRS study. Neuro-psychopharmacology 2005;30:1576–1583.
15. Strauss WL, Unis AS, Cowan C, Dawson G, Dager SR. Fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurement of brain fluvoxamine and fluoxetine in pediatric patients treated for pervasive developmental disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:755–760.
16. Gofshteyn J, Cardenas AM, Bearden D. Treatment of chronic enterovirus encephalitis with fluoxetine in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Pediatr Neurol 2016; 64:94–98.
17. Tyler KL. Rationale for the evaluation of fluoxetine in the treatment of enterovirus D68-associated acute flaccid myelitis. JAMA Neurol 2015;72:493–494.
18. US Food and Drug Administration. Prozac (fluoxetine hydrochloride) class labeling. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm109352.htm. Accessed April 12, 2018.
19. US Food and Drug Administration. Adverse event reporting system. Available at: fda. gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Surveillance/Adverse-DrugEffects/default.htm. Accessed April 12, 2018.
20. Compston A. Aids to the investigation of peripheral nerve injuries: Medical Research Council: Nerve Injuries Research Committee: His Majesty’s Stationery Office: 1942; pp. 48 (iii) and 74 figures and 7 diagrams; with aids to the examination of the peripheral nervous system: By Michael O’Brien for the Guarantors of Brain: Saunders Elsevier: 2010; pp. [8] 64 and 94 Figures. Brain 2010;133:2838–2844.
21. Lee HF, Chi CS. Enterovirus 71 infection-associated acute flaccid paralysis: a case series of long-term neurologic follow-up. J Child Neurol 2014;29:1283–1290.
22. Wilens TE, Cohen L, Biederman J, et al. Fluoxetine pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2002;22:568–575.
23. Karson CN, Newton JE, Livingston R, et al. Human brain fluoxetine concentrations. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1993;5:322–329.
24. Perez-Velez CM, Anderson MS, Robinson CC, et al. Outbreak of neurologic enterovirus type 71 disease: a diagnostic challenge. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:950–957.
25. Hixon AM, Clarke P, Tyler KL. Evaluating treatment efficacy in a mouse model of enterovirus D68-associated paralytic myelitis. J Infect Dis 2017;216: 1245–1253.