Hormonal regulation of elasmobranch physiology

Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 287-324

  Gelsleichter, James ^a  

^a CENTER FOR SHARK RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85055544657     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (284)

1. Acher, R., J. Chauvet, M.T. Chauvet, and Y. Rouille. 1999. Unique evolution of neurohypophysial hormones in cartilaginous fishes: possible implications for urea-based osmoregulation. J. Exp. Zool. 284:475-484.
2. Aldman, G., A.C. Jonsson, J. Jensen, and S. Holmgren. 1989. Gastrin/CCK-like peptides in the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias; concentrations and actions in the gut. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 92:103-108.
3. Amemiya, Y., A. Takahashi, N. Suzuki, Y. Sasayama, and H. Kawauchi. 2000. Molecular cloning of proopiomelanocortin cDNA from an elasmobranch, the stingray, Dasyatis akajei. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 118:105-112.
4. Amer, S. and J.A. Brown. 1995. Glomerular actions of arginine vasotocin in the in situ perfused trout kidney. Am. J. Physiol. 269:R775-R780.
5. Anderson, W.G., J.M. Conlon, and N. Hazon. 1995. Characterization of the endogenous intestinal peptide that stimulates the rectal gland of Scyliorhinus canicula. Am. J. Physiol. 268:R1359-R1364.
6. Anderson, W.G., M.C. Cerra, A. Wells, M.L. Tierney, B. Tota, Y. Takei, and N. Hazon. 2001a. Angiotensin and angiotensin receptors in cartilaginous fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 128:31-40.
7. Anderson, W.G., Y. Takei, and N. Hazon. 2001b. The dipsogenic effect of the renin-angiotensin system in elasmobranch fish. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 124:300-307.
8. Anderson, W.G., M.F. Ali, I.E. Einarsdottir, L. Schaffer, N. Hazon, and J.M. Conlon. 2002. Purification, characterization, and biological activity of insulins from the spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, and the hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 126:113-122.
9. Andrews, PL. and J.Z. Young. 1988. The effect of peptides on the motility of the stomach, intestine and rectum in the skate (Raja). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 89:343-348.
10. Armour, K.J., L.B. O’Toole, and N. Hazon. 1993a. The effect of dietary protein restriction on the secretory dynamics of 1a hydroxycorticosterone and urea in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula: a possible role for 1a hydroxycorticosterone in sodium retention. J. Endocrinol. 138:275-282.
11. Armour, K.J., L.B. O’Toole, and N. Hazon. 1993b. Mechanisms of ACTH- and angiotensin II-stimulated 1 alpha-hydroxycorticosterone secretion in the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 10:235-244.
12. Bagnell, C.A., Q. Zhang, B. Downey and L. Ainsworth. 1993. Sources and biological actions of relaxin in pigs. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 48:127-138.
13. Bajaj, M., T.L. Blundell, J.E. Pitts, S.P Wood, M.A. Tatnell, S. Falkmer, S.O. Emdin, L.K. Gowan, H. Crow, and C. Schwabe. 1983. Dogfish insulin. Primary structure, conformation and biological properties of an elasmobranchial insulin. Eur. J. Biochem. 135:535-542.
14. Battersby, B.J., W.J. McFarlane, and J.S. Ballantyne. 1996. Short-term effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine on the intermediary metabolism of the dogfish shark Squalus acanthias: evidence from enzyme activities. J. Exp. Zool. 274:157-162.
15. Bautista, C.M., S. Mohan, and D.J. Baylink. 1990. Insulin-like growth factors I and II are present in the skeletal tissues of ten vertebrates. Metabolism 39:96-100.
16. Bayliss, W.M. and E.H. Starling. 1903. On the uniformity of the pancreatic mechanisms in vertebrata. J. Physiol. (London) 29:174-180.
17. Bean, J.W. 1942. Specificity in the renin-hypertensinogen reaction. Am. J. Physiol. 136:731-742.
18. Belfry, C. S. and F.B. Cowan. 1995. Peptidergic and adrenergic innervation of the lachrymal gland in the euryhaline turtle, Malaclemys terrapin. J. Exp. Zool. 273:363-375.
19. Bennett, H.P, PJ. Lowry, and C. McMartin. 1974. Structural studies of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and a novel beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary of the dogfish Squalus acanthias. Biochem. J. 141:439-444.
20. Berglund, M.M., PA. Hipskind, and D.R. Gehlert. 2003. Recent developments in our understanding of the physiological role of PP-fold peptide receptor subtypes. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 228:217-244.
21. Betka, M. and G.V. Callard. 1998. Negative feedback control of the spermatogenic progression by testicular oestrogen synthesis: insights from the shark testis model. APMIS 106:252-258.
22. Bjenning, C. and S. Holmgren. 1988. Neuropeptides in the fish gut. An immunohistochemical study of evolutionary patterns. Histochemistry 88:155-163.
23. Bjenning, C., A.C. Jonsson, and S. Holmgren. 1990. Bombesin-like immunoreactive material in the gut, and the effect of bombesin on the stomach circulatory system of an elasmobranch fish, Squalus acanthias. Regul. Pept. 28:57-69.
24. Bjenning, C., A.P Farrell, and S. Holmgren. 1991. Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in skates and the in vitro effect of bombesin on coronary vessels from the longnose skate, Raja rhina. Regul. Pept. 35:207-219.
25. Bjenning, C., N. Hazon, A. Balasubramaniam, S. Holmgren, and J.M. Conlon. 1993. Distribution and activity of dogfish NPY and peptide YY in the cardiovascular system of the common dogfish. Am. J. Physiol. 264:R1119-R1124.
26. Björnsson, B.T., C. Haux, L. Forlin, and L.J. Deftos. 1986. The involvement of calcitonin in the reproductive physiology of the rainbow trout. J. Endocrinol. 108:17-23.
27. Bourguignon, J.P, and T.M. Plant, Eds. 2000. The Onset of Puberty in Perspective. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
28. Bullesbach, E.E., L.K. Gowan, C. Schwabe, B.G. Steinetz, E. O’Byrne, and I.P Callard. 1986. Isolation, purification, and the sequence of relaxin from spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). Eur. J. Biochem. 161:335-341.
29. Bullesbach, E.E., C. Schwabe, and I.P Callard. 1987. Relaxin from an oviparous species, the skate (Raja erinacea). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.143:273-280.
30. Bullesbach, E.E., C. Schwabe, and E.R. Lacy. 1997. Identification of a glycosylated relaxin-like molecule from the male Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. Biochemistry 36:10735-10741.
31. Bullock, T.H. and R.G. Northcutt. 1984. Nervus terminalis in dogfish (Squalus acanthias, Elasmobranchii) carries tonic efferent impulses. Neurosci. Lett. 44:155-160.
32. Burton, M. and D.R. Idler. 1986. The cellular location of 1 alpha-hydroxycorticosterone binding protein in skate. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 64:260-266.
33. Butler, P.J., J.D. Metcalfe, and S.A. Ginley. 1986. Plasma catecholamines in the lesser spotted dogfish and rainbow trout at rest and during different levels of exercise. J. Exp. Biol. 123:409-421.
34. Callard, G.V. 1988. Reproductive physiology (Part B: The male), in Physiology of Elasmobranch Fishes. T.J. Shuttleworth, Ed., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 292-317.
35. Callard, G.V. 1992. Autocrine and paracrine role of steroids during spermatogenesis: studies in Squalus acanthias and Necturus maculosus. J. Exp. Zool. 261:132-142.
36. Callard, I.P. and L. Klosterman. 1988. Reproductive physiology (Part A: The female), in Physiology of Elasmobranch Fishes. T.J. Shuttleworth, Ed., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 279-292.
37. Callard, I.P. and T.J. Koob. 1993. Endocrine regulation of the elasmobranch reproductive tract. J. Exp. Zool. 266:368-377.
38. Callard, G.V. and P. Mak. 1985. Exclusive nuclear location of estrogen receptors in Squalus testis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.82:1336-1340.
39. Callard, G.V., J.A. Pudney, P. Mak, and J.A. Canick. 1985. Stage-dependent changes in steroidogenic enzymes and estrogen receptors during spermatogenesis in the testis of the dogfish, Squalus acanthias. Endocrinology 117:1328-1335.
40. Callard, I.P, L.A. Fileti, L.E. Perez, L.A. Sorbera, G. Giannoukos, L.L. Klosterman, P Tsang, and J.A. McCracken. 1992. Role of the corpus luteum and progesterone in the evolution of vertebrate viviparity. Am. Zool. 32:264-275.
41. Callard, I.P, L.A. Fileti, and T.J. Koob. 1993. Ovarian steroid synthesis and the hormonal control of the elasmobranch reproductive tract. Environ. Biol. Fish. 38:175-186.
42. Calvin, J.L., C.H. Slater, T.G. Bolduc, A.P Laudano, and S.A. Sower. 1993. Multiple molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of an elasmobranch: evidence for IR-lamprey GnRH. Peptides 14:725-729.
43. Camargo, C.R., M.A. Visconti, and A.M. Castrucci. 1999. Physiological color change in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. J. Exp. Zool. 283:160-169.
44. Carroll, R.G., D.F. Opdyke, and N.E. Keller. 1984. Vascular recovery following hemorrhage in the dogfish shark Squalus acanthias. Am. J. Physiol. 246:R825-R828.
45. Chevins, PF. and J.M. Dodd. 1970. Pituitary innervation and control of colour change in the skates Raia naevus, R. clavata, R. montagui, and R. radiata. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 15:232-241.
46. Chiba, A. 1998. Ontogeny of serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the gut epithelium of the cloudy dogfish, Scyliorhinus torazame, with reference to coexistence of serotonin and neuropeptide Y. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 111:290-298.
47. Chiba, A. 2000. Immunohistochemical cell types in the terminal nerve ganglion of the cloudy dogfish, Scyliorhinus torazame, with special regard to neuropeptide Y/FMRFamide-immunoreactive cells. Neurosci. Lett. 286:195-198.
48. Chiba, A. 2001. Marked distributional difference of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-like immunoreactivity in the brain between two elasmobranchs (Scyliorhinus torazame and Etmopterus brachyurus): an immunohistochemical study. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 122:287-295.
49. Chiba, A. and Y. Honma. 1992. Distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the brain and hypophysis of the cloudy dogfish, Scyliorhinus torazame. Cell Tissue Res. 268:453-461.
50. Chiba, A., Y. Honma, and S. Oka. 1995. Ontogenetic development of neuropeptide Y-like-immunoreactive cells in the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system of the dogfish. Cell Tissue Res. 282:33-40.
51. Chiba, A., S. Oka, and Y. Honma. 1996. Ontogenetic changes in neuropeptide Y-like-immunoreactivity in the terminal nerve of the chum salmon and the cloudy dogfish, with special reference to colocalization with gonadotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactivity. Neurosci. Lett. 213:49-52.
52. Chiba, A., S. Oka, and E. Saitoh. 2002. Ontogenetic changes in neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons in the hypothalamus of the cloudy dogfish, Scyliorhinus torazame (Elasmo- branchii). Neurosci. Lett. 329:301-304.
53. Chieffi, G. 1967. The reproductive system of elasmobranchs: developmental and endocrinological aspects, in Sharks, Skates, and Rays. PW. Gilbert, R.F. Mathewson, and D.P Rall, Eds., Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 553-580.
54. Chipkin, S.R., J.S. Stoff, and N. Aronin. 1988. Immunohistochemical evidence for neural mediation of VIP activity in the dogfish rectal gland. Peptides 9:119-124.
55. Cimini, V., S. van Noorden, G. Giordano-Lanza, V. Nardini, G.P McGregor, S.R. Bloom, and J.M. Polak. 1985. Neuropeptides and 5-HT immunoreactivity in the gastric nerves of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus stellaris). Peptides 6(Suppl. 3):373-377.
56. Cimini, V., S. van Noorden, and J.M. Polak. 1989. Co-localisation of substance P-, bombesin- and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI)-like peptides in gut endocrine cells of the dogfish Scyliorhinus stellaris. Anat. Embryol. (Berlin) 179:605-614.
57. Cimini, V., S. van Noorden, and M. Sansone. 1992. Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the dogfish gastroenteropancreatic tract: light and electron microscopical study. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 86:413-423.
58. Conlon, J.M. and L. Thim. 1986. Primary structure of insulin and a truncated C-peptide from an elasmobran- chian fish, Torpedo marmorata. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 64:199-205.
59. Conlon, J.M., D.V. Agoston, and L. Thim. 1985. An elasmobranchian somatostatin: primary structure and tissue distribution in Torpedo marmorata. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 60:406-413.
60. Conlon, J.M., I.W. Henderson, and L. Thim. 1987. Gastrin-releasing peptide from the intestine of the elas- mobranch fish, Scyliorhinus canicula (common dogfish). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 68:415-420.
61. Conlon, J.M., C. Bjenning, and N. Hazon. 1992. Structural characterization of neuropeptide Y from the brain of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. Peptides 13:493-497.
62. Conlon, J.M., L. Agius, K. George, M.M. Alberti, and N. Hazon. 1994a. Effects of dogfish urotensin II on lipid mobilization in the fasted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 93:177-180.
63. Conlon, J.M., N. Hazon, and L. Thim. 1994b. Primary structures of peptides derived from proglucagon isolated from the pancreas of the elasmobranch fish, Scyliorhinus canicula. Peptides 15:163-167.
64. Craik, J.C. 1978. The effects of oestrogen treatment on certain plasma constituents associated with vitello- genesis in the elasmobranch Scyliorhinus canicula L. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 35:455-464.
65. Craik, J.C. 1979. Simultaneous measurement of rates of vitellogenin synthesis and plasma levels of oestradiol in an elasmobranch. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 38:264-266.
66. Cuevas, M.E. and G. Callard. 1992. Androgen and progesterone receptors in shark (Squalus) testis: characteristics and stage-related distribution. Endocrinology 130:2173-2182.
67. Cuevas, M.E., W. Miller, and G. Callard. 1992. Sulfoconjugation of steroids and the vascular pathway of communication in dogfish testis. J. Exp. Zool. 264:119-129.
68. Cuevas, M.E., K. Collins, and G.V. Callard. 1993. Stage-related changes in steroid-converting enzyme activities in Squalus testis: synthesis of biologically active metabolites via 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogena- se/isomerase and 5 alpha-reductase. Steroids 58:87-94.
69. Dacke, C.G., B.J. Furr, J.N. Boelkins, and A.D. Kenny. 1976. Sexually related changes in plasma calcitonin levels in Japanese quail. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 55:341-344.
70. D’Antonio, M., M. Vallarino, D.A. Lovejoy, F. Vandesande, J.A. King, R. Pierantoni, and R.E. Peter. 1995. Nature and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain, and GnRH and GnRH binding activity in serum of the spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 98:35-49.
71. Demski, L. S. and R.G. Northcutt. 1983. The terminal nerve: a new chemosensory system in vertebrates? Science 22:435-437.
72. Demski, L.S., R.D. Fields, T.H. Bullock, M.P Schriebman, and H. Margolis-Nunno. 1987. The terminal nerve of sharks and rays: EM, immunocytochemical and electrophysiological studies. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 519:15-32.
73. Denning-Kendall, PA., J.P Sumpter, and P J. Lowry. 1982. Peptides derived from pro-opiocortin in the pituitary gland of the dogfish, Squalus acanthias. J. Endocrinol. 93:381-390.
74. Denslow, N.D., M.C. Chow, K.J. Kroll, and L. Green. 1999. Vitellogenin as a biomarker of exposure for estrogen or estrogen mimics. Ecotoxicology 8:385-398.
75. deRoos, R. and C.C. deRoos. 1973. Elevation of plasma glucose levels by mammalian ACTH in the spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 21:403-409.
76. deRoos, R. and C.C. deRoos. 1978. Elevation of plasma glucose levels by catecholamines in elasmobranch fish. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 34:447-452.
77. deRoos, R. and C.C. deRoos. 1979. Severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 37:186-191.
78. deRoos, R. and C.C. deRoos. 1992. Effects of mammalian ACTH on potential fuels and gluconeogenic substrates in the plasma of the spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 87:149-158.
79. deRoos, R., C.C. deRoos, C.S. Werner, and H. Werner. 1985. Plasma levels of glucose, alanine, lactate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate in the unfed spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) after surgery and following mammalian insulin infusion. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 58:28-43.
80. Dimaline, R., M.C. Thorndyke, and J. Young. 1986. Isolation and partial sequence of elasmobranch VIP Regul. Pept. 14:1-10.
81. Dimaline, R., J. Young, D.T. Thwaites, C.M. Lee, T.J. Shuttleworth, and M.C. Thorndyke. 1987. A novel vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from elasmobranch intestine has full affinity for mammalian pancreatic VIP receptors. Biochim. Biophys. Acta930:97-100.
82. Dobson, S. and J.M. Dodd. 1977a. Endocrine control of the testis in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula L. I. Effects of partial hypophysectomy on gravimetric, hormonal and biochemical aspects of testis function. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 32:41-52.
83. Dobson, S. and J.M. Dodd. 1977b. Endocrine control of the testis in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula L. II. Histological and ultrastructural changes in the testis after partial hypophysectomy (ventral lobectomy). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 32:53-71.
84. Dobson, S. and J.M. Dodd. 1977c. The roles of temperature and photoperiod in the response of the testis of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula L. to partial hypophysectomy (ventral lobectomy). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 32:114-115.
85. Dodd, J.M. 1975. The hormones of sex and reproduction and their effects in fish and lower chordates: twenty years on. Am. Zool. 12:325-339.
86. Dodd, J.M. and C.K. Goddard. 1961. Some effects of oestradiol benzoate on the reproductive ducts of the female dogfish Scyliorhinus canciulus. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 137:325-331.
87. Dodd, J.M., PJ. Evennett, and C.K. Goddard. 1960. Reproductive endocrinology in cyclostomes and elasmo- branchs. Symp. Zool. Soc. London1:77-103.
88. Downing, S.J. and O.D. Sherwood. 1985. The physiological role of relaxin in the pregnant rat. I. The influence of relaxin on parturition. Endocrinology 116:1200-1205.
89. DuBois, W., P. Mak, and G.V. Callard. 1989. Sertoli cell functions during spermatogenesis: the shark testis model. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 7:221-227.
90. Eberle, A., Y.-S. Chang, and R. Schwyzer. 1978. Chemical synthesis and biological activity of the dogfish (Squalus acanthias) a-melanotropins I and II and of related peptides. Helv. Chim. Acta61:2360-2374.
91. Ecay, T.W. and J.D. Valentich. 1991. Chloride secretagogues stimulate inositol phosphate formation in shark rectal gland tubules cultured in suspension. J. Cell. Physiol. 146:407-416.
92. Eddy, E.M., T.F. Washburn, D.O. Bunch, E.H. Goulding, B.C. Gladen, D.B. Lubahn, and K.S. Korach. 1996. Targeted disruption of the estrogen receptor gene in male mice causes alteration of spermatogenesis and infertility. Endocrinology 137:4796-4805.
93. El-Salhy, M. 1984. Immunocytochemical investigation of the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) neurohormonal peptides in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract of the dogfish Squalus acanthias. Histochemistry 80:193-205.
94. Epstein, F.H., J.S. Stoff, and P. Silva. 1981. Hormonal control of secretion in shark rectal gland. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 372:613-625.
95. Epstein, F.H., J.S. Stoff, and P Silva. 1983. Mechanism and control of hyperosmotic NaCl-rich secretion by the rectal gland of Squalus acanthias. J. Exp. Biol. 106:25-41.
96. Evans, D.H. and P.M. Piermarini. 2001. Contractile properties of the elasmobranch rectal gland. J. Exp. Biol. 204:59-67.
97. Faraldi, G., E. Bonini, L. Farina, and G. Tagliafierro. 1988. Distribution and ontogeny of glucagon-like cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the cartilaginous fish Scyliorhinus stellaris (L.). Acta. Histochem. 83:57-64.
98. Fasano, S., R. Pierantoni, S. Minucci, L. Di Matteo, M. D’Antonio, and G. Chieffi. 1989. Effects of intrates- ticular injections of estradiol and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRHA, HOE 766) on plasma androgen levels in intact and hypophysectomized Torpedo marmorata and Torpedo ocellata. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 75:349-354.
99. Fasano, S., M. D’Antonio, R. Pierantoni, and G. Chieffi. 1992. Plasma and follicular tissue steroid levels in the elasmobranch fish, Torpedo marmorata. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 85:327-333.
100. Fileti, L.A. and I.P Callard. 1988. Corpus luteum function and regulation in the skate, Raja erinacea. Bull. Mt. Desert Isl. Biol. Lab. 29:129-130.
101. Forlano, P.M., K.P Maruska, S.A. Sower, J.A. King, and T.C. Tricas. 2000. Differential distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neurons in the stingray brain: functional and evolutionary considerations. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 118:226-248.
102. Franklin, C.E., S. Holmgren, and G.C. Taylor. 1996. A preliminary investigation of the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on secretion from the lingual salt glands of Crocodylus porosus. Gen. Comp. Endo crinol. 102:74-78.
103. Garnier, D.H., P. Sourdaine, and B. Jegou. 1999. Seasonal variations in sex steroids and male sexual characteristics in Scyliorhinus canicula. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 116:281-290.
104. Gash, T.A. 2000. Seasonal Thyroid Activity in the Bonnethead Shark, Sphyrna tiburo. M.S. thesis. Texas A and M University, College Station.
105. Gelsleichter, J. and J.A. Musick. 1999. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I, corticosterone, and 3,3', 5-tri- iodo-L-thyronine on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in vertebral cartilage of the clearnose skate, Raja eglanteria. J. Exp. Zool. 284:549-556.
106. Gelsleichter, J., B.G. Steinetz, C.A. Manire, and C. Ange. 2003. Serum relaxin concentrations and reproduction in male bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 132:27-34.
107. Gelsleichter, J., L.E.L. Rasmussen, C.A. Manire, J. Tyminski, B. Chang, and L. Lombardi-Carson. In press. Serum steroid concentrations and development of reproductive organs during puberty in male bonnet- head sharks, Sphyrna tiburo. Fish Physiol. Biochem.
108. Gerstberger, R. 1988. Functional vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-system in salt glands of the Pekin duck. Cell Tissue. Res. 252:39-48.
109. Gerstberger, R., H. Sann, and E. Simon. 1988. Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulates blood flow and secretion of avian salt glands. Am. J. Physiol. 255:R575-R582.
110. Gottfried, H. and G. Chieffi. 1967. The seminal steroids of the dogfish Scylliorhinus stellaris. J. Endocrinol. 37:99-100.
111. Gowan, L.K., J.W. Reinig, C. Schwabe, S. Bedarkar, and T.L. Blundell. 1981. On the primary and tertiary structure of relaxin from the sand tiger shark (Odontaspis taurus). FEBS Lett. 129: 80-82.
112. Grant, W.C., Jr., F.J. Hendler, and P.M. Banks. 1969. Studies on the blood-sugar regulation in the little skate Raja erinacea. Physiol. Zool. 42:231-247.
113. Grumbach, M.M. 2000. Estrogen, bone, growth and sex: a sea change in conventional wisdom. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 13(Suppl. 6):1439-1455.
114. Guibbolini, M.E., I.W. Henderson, W. Mosley, and B. Lahlou. 1988. Arginine vasotocin binding to isolated branchial cells of the eel: effect of salinity. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 1:125-130.
115. Gutiérrez, J., J. Fernandez, J. Blasco, J.M. Gesse, and J. Planas. 1986. Plasma glucagon levels in different species of fish. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 63:328-333.
116. Gutiérrez, J., J. Fernandez, and J. Planas. 1988. Seasonal variations of insulin and some metabolites in dogfish plasma, Scyliorhinus canicula, L. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 70:1-8.
117. Hansen, D. 1975. Evidence of a gastrin-like substance in Rhinobatis productus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 52:61-63.
118. Hayashida, T. and U.J. Lewis. 1978. Immunochemical and biological studies with antiserum to shark growth hormone. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 36:530-542.
119. Hayes, T.B. 1998. Sex determination and primary sex differentiation in amphibians: genetic and developmental mechanisms. J. Exp. Zool. 281:373-399.
120. Hazon, N. and I.W. Henderson. 1984. Secretory dynamics of 1-alpha-hydroxycorticosterone in the elasmobranch fish, Scyliorhinus canicula. J. Endocrinol. 103:205-211.
121. Hazon, N. and I.W. Henderson. 1985. Factors affecting the secretory dynamics of 1 alpha-hydroxycorticos- terone in the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 59:50-55.
122. Hazon, N., R.J. Balment, M. Perrott, and L.B. O’Toole. 1989. The renin-angiotensin system and vascular and dipsogenic regulation in elasmobranchs. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 74:230-236.
123. Hazon, N., M.L. Tierney, W.G. Anderson, S. MacKenzie, C. Cutler, and G. Cramb. 1997. Ion and water balance in elasmobranch fish, in Ionic Regulation in Animals N. Hazon, F.B. Eddy, and G. Flik, Eds., SpringerVerlag, Heidelberg, 70-86.
124. Henderson, I.W., J.A. Oliver, A. McKeever, and N. Hazon. 1981. Phylogenetic aspects of the renin-angiotensin system, in Advances in Physiological Sciences, Vol. 2: Advances in Animal and Comparative Physiology; G. Pethes and V.L. Frenyo, Eds., Pergamon Press, London, 355-363.
125. Heupel, M.R., J.M. Whittier, and M.B. Bennett. 1999. Plasma steroid hormone profiles and reproductive biology of the epaulette shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum J. Exp. Zool. 284:586-594.
126. Hisaw, L. and A. Abramowitz. 1939. Physiology of reproduction in the dogfishes Mustelus canis and Squalus acanthias. Rep. Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst. 1938:22.
127. Ho, S.-M., G. Wulczyn, and I.P Callard. 1980. Induction of vitellogenin synthesis in the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias. Bull. Mt. Desert Isl. Biol. Lab 19:37-38.
128. Hoffmayer, E.R. and G.R. Parsons. 2001. The physiological response to capture and handling stress in the Atlantic sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon terranovae. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 25:277-285.
129. Hogben, L.T. 1942. Chromatic behaviour. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 131:111-136.
130. Holmgren, S. and S. Nilsson. 1983. Bombesin-, gastrin/CCK-, 5-hydroxytryptamine-, neurotensin-, somatostatin-, and VIP-like immunoreactivity and catecholamine fluorescence in the gut of the elasmobranch, Squalus acanthias. Cell Tissue Res. 234:595-618.
131. Holmgren, S. and S. Nilsson. 1999. Digestive system, in Sharks, Skates and Rays. The Biology of Elasmobranch Fish. W.C. Hamlett, Ed., John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 144-173.
132. Holmgren, S., M. Axelsson, and A.P. Farrell. 1992a. The effects of catecholamines, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on blood flow to the gut in the dogfish Squalus acanthias. J. Exp. Biol. 168:161-175.
133. Holmgren, S., M. Axelsson, and A.P Farrell. 1992b. The effects of neuropeptide Y and bombesin on blood flow to the gut in dogfish Squalus acanthias. Regul. Pept. 40:169.
134. Holstein, A.F. 1969. Zur Frange der lokalen Steuerung der Spermatogenese beim Dornhai (Squalus acanthias L.). Z. Zellforsch. 93:265-281.
135. Holt, W.F. and D.R. Idler. 1975. Influence of the interrenal gland on the rectal gland of a skate. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 50:111-119.
136. Idler, D.R. and K.M. Kane. 1976. Interrenalectomy and Na-K-ATPase activity in the rectal gland of the skate Raja ocellata. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 28:100-102.
137. Idler, D.R. and K.M. Kane. 1980. Cytosol receptor glycoprotein for 1a-hydroxycorticosterone in tissues of an elasmobranch fish (Raja ocellata). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 42:259-266.
138. Idler, D.R. and B. Truscott. 1966. 1a-hydroxycorticosterone from cartilaginous fish: a new adrenal steroid in blood. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 23:615-619.
139. Jenkins, N., J.P Joss, and J.M. Dodd. 1980. Biochemical and autoradiographic studies on the oestradiol- concentrating cells in the diencephalon and pituitary gland of the female dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 40:211-219.
140. Jensen, J. 2001. Regulatory peptides and control of food intake in non-mammalian vertebrates. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 128:471-479.
141. Johnsen, A.H., L. Jonson, I.J. Rourke, and J.F. Rehfeld. 1997. Elasmobranchs express separate cholecystokinin and gastrin genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94:10221-10226.
142. Jonsson, A.C. 1995. Endocrine cells with gastrin/cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in the pancreas of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias. Regul. Pept. 59:67-78.
143. Kâgstrom, J., M. Axelsson, J. Jensen, A.P. Farrell, and S. Holmgren. 1996. Vasoactivity and immunoreactivity of fish tachykinins in the vascular system of the spiny dogfish. Am. J. Physiol. 270:R585-R593.
144. Karsch, F.J., G.E. Dahl, T.M. Hachigian, and L.A. Thrun. 1995. Involvement of thyroid hormones in seasonal reproduction. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 49:409-422.
145. King, J.A. and R.P. Millar. 1979. Phylogenetic and anatomical distribution of somatostatin in vertebrates. Endocrinology 105:1322-1329.
146. King, J.A. and R.P. Millar. 1980. Comparative aspects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone structure and function in vertebrate phylogeny. Endocrinology 106:707-717.
147. King, J.A., A.A. Steneveld, R.P. Millar, S. Fasano, G. Romano, A. Spagnuolo, L. Zanetti, and R. Pierantoni. 1992. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in elasmobranch (electric ray, Torpedo marmorata) brain and plasma: chromatographic and immunological evidence for chicken GnRH II and novel molecular forms. Peptides 13:27-35.
148. Koob, T.J. and I.P. Callard. 1985. Effect of progesterone on the ovulatory cycle of the little skate Raja erinacea. Bull. Mt. Desert Isl. Biol. Lab. 25:138-139.
149. Koob, T.J. and I.P. Callard. 1999. Reproductive endocrinology of female elasmobranchs: lessons from the little skate (Raja erinacea) and spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). J. Exp. Zool. 284:557-574.
150. Koob, T.J., J.J. Laffan, B. Elger, and I.P Callard. 1983. Effects of estradiol on the Verschlussvorrichtung of Squalus acanthias. Bull. Mt. Desert Isl. Biol. Lab. 23:67-68.
151. Koob, T.J., J.J. Laffan, and I.P. Callard. 1984. Effects of relaxin and insulin on reproductive tract size and early fetal loss in Squalus acanthias. Biol. Reprod. 31:231-238.
152. Koob, T.J., P Tsang, and I.P. Callard. 1986. Plasma estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone levels during the ovulatory cycle of the skate (Raja erinacea). Biol. Reprod. 35:267-275.
153. Kwon, S., R.A. Hess, D. Bunick, J.D. Kirby, and J.M. Bahr. 1997. Estrogen receptors are present in the epididymis of the rooster. J. Androl. 18:378-384.
154. Lance, V. and I.P. Callard. 1978. Gonadotrophic activity in pituitary extracts from a elasmobranch (Squalus acanthias L.). J. Endocrinol. 78:149-150.
155. Lehrich, R.W., S.G. Aller, P. Webster, C.R. Marino, and J.N. Forrest, Jr. 1998. Vasoactive intestinal peptide, forskolin, and genistein increase apical CFTR trafficking in the rectal gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias. Acute regulation of CFTR trafficking in an intact epithelium. J. Clin. Invest. 101:737-745.
156. Leibson, L.G. and E.M. Plisetskaia. 1972. Hormones and their role in regulating metabolism in cold-blooded vertebrates. Usp. Fiziol. Nauk 3:26-44.
157. Le Roith D., C. Bondy, S. Yakar, J.-L. Liu, and A. Butler. 2001. The somatomedin hypothesis: 2001. Endocr. Rev 22:53-74.
158. Lewis, M. and J.M. Dodd. 1974. Proceedings: thyroid function and the ovary in the spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. J. Endocrinol. 63: 63P
159. Lipshaw, L.A., G.J. Patent, and P.P. Foa. 1972. Effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on the hepatic lipids of the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum. Horm. Metab. Res. 4:34-38.
160. Liu, Q. and L.S. Demski. 1993. Clasper control in the round stingray, Urolophus halleri: lower sensorimotor pathways. Environ. Biol. Fish. 38:219-232.
161. Love, R.M. and B.T. Pickering. 1974. A beta-MSH in the pituitary gland of the spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula): isolation and structure. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 24:398-404.
162. Lovejoy, D.A., N.M. Sherwood, W.H. Fischer, B.C. Jackson, J.E. Rivier, and T. Lee. 1991. Primary structure of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the brain of a holocephalan (ratfish: Hydrolagus colliei). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 82:152-161.
163. Lovejoy, D.A., W.H. Fischer, S. Ngamvongchon, A.G. Craig, C.S. Nahorniak, R.E. Peter, J.E. Rivier, and N.M. Sherwood. 1992a. Distinct sequence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in dogfish brain provides insight into GnRH evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:6373-6377.
164. Lovejoy, D.A., W.K. Stell, and N.M. Sherwood. 1992b. Partial characterization of four forms of immunore- active gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and terminal nerve of the spiny dogfish (Elasmo- branchii; Squalus acanthias). Regul. Pept. 37:39-48.
165. Lowry, P. J. and A. Chadwick. 1970. Purification and amino acid sequence of melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the dogfish Squalus acanthias. Biochem. J. 118:713-718.
166. Lowry, P.J., H.P. Bennett, and C. McMartin. 1974. The isolation and amino acid sequence of an adrenocorti- cotrophin from the pars distalis and a corticotrophin-like intermediate-lobe peptide from the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary of the dogfish Squalus acanthias. Biochem. J. 141:427-437.
167. Lu, C.C., S.C. Tsai, S.W. Wang, C.L. Tsai, C.P Lau, H.C. Shih, Y.H. Chen, Y.C. Chiao, C. Liaw, and PS. Wang. 1998. Effects of ovarian steroid hormones and thyroxine on calcitonin secretion in pregnant rats. Am. J. Physiol. 274:E246-E252.
168. Lundin, K., S. Holmgren, and S. Nilsson. 1984. Peptidergic functions in the dogfish rectum. Acta Physiol. Scand. 121:46A.
169. Lundstrom, H.M. and P Bard. 1932. Hypophysial control of cutaneous pigmentation in an elasmobranch fish. Biol. Bull. 62:1-9.
170. MacKenzie, S., C.P Cutler, N. Hazon, and G. Cramb. 2002. The effects of dietary sodium loading on the activity and expression of Na, K-ATPase in the rectal gland of the European dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 131:185-200.
171. Mandado, M., P Molist, R. Anadon, and J. Yanez. 2001. A DiI-tracing study of the neural connections of the pineal organ in two elasmobranchs (Scyliorhinus canicula and Raja montagui) suggests a pineal projection to the midbrain GnRH-immunoreactive nucleus. Cell Tissue Res. 303:391-401.
172. Manire, C.A. and L.E. Rasmussen. 1997. Serum concentrations of steroid hormones in the mature male bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 107:414-420.
173. Manire, C.A., L.E. Rasmussen, D.L. Hess, and R.E. Hueter. 1995. Serum steroid hormones and the reproductive cycle of the female bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 97:366-376.
174. Manire C.A., L.E. Rasmussen, and T.S. Gross. 1999. Serum steroid hormones including 11-ketotestosterone, 11-ketoandrostenedione, and dihydroprogesterone in juvenile and adult bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo. J. Exp. Zool. 284:595-603.
175. Marina, P., L. Annamaria, D. Barbara, R. Loredana, A. Piero, and A. Francesco. 2002. Fine structure of Leydig and Sertoli cells in the testis of immature and mature spotted ray Torpedo marmorata. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63:192-201.
176. − current in avian salt gland cells. Regul. Pept. 52:205-214.
177. McVey, D.C., D. Rittschof, P.J. Mannon, and S.R. Vigna. 1996. Localization and characterization of neuropeptide Y/peptide YY receptors in the brain of the smooth dogfish (Mustelis canis). Regul. Pept. 61:167-173.
178. Mellinger, J.C.A. and M.P. Dubois. 1973. Confirmation, par l’immunofluorescence, de la fonction corticotrope du lobe rostral et de la fonction gonadotrope du lobe ventral de l’hypophyse d’un poisson cartilagineux, la torpille marbree (Torpedo marmorata). C. R. Acad. Sci 276:1979-1981.
179. Metcalfe, J.D. and P.J. Butler. 1984. Changes in activity and ventilation in response to hypoxia in unrestrained, unoperated dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.). J. Exp. Biol. 108:411-418.
180. Misao, R., J. Fujimoto, K. Niwa, S. Morishita, Y. Nakanishi, and T. Tamaya. 1997. Immunohistochemical expressions of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human epididymis at different ages — a preliminary study. Int. J. Fertil. Womens Med. 42:39-42.
181. Moeller, J.F. and M. Meredith. 1998. Increase in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels in CSF after stimulation of the nervus terminalis in Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. Brain Res. 806:104-107.
182. Mountjoy, K.G., L.S. Robbins, M.T. Mortrud, and R.D. Cone. 1992. The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors. Science 257:1248-1251.
183. Nichols, S., J. Gelsleichter, C.A. Manire, and G.M. Caillet. 2003. Calcitonin-like immunoreactivity in serum and tissues of the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:150-161.
184. Nishimura, H., M. Oguri, M. Ogawa, H. Sokabe, and M. Imai. 1970. Absence of renin in kidneys of elasmobranchs and cyclostomes. Am. J. Physiol. 218:911-915.
185. Norris, D.O. 1997. Vertebrate Endocrinology, 3rd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
186. Nozaki, M., T. Tsukahara, and H. Kobayashi. 1984. An immunocytological study of the distribution of neuropeptides in the brain of fish. Biomed. Res (Suppl.) 4:135-145.
187. Okamoto, K., K. Yasumura, S. Shimamura, M. Nakamura, A. Tanaka, and H. Yajima. 1979. Synthesis of the nonatriacontapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of dogfish adrenocorticotropic hormone (Squalus acantias). Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 27:499-507.
188. Okuzawa, K. 2002. Puberty in teleosts. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 26:31-41.
189. Oliver, A.S. and S.R. Vigna. 1996. CCK-X receptors in the endothermic mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 102:61-73.
190. Olson, K.R. 1999. Rectal gland and volume homeostasis, in Sharks, Skates and Rays. The Biology of Elasmobranch Fish. W.C. Hamlett, Ed., John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 329-352.
191. Opdyke, D.F., R.G. Carroll, and N.E. Keller. 1982. Catecholamine release and blood pressure changes induced by exercise in dogfish. Am. J. Physiol. 242:R306-R310.
192. Opdyke, D.F., J. Bullock, N.E. Keller, and K. Holmes. 1983. Dual mechanism for catecholamine secretion in the dogfish shark Squalus acanthias. Am. J. Physiol. 244:R641-R645.
193. O’Toole, L.B., K.J. Armour, C. Decourt, N. Hazon, B. Lahlou, and I.W. Henderson. 1990. Secretory patterns of 1 alpha-hydroxycorticosterone in the isolated perifused interrenal gland of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 5:55-60.
194. Pan, J., N.V. McFerran, C. Shaw, and D.W. Halton. 1994. Torpedo marmorata gut PLY and the NPY/PP family: phylogenetic and structural considerations. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 22:6S.
195. Pan, J.Z., C. Shaw, D.W. Halton, L. Thim, C.F. Johnston, and K.D. Buchanan. 1992. The primary structure of peptide Y (PY) of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias: immunocytochemical localisation and isolation from the pancreas. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 102:1-5.
196. Paolucci, M. and I.P Callard. 1998. Characterization of progesterone-binding moieties in the little skate Raja erinacea. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 109:106-118.
197. Parker, G.H. 1936. Color change in elasmobranchs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 22:55-60.
198. Patent, G.J. 1970. Comparison of some hormonal effects on carbohydrate metabolism in an elasmobranch (Squalus acanthias) and a holocephalan (Hydrolagus colliei). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 14:215-42.
199. Perez, L.E. and I.P. Callard. 1992. Identification of vitellogenin in the little skate (Raja erinacea). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 103:699-705.
200. Perez, L.E. and I.P Callard. 1993. Regulation of hepatic vitellogenin synthesis in the little skate (Raja erinacea): use of a homologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J. Exp. Zool. 266:31-39.
201. Phillip, M., G. Maor, S. Assa, A. Silbergeld, and Y. Segev. 2001. Testosterone stimulates growth of tibial epiphyseal growth plate and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor abundance in hypophysectomized and castrated rats. Endocrine 16:1-6.
202. Pierantoni, R., M. D’Antonio, and S. Fasano. 1993. Morpho-functional aspects of the hypothalamus-pituitary- gonadal axis of elasmobranch fishes. Environ. Biol. Fish. 38:187-196.
203. Plesch, F., C. Scott, D. Calhoun, S. Aller, and J. Forrest. 2000. Cloning of the GHRH-like hormone/PACAP recursor polypeptide from the brain of the spiny dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias. Bull. Mt. Desert Biol. Lab. 39:127-129.
204. Powell, R.C., R.P. Millar, and J.A. King. 1986. Diverse molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in an elasmobranch and a teleost fish. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 63:77-85.
205. Pudney, J. and G.V. Callard. 1984a. Development of agranular reticulum in Sertoli cells of the testis of the dogfish Squalus acanthias during spermatogenesis. Anat. Rec 209:311-321.
206. Pudney, J. and G.V. Callard. 1984b. Identification of Leydig-like cells in the testis of the dogfish Squalus acanthias. Anat. Rec. 209:323-330.
207. Pudney, J. and G.V. Callard. 1986. Sertoli cell cytoplasts in the semen of the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias. Tissue Cell. 18:375-382.
208. Quérat, B., C. Tonnerre-Doncarli, F. Genies, and C. Salmon. 2001. Duality of gonadotropins in gnathostomes. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.124:308-314.
209. Rasmussen, L.E. and S.H. Gruber. 1993. Serum concentrations of reproductively-related circulating steroid hormones in the free-ranging lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris. Environ. Biol. Fish. 38:167-174.
210. Rasmussen, L.E., D.L. Hess, and C.A. Luer. 1999. Alterations in serum steroid concentrations in the clearnose skate, Raja eglanteria: correlations with season and reproductive status. J. Exp. Zool. 284:575-585.
211. Reese, J.C. and I.P Callard. 1991. Characterization of a specific estrogen receptor in the oviduct of the little skate, Raja erinacea. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 84:170-181.
212. Reina, R.D. and P.D. Cooper. 2000. Control of salt gland activity in the hatchling green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas. J. Comp. Physiol. B 170:27-35.
213. Reinig, J.W., L.N. Daniel, C. Schwabe, L.K. Gowan, B.G. Steinetz, and E.M. O’Byrne. 1981. Isolation and characterization of relaxin from the sand tiger shark (Odontaspis taurus). Endocrinology 109:537-543.
214. Scanes, C.G., S. Dobson, B.K. Follett, and J.M. Dodd. 1972. Gonadotrophic activity in the pituitary gland of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula). J. Endocrinol. 54:343-344.
215. Schaeffer, J.G. 1921. Beiträge zur Physiologie des Farbenwechsels der Fische. Arch. Physiol. 188:25-42.
216. Sekine, Y. and R. Yui. 1981. Immunohistochemical study of the pancreatic endocrine cells of the ray, Dasyatis akajei. Arch. Histol. Jpn. 44:95-101.
217. Shaw, C., V.P. Whittaker, and D.V. Agoston. 1990. Characterization of gastrin-releasing peptide immunoreactivity in distinct storage particles in guinea pig myenteric and Torpedo electromotor neurones. Peptides 11:69-74.
218. Sheikh, S.P 1991. Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY: major modulators of gastrointestinal blood flow and function. Am. J. Physiol. 261:G701-G715.
219. Sherwood, N.M. and D.A. Lovejoy. 1993. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in cartilaginous fishes: structure, location, and transport. Environ. Biol. Fish. 38:197-208.
220. Sherwood, N.M. and S.A. Sower. 1985. A new family member for gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Neuropeptides 6:205-214.
221. Shimamura, S., K. Okamoto, M. Nakamura, A. Tanaka, and H. Yajima. 1978. Synthesis of the nonatriacon- tapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of dogfish adrenocorticotropin. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 12:170-172.
222. Silva, P., J.S. Stoff, D.R. Leone, and F.H. Epstein. 1985. Mode of action of somatostatin to inhibit secretion by shark rectal gland. Am. J. Physiol. 249:R329-R334.
223. Silva, P., S. Lear, S. Reichlin, and F.H. Epstein. 1990. Somatostatin mediates bombesin inhibition of chloride secretion by rectal gland. Am. J. Physiol. 258:R1459-R1463.
224. Silva, P., F.H. Epstein, K.J. Karnaky, Jr., S. Reichlin, and J.N. Forrest, Jr. 1993. Neuropeptide Y inhibits chloride secretion in the shark rectal gland. Am. J. Physiol. 265: R439-R446.
225. Silva, P, R.J. Solomon, and F.H. Epstein. 1999. Mode of activation of salt secretion by C-type natriuretic peptide in the shark rectal gland. Am. J. Physiol. 277:R1725-R1732.
226. Simpson, T.H. and C.S. Wardle. 1967. A seasonal cycle in the testis of the spurdog, Squalus acanthias, and the sites of 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 47:699-708.
227. Simpson, T.H., R.S. Wright, and H. Gottfried. 1963. Steroids in the semen of dogfish Squalus acanthias. J. Endocrinol. 26:489-498.
228. Simpson, T.H., R.S. Wright, and J. Renfrew. 1964. Steroid biosynthesis in the semen of dogfish Squalus acanthias. J. Endocrinol. 31:11-20.
229. Sisneros, J.A. and T.C. Tricas. 2000. Androgen-induced changes in the response dynamics of ampullary electrosensory primary afferent neurons. J. Neurosci. 20:8586-8595.
230. Snelson, F.F., Jr., L.E. Rasmussen, M.R. Johnson, and D.L. Hess. 1997. Serum concentrations of steroid hormones during reproduction in the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 108:67-79.
231. Song, L., PL. Ryan, D.G. Porter, and B.L. Coomber. 2001. Effects of relaxin on matrix remodeling enzyme activity of cultured equine ovarian stromal cells. Anim. Reprod. Sci 66:239-255.
232. Sorbera, L.A. and I.P. Callard. 1995. Myometrium of the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias: peptide and steroid regulation. Am. J. Physiol. 269:R389-R397.
233. Sourdaine, P. and D.H. Garnier. 1993. Stage-dependent modulation of Sertoli cell steroid production in dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula). J. Reprod. Fertil. 97:133-142.
234. Sourdaine, P., D.H. Garnier, and B. Jegou. 1990. The adult dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.) testis: a model to study stage-dependent changes in steroid levels during spermatogenesis. J. Endocrinol. 127:451-460.
235. Steinetz, B.G., E.M. O’Byrne, M. Butler, and L. Hickman. 1983. Hormonal regulation of the connective tissue of the symphysis pubis, in Biology of Relaxin and Its Role in the Human. M. Bigazzi, F. Greenwood, and F. Gasparri, Eds., Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 71-92.
236. Steinetz, B.G., C. Schwabe, I.P Callard, and L.T. Goldsmith. 1998. Dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) testes contain a relaxin. J. Androl. 19:110-115.
237. Stell, W.K. 1984. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)- and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-immu- noreactive neurons in the terminal nerve of spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias. Anat. Rec. 208:173A-174A.
238. Sumpter, J.P, B.K. Follett, N. Jenkins, and J.M. Dodd. 1978a. Studies on the purification and properties of gonadotrophin from ventral lobes of the pituitary gland of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 36:264-274.
239. Sumpter, J.P, N. Jenkins, and J.M. Dodd. 1978b. Gonadotrophic hormone in the pituitary gland of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.): distribution and physiological significance. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 36:275-285.
240. Sumpter, J.P, N. Jenkins, and J.M. Dodd. 1978c. Hormonal control of steroidogenesis in an elasmobranch fish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.): studies using a specific anti-gonadotrophic antibody (proceedings). J. Endocrinol. 79:28P-29P
241. Sumpter, J.P, N. Jenkins, R.T. Duggan, and J.M. Dodd. 1980. The steroidogenic effects of pituitary extracts from a range of elasmobranch species on isolated testicular cells of quail and their neutralisation by a dogfish anti-gonadotropin. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 40:331.
242. Sumpter, J.P, PA. Denning-Kendall, and PJ. Lowry. 1984. The involvement of melanotrophins in physiological colour change in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 56:360-367.
243. Tagliafierro, G., G. Faraldi, and M. Pestarino. 1985. Interrelationships between somatostatin-like cells and other endocrine cells in the pancreas of some cartilaginous fish. Cell. Mol. Biol. 31:201-207.
244. Tagliafierro, G., L. Farina, G. Faraldi, G.G. Rossi, and M. Vacchi. 1989. Distribution of somatostatin and glucagon immunoreactive cells in the gastric mucosa of some cartilaginous fishes. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 75:1-9.
245. Takagi, T., N. Suzuki, Y. Sasayama, and A. Kambegawa. 1995. Plasma calcitonin levels in the stingray (cartilaginous fish) Dasyatis akajei. Zool. Sci. 10:134.
246. Takei, Y. 2000. Structural and functional evolution of the natriuretic peptide system in vertebrates. Int. Rev. Cytol. 194:1-66.
247. Takei, Y., Y. Hasegawa, T.X. Watanabe, K. Nakajima, and N. Hazon. 1993. A novel angiotensin I isolated from an elasmobranch fish. J. Endocrinol. 139:281-285.
248. Thiebold, J.J. 1953. Action du benzoate d’oestradiol sur la differenciation sexuelle des embryons de Scyl- liorhinus canicula. C. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 236:2174-2175.
249. Thiebold, J.J. 1954. Étude preliminaire de l’action des hormones sexuelles sur la morphogenese des voies genitales chez Scylliorhinus canicula L. Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg. 88:130-145.
250. Thorndyke, M.C. and T.J. Shuttleworth. 1985. Biochemical and physiological studies on peptides from the elasmobranch gut. Peptides 6(Suppl. 3):369-372.
251. Tierney, M., Y. Takei, and N. Hazon. 1997. The presence of angiotensin II receptors in elasmobranchs. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 105:9-17.
252. Torres, P., L. Tort, J. Planas, and R. Flos. 1986. Effect of confinement stress and additional zinc treatment on some blood parameters in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 83:89-92.
253. Tort, L., F. Gonzalez-Arch, and J. Balasch. 1994. Plasma glucose and lactate and hematological changes after handling stresses in the dogfish. Rev. Esp. Fisiol. 50: 41-46.
254. Tricas, T.C., S.W. Michael, and J.A. Sisneros. 1995. Electrosensory optimization to conspecific phasic signals for mating. Neurosci. Lett. 202:129-132.
255. Tricas, T.C., K.P Maruska, and L.E. Rasmussen. 2000. Annual cycles of steroid hormone production, gonad development, and reproductive behavior in the Atlantic stingray. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 118:209-225.
256. Tsang, PC. and I.P Callard. 1987a. Luteal progesterone production and regulation in the viviparous dogfish, Squalus acanthias. J. Exp. Zool. 241:377-382.
257. Tsang, PC. and I.P Callard. 1987b. Morphological and endocrine correlates of the reproductive cycle of the aplacental viviparous dogfish, Squalus acanthias. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 66:182-189.
258. Tsang, PC. and I.P Callard. 1992. Regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro in the viviparous shark, Squalus acanthias. J. Exp. Zool. 261:97-104.
259. Uva, B., M.A. Masini, N. Hazon, L.B. O’Toole, I.W. Henderson, and P Ghiani. 1992. Renin and angiotensin converting enzyme in elasmobranchs. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 86:407-412.
260. Vallarino, M. and I. Ottonello. 1987. Neuronal localization of immunoreactive adrenocorticotropin-like substance in the hypothalamus of elasmobranch fishes. Neurosci. Lett. 80:1-6.
261. Vallarino, M., J.M. Danger, A. Fasolo, G. Pelletier, S. Saint-Pierre, and H. Vaudry. 1988a. Distribution and characterization of neuropeptide Y in the brain of an elasmobranch fish. Brain. Res. 448:67-76.
262. Vallarino, M., C. Delbende, S. Jegou, and H. Vaudry. 1988b. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha- MSH) in the brain of the cartilagenous fish. Immunohistochemical localization and biochemical characterization. Peptides 9:899-907.
263. Vallarino, M., A.C. Andersen, C. Delbende, I. Ottonello, A.N. Eberle, and H. Vaudry. 1989. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) immunoreactivity in the brain and pituitary of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Colocalization with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in hypothalamic neurons. Peptides 10:375-382.
264. Vallarino, M., M. Feuilloley, F. Vandesande, and H. Vaudry. 1991. Immunohistochemical mapping of galanin- like immunoreactivity in the brain of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Peptides 12:351-357.
265. Vigna, S.R. 1979. Distinction between cholecystokinin-like and gastrin-like biological activities extracted from gastrointestinal tissues of some lower vertebrates. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 39:512-520.
266. Vigna, S.R. 1983. Evolution of endocrine regulation of gastrointestinal function in lower vertebrates. Am. Zool. 23:729-738.
267. Visconti, M.A. and A.M. Castrucci. 1993. Melanotropin receptors in the lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa, and in the cartilaginous fish, Potamotrygon reticularis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 106:523-528.
268. Visconti, M.A., G.C. Ramanzini, C.R. Camargo, and A.M. Castrucci. 1999. Elasmobranch color change: a short review and novel data on hormone regulation. J. Exp. Zool. 284:485-491.
269. Volkoff, H., J.P. Wourms, E. Amesbury, and F.F. Snelson. 1999. Structure of the thyroid gland, serum thyroid hormones, and the reproductive cycle of the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. J. Exp. Zool. 284:505-516.
270. Waring, H. 1936. Colour change in the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula). Proc. Liverpool Biol. Soc. 49:17-68.
271. Watson, R.R. and K.A. Dickson. 2001. Enzyme activities support the use of liver lipid-derived ketone bodies as aerobic fuels in muscle tissues of active sharks. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 74:273-282.
272. Weiss, G. 1989. Relaxin in the male. Biol. Reprod. 40:197-200.
273. Wells, A., W.G. Anderson, and N. Hazon. 2002. Development of an in situ perfused kidney preparation for elasmobranch fish: action of arginine vasotocin. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 282:R1636-R1642.
274. Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. and P.K.T. Pang. 1991. Control of calcium regulating hormones in the vertebrates: parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, prolactin, and stanniocalcin. Int. Rev. Cytol. 128:139-213.
275. White, J. and M. Meredith. 1995. Nervus terminalis ganglion of the bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo): evidence for cholinergic and catecholaminergic influence on two cell types distinguished by peptide immunocytochemistry. J. Comp. Neurol. 351:385-403.
276. Wilson, J.F. and J.M. Dodd. 1973a. Effects of pharmacological agents on the in vivo release of melanophore- stimulating hormone in the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 20:556-566.
277. Wilson, J.F. and J.M. Dodd. 1973b. The role of melanophore-stimulating hormone in melanogenesis in the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula L. J. Endocrinol. 58:685-686.
278. Wilson, J.F. and J.M. Dodd. 1973c. The role of the pineal complex and lateral eyes in the colour change response of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula L. J. Endocrinol. 58:591-598.
279. Wourms, J.P. 1977. Reproduction and development of chondrichthyan fishes. Am. Zool. 17:379-410.
280. Wright, D.E. and L.S. Demski. 1991. Gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunoreactivity in the mesencephalon of sharks and rays. J. Comp. Neurol. 307:49-56.
281. Wright, D.E. and L.S. Demski. 1993. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pathways and reproductive control in elasmobranchs. Environ. Biol. Fish. 38:209-218.
282. Yamaguchi, K., A. Yasuda, U.J. Lewis, Y. Yokoo, and H. Kawauchi. 1989. The complete amino acid sequence of growth hormone of an elasmobranch, the blue shark (Prionace glauca). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 73:252-259.
283. Yamamoto, K., N. Suzuki, N. Takahashi, Y. Sasayama, and S. Kikuyama. 1999. Estrogen receptors in the stingray (Dasyatis akajei) ultimobranchial gland. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 110:107-114.
284. Zaidi, M., A.M. Inzerillo, B.S. Moonga, P.J. Bevis, and C.L. Huang. 2002. Forty years of calcitonin — where are we now? A tribute to the work of Iain Macintyre, FRS. Bone 30:655-663.