메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 281, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 373-399

Sex determination and primary sex differentiation in amphibians: Genetic and developmental mechanisms

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0032145044     PISSN: 0022104X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19980801)281:5<373::AID-JEZ4>3.0.CO;2-L     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (299)

References (311)
  • 1
    • 2642622468 scopus 로고
    • Experimental reversal in salamanders by injection of oestrone
    • Ackart, R.J., and S. Leavy (1939) Experimental reversal in salamanders by injection of oestrone. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 42:720.
    • (1939) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.42 , pp. 720
    • Ackart, R.J.1    Leavy, S.2
  • 2
    • 0001872101 scopus 로고
    • Early organizational effects of hormones, an evolutionary perspective
    • N.T. Adler, ed. Plenum Press, New York
    • Adkins-Regan, E. (1981) Early organizational effects of hormones, an evolutionary perspective. In: Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction: Physiology and Behavior. N.T. Adler, ed. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 159-227.
    • (1981) Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction: Physiology and Behavior , pp. 159-227
    • Adkins-Regan, E.1
  • 4
    • 2642592909 scopus 로고
    • An important period in the history of the sex-cells of Rana pipiens
    • Allen, B.M. (1907) An important period in the history of the sex-cells of Rana pipiens. Anat. Anz., 31:339-347.
    • (1907) Anat. Anz. , vol.31 , pp. 339-347
    • Allen, B.M.1
  • 5
    • 2642695597 scopus 로고
    • The origin of the sex-cells in Necturus
    • Allen, B.M. (1911) The origin of the sex-cells in Necturus. Science, 33:268-269.
    • (1911) Science , vol.33 , pp. 268-269
    • Allen, B.M.1
  • 6
    • 33746008182 scopus 로고
    • The results of thyroid removal in the larvae of Rana pipiens
    • Allen, B.M. (1918) The results of thyroid removal in the larvae of Rana pipiens. J. Exp. Zool., 24:499-519.
    • (1918) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.24 , pp. 499-519
    • Allen, B.M.1
  • 7
    • 0015132284 scopus 로고
    • An ultrastructural study of primordial germ cells, oogonia and early oocytes in Xenopus laevis
    • Al-Mukhtar, K.A.K., and A.C. Webb (1971) An ultrastructural study of primordial germ cells, oogonia and early oocytes in Xenopus laevis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 26:195-217.
    • (1971) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.26 , pp. 195-217
    • Al-Mukhtar, K.A.K.1    Webb, A.C.2
  • 8
    • 2642623476 scopus 로고
    • Effects of androgenic hormone on the development of gonads of Hynobuis nebulosus
    • Amanuma, A. (1961) Effects of androgenic hormone on the development of gonads of Hynobuis nebulosus. J.Biol. Osaka City Univ., 12:9-19.
    • (1961) J.Biol. Osaka City Univ. , vol.12 , pp. 9-19
    • Amanuma, A.1
  • 9
    • 0007427784 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of the effect of androgen on the gonadal development in amphibia
    • Amanuma, A. (1963a) Comparative study of the effect of androgen on the gonadal development in amphibia. J. Biol. Osaka Univ., 14:25-46.
    • (1963) J. Biol. Osaka Univ. , vol.14 , pp. 25-46
    • Amanuma, A.1
  • 10
    • 0007395106 scopus 로고
    • Modification of gonadal development in Rhacophorus schlegelli arborea to the treatment with methyltestosterone
    • Amanuma, A. (1963b) Modification of gonadal development in Rhacophorus schlegelli arborea to the treatment with methyltestosterone. J. Biol. Osaka City Univ., 14:15-24.
    • (1963) J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. , vol.14 , pp. 15-24
    • Amanuma, A.1
  • 11
    • 0001092538 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome evolution in holarctic Hyla treefrogs
    • D.M. Green and S.K. Session, eds. San Diego
    • Anderson, K. (1991) Chromosome evolution in holarctic Hyla treefrogs. In: Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution. D.M. Green and S.K. Session, eds. San Diego, pp. 299-331.
    • (1991) Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution , pp. 299-331
    • Anderson, K.1
  • 12
    • 0344968453 scopus 로고
    • Effect of pituitary proteins on the sex differentiation of gonads in urodela
    • Asayama, S. (1955) Effect of pituitary proteins on the sex differentiation of gonads in urodela. J. Inst. Polytech., Osaka City Univ. Ser. D, 6:57-66.
    • (1955) J. Inst. Polytech., Osaka City Univ. Ser. D , vol.6 , pp. 57-66
    • Asayama, S.1
  • 13
    • 2642667333 scopus 로고
    • Modification of sex development in Hynobius nebulosus by administration of methyl-testosterone
    • Asayama, S., and A. Amanuma (1957) Modification of sex development in Hynobius nebulosus by administration of methyl-testosterone. J. Instit. Polytech., Osaka City Univ. Ser. D, 10:129-141.
    • (1957) J. Instit. Polytech., Osaka City Univ. Ser. D , vol.10 , pp. 129-141
    • Asayama, S.1    Amanuma, A.2
  • 14
    • 2642631615 scopus 로고
    • Responses of the gonads of Triturus pyrrhogaster larvae to the administration of methyltestosterone
    • Asayama, S., and H. Matsuzaki (1958) Responses of the gonads of Triturus pyrrhogaster larvae to the administration of methyltestosterone. Zool. Mag., 67:133-137.
    • (1958) Zool. Mag. , vol.67 , pp. 133-137
    • Asayama, S.1    Matsuzaki, H.2
  • 15
    • 2642625549 scopus 로고
    • Responses of larval gonads in Hynobius nebulosus to the administration of estrogen
    • Asayama, S., and H. Miyamori (1957) Responses of larval gonads in Hynobius nebulosus to the administration of estrogen. J. Inst. Polytech., Osaka City Univ. Ser. D, 8:128-137.
    • (1957) J. Inst. Polytech., Osaka City Univ. Ser. D , vol.8 , pp. 128-137
    • Asayama, S.1    Miyamori, H.2
  • 16
    • 85038536839 scopus 로고
    • Studî sulla prima origine delle cellule genitali nei vertebrati. II. Ricerche nella Salamandria perspicillata
    • Beccari, N. (1922) Studî sulla prima origine delle cellule genitali nei vertebrati. II. Ricerche nella Salamandria perspicillata. Arch. Ital. di Anat. e di Embriol., 18(Suppl.): 29-95.
    • (1922) Arch. Ital. di Anat. e di Embriol. , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 29-95
    • Beccari, N.1
  • 17
    • 85038529699 scopus 로고
    • Studî sulla prima origine delle cellule genitali nei vertbrati. III. Ricerche nel Bufo viridis
    • Beccari, N. (1924) Studî sulla prima origine delle cellule genitali nei vertbrati. III. Ricerche nel Bufo viridis. Arch. Ital. Anat. Embryol., 21:332-374.
    • (1924) Arch. Ital. Anat. Embryol. , vol.21 , pp. 332-374
    • Beccari, N.1
  • 18
    • 2542494957 scopus 로고
    • Ovogenesi larvale, organo del Bidder e differenziamento dei sessi nel Bufo viridis
    • Beccari, N. (1926) Ovogenesi larvale, organo del Bidder e differenziamento dei sessi nel Bufo viridis. Arch. Ital. Anat. Embriol., 22:483-549.
    • (1926) Arch. Ital. Anat. Embriol. , vol.22 , pp. 483-549
    • Beccari, N.1
  • 19
    • 0016718126 scopus 로고
    • Possible role for H-Y antigen in the primary determination of sex
    • Bennet, D., E.A. Boyse, et al. (1975) Possible role for H-Y antigen in the primary determination of sex. Nature, 257:235-238.
    • (1975) Nature , vol.257 , pp. 235-238
    • Bennet, D.1    Boyse, E.A.2
  • 21
    • 0000419615 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to the study of germ cells in anura
    • Blackler, A. (1958) Contribution to the study of germ cells in anura. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 6:491-503.
    • (1958) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.6 , pp. 491-503
    • Blackler, A.1
  • 22
    • 0000705383 scopus 로고
    • Transfer of primordial germ-cells between two subspecies of Xenopus laevis
    • Blackler, A.W. (1962) Transfer of primordial germ-cells between two subspecies of Xenopus laevis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 10:641-651.
    • (1962) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.10 , pp. 641-651
    • Blackler, A.W.1
  • 24
    • 0017144423 scopus 로고
    • Polyploid amphibians: Three more diploid-tetraploid cryptic species of frogs
    • Bogart, J.P., and M. Tandy (1976) Polyploid amphibians: Three more diploid-tetraploid cryptic species of frogs. Science, 193:334-335.
    • (1976) Science , vol.193 , pp. 334-335
    • Bogart, J.P.1    Tandy, M.2
  • 25
    • 0343068881 scopus 로고
    • Electrophoretic identification of Ambystoma lataerale and Ambystoma texanum as well as their diploid and triploid interspecific hybrids (Amphibia: Caudata) on Pelee Island, Ontario
    • Bogart, J.P., L.E. Licht, M.J. Oldham, and S.S. Darbyshire (1985) Electrophoretic identification of Ambystoma lataerale and Ambystoma texanum as well as their diploid and triploid interspecific hybrids (Amphibia: Caudata) on Pelee Island, Ontario. Can. J. Zool., 63:340-347.
    • (1985) Can. J. Zool. , vol.63 , pp. 340-347
    • Bogart, J.P.1    Licht, L.E.2    Oldham, M.J.3    Darbyshire, S.S.4
  • 26
    • 85038532335 scopus 로고
    • Studî sulla prima origine delle cellule genitali nei vertebrati: III. Ricerche nel Bufo viridis
    • Bouin, M. (1901) Studî sulla prima origine delle cellule genitali nei vertebrati: III. Ricerche nel Bufo viridis. Arch. Biol., 17:201-381.
    • (1901) Arch. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 201-381
    • Bouin, M.1
  • 27
    • 85006475786 scopus 로고
    • L'origine des gonocytes et l'evolution de la première ébauche génitale chez les batraciens
    • Bounoure, L. (1925) L'origine des gonocytes et l'evolution de la première ébauche génitale chez les batraciens. Ann. Soc. Nat. Zool., 8:201-278.
    • (1925) Ann. Soc. Nat. Zool. , vol.8 , pp. 201-278
    • Bounoure, L.1
  • 28
    • 0022220627 scopus 로고
    • Sex ratio and nest temperature in turtles: Comparing field and laboratory data
    • Bull, J. (1985) Sex ratio and nest temperature in turtles: Comparing field and laboratory data. Ecology, 66:1115-1122.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 1115-1122
    • Bull, J.1
  • 29
    • 0001187045 scopus 로고
    • Sex determining temperatures in turtles: A geographic comparison
    • Bull, J., R. Vogt, and J. McCoy (1982) Sex determining temperatures in turtles: A geographic comparison. Evolution, 36:326-332.
    • (1982) Evolution , vol.36 , pp. 326-332
    • Bull, J.1    Vogt, R.2    McCoy, J.3
  • 30
    • 0023055427 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian X and Y crossover
    • Burgoyne, P. (1986) Mammalian X and Y crossover. Nature, 319:258-259.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.319 , pp. 258-259
    • Burgoyne, P.1
  • 31
    • 84982060099 scopus 로고
    • The process of sex transformation in parabiotic Amblystoma: I. Transformation from female to male
    • Burns, R.K. (1930) The process of sex transformation in parabiotic Amblystoma: I. Transformation from female to male. J. Exp. Zool., 55:123-169.
    • (1930) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.55 , pp. 123-169
    • Burns, R.K.1
  • 32
    • 85038530265 scopus 로고
    • The effects of crystalline sex hormones on sex differentiation in Amblystoma: I. Estrone
    • Burns, R.K. (1938) The effects of crystalline sex hormones on sex differentiation in Amblystoma: I. Estrone. Anat. Rec., 71:447-467.
    • (1938) Anat. Rec. , vol.71 , pp. 447-467
    • Burns, R.K.1
  • 33
    • 85027472034 scopus 로고
    • The effects of crystalline sex hormones on sex differentiation in Amblystoma
    • Burns, R.K. (1939) The effects of crystalline sex hormones on sex differentiation in Amblystoma. Anat. Rec., 73:73-93.
    • (1939) Anat. Rec. , vol.73 , pp. 73-93
    • Burns, R.K.1
  • 34
    • 2642621438 scopus 로고
    • Hormones and the differentiation of sex
    • Burns, R.K. (1949) Hormones and the differentiation of sex. Surv. Biol. Progr., 1:233-266.
    • (1949) Surv. Biol. Progr. , vol.1 , pp. 233-266
    • Burns, R.K.1
  • 35
    • 0002083569 scopus 로고
    • Role of hormones in the differentiation of sex
    • W.C. Young, ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore
    • Burns, R.K. (1961) Role of hormones in the differentiation of sex. In: Sex and Internal Secretions. W.C. Young, ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 76-158.
    • (1961) Sex and Internal Secretions , pp. 76-158
    • Burns, R.K.1
  • 36
    • 84981839565 scopus 로고
    • Parabiosis and gonad transplantation in Xenopus laevis Daudin
    • Chang, C.-Y. (1953) Parabiosis and gonad transplantation in Xenopus laevis Daudin. J. Exp. Zool., 123:1-27.
    • (1953) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.123 , pp. 1-27
    • Chang, C.-Y.1
  • 37
    • 0013565856 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal influences on sex differentiation in the toad Bufo americanus
    • Chang, C.-Y. (1955) Hormonal influences on sex differentiation in the toad Bufo americanus. Anat. Rec., 123:467-485.
    • (1955) Anat. Rec. , vol.123 , pp. 467-485
    • Chang, C.-Y.1
  • 38
    • 0013620894 scopus 로고
    • Breeding of sex-reversed males of Xenopus laevis Daudin
    • Chang, C.-Y., and E. Witschi (1955a) Breeding of sex-reversed males of Xenopus laevis Daudin. Soc. Exp. Biol., 89:150-151.
    • (1955) Soc. Exp. Biol. , vol.89 , pp. 150-151
    • Chang, C.-Y.1    Witschi, E.2
  • 39
    • 84961014614 scopus 로고
    • Genic and hormonal reversal of sex differentiation in Xenopus
    • Chang, C.-Y., and E. Witschi (1955b) Genic and hormonal reversal of sex differentiation in Xenopus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 93:140-144.
    • (1955) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.93 , pp. 140-144
    • Chang, C.-Y.1    Witschi, E.2
  • 40
    • 84960987953 scopus 로고
    • Independence of adrenal hyperplasia and gonadal masculinization in the experimental adrenogenital syndrome of frogs
    • Chang, C.-Y., and E. Witschi (1955c) Independence of adrenal hyperplasia and gonadal masculinization in the experimental adrenogenital syndrome of frogs. Endocrinology, 56:597-605.
    • (1955) Endocrinology , vol.56 , pp. 597-605
    • Chang, C.-Y.1    Witschi, E.2
  • 41
    • 0039638363 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between the age and metamorphic progress and the development of tadpole ovaries
    • Chang, L.-T., and C.-Y. Hsu, (1987) The relationship between the age and metamorphic progress and the development of tadpole ovaries. Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. B. ROC, 11:211-217.
    • (1987) Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. B. ROC , vol.11 , pp. 211-217
    • Chang, L.-T.1    Hsu, C.-Y.2
  • 43
    • 0029015343 scopus 로고
    • Aromatase activity in larval gonads of Pleurodeles watl (Urodele Amphibia) during normal sex differentiation and during sex reversal by thermal treatment effect
    • Chardard, D., G. Desvages, C. Pican, and C. Dournon (1995) Aromatase activity in larval gonads of Pleurodeles watl (Urodele Amphibia) during normal sex differentiation and during sex reversal by thermal treatment effect. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 99:100-107.
    • (1995) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.99 , pp. 100-107
    • Chardard, D.1    Desvages, G.2    Pican, C.3    Dournon, C.4
  • 44
    • 34347167180 scopus 로고
    • The germ cell history of Rana cantabrigensis (Baird): I. Germ cell origin and gonad formation
    • Cheng, T.H. (1932) The germ cell history of Rana cantabrigensis (Baird): I. Germ cell origin and gonad formation. Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat., 16:497-541.
    • (1932) Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. , vol.16 , pp. 497-541
    • Cheng, T.H.1
  • 45
    • 0038731570 scopus 로고
    • An unusual situation in the salamander Ambystoma jeffersonium (Green)
    • Clanton, W. (1934) An unusual situation in the salamander Ambystoma jeffersonium (Green). Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 290:1-14.
    • (1934) Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. , vol.290 , pp. 1-14
    • Clanton, W.1
  • 46
    • 0027938481 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous sex reversal in Pleurodeles watl (urodele amphibia): Analysis of its inheritance
    • Collenot, A., D. Durand, M. Lauther, R. Dorazi, J.-C. Lacroix, and C. Dournon (1994) Spontaneous sex reversal in Pleurodeles watl (urodele amphibia): Analysis of its inheritance. Genet. Res., 64:43-50.
    • (1994) Genet. Res. , vol.64 , pp. 43-50
    • Collenot, A.1    Durand, D.2    Lauther, M.3    Dorazi, R.4    Lacroix, J.-C.5    Dournon, C.6
  • 47
    • 0018871815 scopus 로고
    • Steroid hormone biosynthesis by male Bidder's organs of the toad Bufo bufo bufo (L.)
    • Colombo, L., and P. Colombo-Belvedere (1980) Steroid hormone biosynthesis by male Bidder's organs of the toad Bufo bufo bufo (L.). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 40:320-321.
    • (1980) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.40 , pp. 320-321
    • Colombo, L.1    Colombo-Belvedere, P.2
  • 48
    • 0023523221 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive variation in environmental and genetic sex determination in a fish
    • Conover, D., and S. Heins (1987) Adaptive variation in environmental and genetic sex determination in a fish. Nature, 362:496-498.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.362 , pp. 496-498
    • Conover, D.1    Heins, S.2
  • 49
    • 0013615877 scopus 로고
    • Sex-reversal in frogs and toads. A review of the recorded cases of abnormality of the reproductive system and an account of a breeding experiment
    • Crew, F.A.B. (1921) Sex-reversal in frogs and toads. A review of the recorded cases of abnormality of the reproductive system and an account of a breeding experiment. J. Genet, 11:141-181.
    • (1921) J. Genet , vol.11 , pp. 141-181
    • Crew, F.A.B.1
  • 50
    • 0342777326 scopus 로고
    • Steroid excretion by larval toads
    • Dale, E. (1962) Steroid excretion by larval toads. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 2:171-176.
    • (1962) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.2 , pp. 171-176
    • Dale, E.1
  • 51
    • 2642688485 scopus 로고
    • Recherches sur la cellule génitale et la gonade
    • Dantchakoff, V. (1932) Recherches sur la cellule génitale et la gonade. C.R. Seanc. Soc. Biol. ses Fil., 113:874.
    • (1932) C.R. Seanc. Soc. Biol. Ses Fil. , vol.113 , pp. 874
    • Dantchakoff, V.1
  • 52
    • 2642625548 scopus 로고
    • Formation d'ébouches gonadiques stériles déterminées par des cellules germinales altérées ou mortes
    • Paris
    • Dantchakoff, V. (1933) Formation d'ébouches gonadiques stériles déterminées par des cellules germinales altérées ou mortes. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 151:1088-1089.
    • (1933) C.R. Soc. Biol. , vol.151 , pp. 1088-1089
    • Dantchakoff, V.1
  • 53
    • 0042119051 scopus 로고
    • Induction of triploidy by hydrostatic pressure in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens
    • Dasgupta, S. (1962) Induction of triploidy by hydrostatic pressure in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens. J. Exp. Zool., 151:105-116.
    • (1962) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.151 , pp. 105-116
    • Dasgupta, S.1
  • 55
    • 0010353670 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental aspects of sex determination in cold blooded vertebrates
    • Dodd, J.M. (1960) Genetic and environmental aspects of sex determination in cold blooded vertebrates. Mem. Soc. Endocrinol., 7:17-44.
    • (1960) Mem. Soc. Endocrinol. , vol.7 , pp. 17-44
    • Dodd, J.M.1
  • 56
    • 0021146497 scopus 로고
    • Démonstration génétique de l'inversion fonctionnelle du phénotype sexuel femelle sous l'action de la température d'élevage chez l'amphibien urodéle: Pleurodeles waltlii michah
    • Dournon, C., and C. Houillon (1984) Démonstration génétique de l'inversion fonctionnelle du phénotype sexuel femelle sous l'action de la température d'élevage chez l'amphibien urodéle: Pleurodeles waltlii michah. Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 24:361-378.
    • (1984) Reprod. Nutr. Dev. , vol.24 , pp. 361-378
    • Dournon, C.1    Houillon, C.2
  • 57
    • 0024243779 scopus 로고
    • Sex-linked peptidase-1 patterns in Pleurodeles waltlii Michah (Urodele Amphibian): Genetic evidence for a new codominant allele of ZZ, ZW, and WW sexual genotypes
    • Dournon, C., A. Collenot, and M. Lauthier (1988) Sex-linked peptidase-1 patterns in Pleurodeles waltlii Michah (Urodele Amphibian): Genetic evidence for a new codominant allele of ZZ, ZW, and WW sexual genotypes. Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 28:979-987.
    • (1988) Reprod. Nutr. Dev. , vol.28 , pp. 979-987
    • Dournon, C.1    Collenot, A.2    Lauthier, M.3
  • 58
    • 0021740654 scopus 로고
    • Cytogenetic and genetic evidence of male sexual reversion by heat treatment in the newt Pleurodeles poireti
    • Dournon, C., F. Guillet, D. Boucher, and J.-C. Lacroix (1984) Cytogenetic and genetic evidence of male sexual reversion by heat treatment in the newt Pleurodeles poireti. Chromosoma, 90:261-264.
    • (1984) Chromosoma , vol.90 , pp. 261-264
    • Dournon, C.1    Guillet, F.2    Boucher, D.3    Lacroix, J.-C.4
  • 59
    • 0025308713 scopus 로고
    • Temperature sex-reversal in amphibians and reptiles
    • Dournon, C., C. Houillon, and C. Pieau (1990) Temperature sex-reversal in amphibians and reptiles. Int. J. Dev. Biol., 34:81-92.
    • (1990) Int. J. Dev. Biol. , vol.34 , pp. 81-92
    • Dournon, C.1    Houillon, C.2    Pieau, C.3
  • 60
    • 0342634616 scopus 로고
    • Unisexual Ambystoma from the Bass Islands of Lake Erie
    • Downs, F.L. (1978) Unisexual Ambystoma from the Bass Islands of Lake Erie. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 685:1-36.
    • (1978) Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. , vol.685 , pp. 1-36
    • Downs, F.L.1
  • 61
    • 2642700852 scopus 로고
    • Recherches sur l'origin des gonocytes chez les amphibians
    • Dustin, A.P. (1907) Recherches sur l'origin des gonocytes chez les amphibians. Arch. Biol., 23:411-522.
    • (1907) Arch. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 411-522
    • Dustin, A.P.1
  • 62
    • 0023682763 scopus 로고
    • An in vitro model of gonad differentiation in the chicken. Estradiol-induced sex-inversion results in the occurrence of serological H-Y antigen
    • Ebensperger, C., U. Drews, and U. Wolf (1988) An in vitro model of gonad differentiation in the chicken. Estradiol-induced sex-inversion results in the occurrence of serological H-Y antigen. Differentiation, 37:192-197.
    • (1988) Differentiation , vol.37 , pp. 192-197
    • Ebensperger, C.1    Drews, U.2    Wolf, U.3
  • 63
    • 0019479316 scopus 로고
    • H-Y antigen as a tool for the determination of the heterogametic sex in Amphibia
    • Engel, W., and M. Schmid (1981) H-Y antigen as a tool for the determination of the heterogametic sex in Amphibia. Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 30:130-136.
    • (1981) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. , vol.30 , pp. 130-136
    • Engel, W.1    Schmid, M.2
  • 64
    • 2642629568 scopus 로고
    • The effect of pregneninolone on sex differentiation in the tadpole
    • Eversole, W.J., and S.A. D'Angelo (1942) The effect of pregneninolone on sex differentiation in the tadpole. Anat. Rec., 82:464.
    • (1942) Anat. Rec. , vol.82 , pp. 464
    • Eversole, W.J.1    D'Angelo, S.A.2
  • 65
    • 0001195025 scopus 로고
    • Etude électrophorétique des peptidases érythrocytaires chez Pleurodeles waltlii (Amphibien Urodèle): Mise en évidence d'une liaison avec le sexe
    • Ferrier, V., A. Jaylet, C. Cayrol, F. Gasser, and J.J. Buisan (1980) Etude électrophorétique des peptidases érythrocytaires chez Pleurodeles waltlii (Amphibien Urodèle): Mise en évidence d'une liaison avec le sexe. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris (D), 290:511-574.
    • (1980) C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris (D) , vol.290 , pp. 511-574
    • Ferrier, V.1    Jaylet, A.2    Cayrol, C.3    Gasser, F.4    Buisan, J.J.5
  • 66
    • 2642631614 scopus 로고
    • Influence of sex hormones on development and differentiation of gonads in Amblystoma
    • Foote, C.L. (1940) Influence of sex hormones on development and differentiation of gonads in Amblystoma. Anat. Rec., 76:88.
    • (1940) Anat. Rec. , vol.76 , pp. 88
    • Foote, C.L.1
  • 67
    • 84982064645 scopus 로고
    • Modification of sex development in the marbled salamander by administration of synthetic sex hormones
    • Foote, C.L. (1941) Modification of sex development in the marbled salamander by administration of synthetic sex hormones. J. Exp. Zool., 86:291.
    • (1941) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.86 , pp. 291
    • Foote, C.L.1
  • 68
    • 0039751592 scopus 로고
    • Intersexuality in amphibians
    • C.N. Armstrong and A.J. Marshall, eds. Academic Press, New York
    • Foote, C.L. (1964) Intersexuality in amphibians. In: Intersexuality in Vertebrates Including Man. C.N. Armstrong and A.J. Marshall, eds. Academic Press, New York, pp. 233-272.
    • (1964) Intersexuality in Vertebrates Including Man , pp. 233-272
    • Foote, C.L.1
  • 69
    • 84873776910 scopus 로고
    • In vitro cultivation of gonads of larval anurans
    • Foote, C.L., and F.M. Foote (1958) In vitro cultivation of gonads of larval anurans. Anat. Rec., 130:301-302.
    • (1958) Anat. Rec. , vol.130 , pp. 301-302
    • Foote, C.L.1    Foote, F.M.2
  • 70
    • 2642592908 scopus 로고
    • Effects in vivo and in vitro of a water soluble testosterone on gonads of two species of anurans
    • Foote, C.L., and F.M. Foote (1959) Effects in vivo and in vitro of a water soluble testosterone on gonads of two species of anurans. Arch. Anat. Micr. Morphol. Exp., 48:31-38.
    • (1959) Arch. Anat. Micr. Morphol. Exp. , vol.48 , pp. 31-38
    • Foote, C.L.1    Foote, F.M.2
  • 71
    • 85027475882 scopus 로고
    • Effect of sex hormones on the gonads of inversion in females: Stability in males
    • Foote, C.L., and E. Witschi (1939) Effect of sex hormones on the gonads of inversion in females: Stability in males. Anat. Rec., 75:75-83.
    • (1939) Anat. Rec. , vol.75 , pp. 75-83
    • Foote, C.L.1    Witschi, E.2
  • 72
    • 85028797919 scopus 로고
    • Sex differentiation in triploid newts (Triturus viridescens)
    • Frankhauser, G. (1940) Sex differentiation in triploid newts (Triturus viridescens). Anat. Rec., 77:227-246.
    • (1940) Anat. Rec. , vol.77 , pp. 227-246
    • Frankhauser, G.1
  • 73
    • 2642657178 scopus 로고
    • Action masculinisante du propionate de testosterone dans la différenciation du sexe, chez Rana temporaria L
    • Gallien, L. (1937) Action masculinisante du propionate de testosterone dans la différenciation du sexe, chez Rana temporaria L. C.R. Acad. Sci., 205:375-376.
    • (1937) C.R. Acad. Sci. , vol.205 , pp. 375-376
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 74
    • 85038533996 scopus 로고
    • Sur l'action amphisexuelle de la dihydrofolliculine dans la différenciation du sexe chez les batraciens
    • Gallien, L. (1940) Sur l'action amphisexuelle de la dihydrofolliculine dans la différenciation du sexe chez les batraciens. C.R. Acad. Sci., 211:665.
    • (1940) C.R. Acad. Sci. , vol.211 , pp. 665
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 75
    • 2642621437 scopus 로고
    • Recherches expérimentales sur l'action amphixesuelle de l'hormone femelle (oestradiol), dans la différenciation du sexe chez Rana temporaria L
    • Gallien, L. (1941) Recherches expérimentales sur l'action amphixesuelle de l'hormone femelle (oestradiol), dans la différenciation du sexe chez Rana temporaria L. Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg., 75:369-397.
    • (1941) Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg. , vol.75 , pp. 369-397
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 76
    • 85038534570 scopus 로고
    • Après la métamorphose, des gonades de Rana temporaria d'une race indifférenciée, après traitment par l'hormone femelle
    • Gallien, L. (1943) Après la métamorphose, des gonades de Rana temporaria d'une race indifférenciée, après traitment par l'hormone femelle. Soc. Biol., 137:9-10.
    • (1943) Soc. Biol. , vol.137 , pp. 9-10
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 77
    • 2642656201 scopus 로고
    • Étude de quelques facteurs intervenant dans l'action des hormones sexuelles au cours de la différenciation du sexe chez les amphibiens anoures
    • Gallien, L. (1950) Étude de quelques facteurs intervenant dans l'action des hormones sexuelles au cours de la différenciation du sexe chez les amphibiens anoures. Bull. Biol. Fr., 84:341-375.
    • (1950) Bull. Biol. Fr. , vol.84 , pp. 341-375
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 78
    • 0008460637 scopus 로고
    • Inversion totale du sexe chez Xenopus laevis Daud. à la suite d'un traitment gynoène par le benzoate of oestradiol, administré pendant la vie larvaire
    • Gallien, L. (1953) Inversion totale du sexe chez Xenopus laevis Daud. à la suite d'un traitment gynoène par le benzoate of oestradiol, administré pendant la vie larvaire. C.R. Acad. Sci., 237:1565-1566.
    • (1953) C.R. Acad. Sci. , vol.237 , pp. 1565-1566
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 79
    • 0001777343 scopus 로고
    • Inversion expérimentale du sexe sous l'action des hormones sexuelles chez le Triton Pleurodeles waltlii Michah. Analyse des conséquences génétiques
    • Gallien, L. (1954) Inversion expérimentale du sexe sous l'action des hormones sexuelles chez le Triton Pleurodeles waltlii Michah. Analyse des conséquences génétiques. Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg., 88:1-51.
    • (1954) Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg. , vol.88 , pp. 1-51
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 80
    • 0037551709 scopus 로고
    • Descendance unisexuée d'une femelle de Xenopus laevis Daud. ayant subi, pendent sa phase larvaire, l'action gynogène du benzoate d'oestradiol
    • Gallien, L. (1955) Descendance unisexuée d'une femelle de Xenopus laevis Daud. ayant subi, pendent sa phase larvaire, l'action gynogène du benzoate d'oestradiol. C.R. Acad. Sci., 240:913-915.
    • (1955) C.R. Acad. Sci. , vol.240 , pp. 913-915
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 81
    • 0001777344 scopus 로고
    • Inversion expérimentale du sexe chez un anoure inférieur Xenopus laevis Daudun. Analyse des conséquences génétiques
    • Gallien, L. (1956) Inversion expérimentale du sexe chez un anoure inférieur Xenopus laevis Daudun. Analyse des conséquences génétiques. Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg., 90:163-183.
    • (1956) Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg. , vol.90 , pp. 163-183
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 82
    • 85038529626 scopus 로고
    • Inversion du phénotype sexuel, altérations de la gonadogenèse et, déterminisme de la différenciation des gonies chez les amphibiens
    • Gallien, L. (1957) Inversion du phénotype sexuel, altérations de la gonadogenèse et, déterminisme de la différenciation des gonies chez les amphibiens. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. VI (Zool.), 13:373-378.
    • (1957) J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. VI (Zool.) , vol.13 , pp. 373-378
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 83
    • 0002689953 scopus 로고
    • Analyse des effets des hormones stéroïdes dans la différenciation sexuelle des amphibiens
    • Gallien, L. (1959) Analyse des effets des hormones stéroïdes dans la différenciation sexuelle des amphibiens. Arch. Anat. Micr. Morphol. Exp., 48:83-100.
    • (1959) Arch. Anat. Micr. Morphol. Exp. , vol.48 , pp. 83-100
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 84
    • 0001777344 scopus 로고
    • Inversion expérimentale du sexe chez un anoure inférieur Xenopus laevis Daudun. Analyse des conséquences génétiques
    • Gallien L. (1962) Inversion expérimentale du sexe chez un anoure inférieur Xenopus laevis Daudun. Analyse des conséquences génétiques. Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg., 90:163-183.
    • (1962) Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg. , vol.90 , pp. 163-183
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 85
    • 2642636760 scopus 로고
    • Genetic control of sexual differentiation in vertebrates
    • R.L. DeHaan and H. Ursprung, eds. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, San Francisco
    • Gallien, L. (1965) Genetic control of sexual differentiation in vertebrates. In: Organogenesis. R.L. DeHaan and H. Ursprung, eds. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, San Francisco, pp. 583-610.
    • (1965) Organogenesis , pp. 583-610
    • Gallien, L.1
  • 87
    • 2642629567 scopus 로고
    • Inversion totale (féminisation) du sexe chez Pelobates cultripes Cuv. et féminisation partielle des gonades (intersexualité) chez Pelodytes punctatus Daud., à la suite d'un traitment gynogène par le benzoate d'oestradiol, administré pendent la vie larvaire
    • Gallien, L., and A. Collenot (1958) Inversion totale (féminisation) du sexe chez Pelobates cultripes Cuv. et féminisation partielle des gonades (intersexualité) chez Pelodytes punctatus Daud., à la suite d'un traitment gynogène par le benzoate d'oestradiol, administré pendent la vie larvaire. C.R. Acad. Sci., 247:1042-1044.
    • (1958) C.R. Acad. Sci. , vol.247 , pp. 1042-1044
    • Gallien, L.1    Collenot, A.2
  • 88
    • 72949136115 scopus 로고
    • Inversion du phénotype sexuel (féminisation) chez Triturus helveticus Raz. et Triturus alpestris Laur., à la suite d'un traitment gynogène par le benzoate d'oestradiol administré pendent la vie larvaire
    • Gallien, L., and A. Collenot (1960) Inversion du phénotype sexuel (féminisation) chez Triturus helveticus Raz. et Triturus alpestris Laur., à la suite d'un traitment gynogène par le benzoate d'oestradiol administré pendent la vie larvaire. C.R. Acad. Sci., 250:926-928.
    • (1960) C.R. Acad. Sci. , vol.250 , pp. 926-928
    • Gallien, L.1    Collenot, A.2
  • 89
    • 70449320387 scopus 로고
    • Mise en évidence de stéroïdes oestrogènes dans l'ovaure juvénile de Xenopus laevis Daudin, et cycle des oestrogènes au cours de la ponte
    • Gallien, L., and C.-L. Foulgoc (1960) Mise en évidence de stéroïdes oestrogènes dans l'ovaure juvénile de Xenopus laevis Daudin, et cycle des oestrogènes au cours de la ponte. C.R. Acad. Sci., 251:460-462.
    • (1960) C.R. Acad. Sci. , vol.251 , pp. 460-462
    • Gallien, L.1    Foulgoc, C.-L.2
  • 90
    • 2642700851 scopus 로고
    • The transition of peritoneal epithelial cells into germ cells in some amphibia anura, especially in Rana temporaria
    • Gatenby, J.B. (1916) The transition of peritoneal epithelial cells into germ cells in some amphibia anura, especially in Rana temporaria. Q. J. Micr. Soc., 61:275-300.
    • (1916) Q. J. Micr. Soc. , vol.61 , pp. 275-300
    • Gatenby, J.B.1
  • 91
    • 0021343926 scopus 로고
    • Effect of cadmium chloride on steroidogenic enzymes in Bidder's organ of the toad Bufo metanostictus
    • Ghosh, P.K., A.K. Ghosh, and N.M. Swas (1984) Effect of cadmium chloride on steroidogenic enzymes in Bidder's organ of the toad Bufo metanostictus. Experientia, 40:91-92.
    • (1984) Experientia , vol.40 , pp. 91-92
    • Ghosh, P.K.1    Ghosh, A.K.2    Swas, N.M.3
  • 93
  • 94
    • 0000396128 scopus 로고
    • A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification
    • Gosner, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification, Herpetologica. 16:183-190.
    • (1960) Herpetologica , vol.16 , pp. 183-190
    • Gosner, K.L.1
  • 95
    • 0003258978 scopus 로고
    • Protogynous sex change in the reed frog Hyperolius viridiflacus
    • Grafe, T.U., and K.E. Linsenmair (1989) Protogynous sex change in the reed frog Hyperolius viridiflacus. Copeia, 1989:1024-1029.
    • (1989) Copeia , vol.1989 , pp. 1024-1029
    • Grafe, T.U.1    Linsenmair, K.E.2
  • 96
    • 0008454124 scopus 로고
    • Heteromorphic sex chromosomes in the rare and primitive frog Leiopelma hammittoni from New Zealand
    • Green, D.M. (1988) Heteromorphic sex chromosomes in the rare and primitive frog Leiopelma hammittoni from New Zealand. J. Hered., 79:165-169.
    • (1988) J. Hered. , vol.79 , pp. 165-169
    • Green, D.M.1
  • 97
    • 26144460865 scopus 로고
    • Inversion expérimentale du type sexuel dans la gonad du crapaud
    • Guyénot, E., and K. Ponse (1923a) Inversion expérimentale du type sexuel dans la gonad du crapaud. C.R. Soc. Biol., 89:4-23.
    • (1923) C.R. Soc. Biol. , vol.89 , pp. 4-23
    • Guyénot, E.1    Ponse, K.2
  • 98
    • 26144432890 scopus 로고
    • L'organe de Bidder du crapaud est-il indispensable la vie?
    • Guyénot, E., and K. Ponse (1923b) L'organe de Bidder du crapaud est-il indispensable la vie? C.R. Soc. Biol., 89:63-71.
    • (1923) C.R. Soc. Biol. , vol.89 , pp. 63-71
    • Guyénot, E.1    Ponse, K.2
  • 99
    • 26144455822 scopus 로고
    • Nouveaux résultats concernant le déterminisme des caractères sexuels secondaires du crapaud (Bufo vulgaris)
    • Guyénot, E., and K. Ponse (1923e) Nouveaux résultats concernant le déterminisme des caractères sexuels secondaires du crapaud (Bufo vulgaris). C.R. Soc. Biol., 89:129-131.
    • (1923) C.R. Soc. Biol. , vol.89 , pp. 129-131
    • Guyénot, E.1    Ponse, K.2
  • 100
    • 26144454067 scopus 로고
    • Questions théoretiques soulevées par le cas de l'organe de Bidder du crapaud
    • Guyénot, E., and K. Ponse (1927) Questions théoretiques soulevées par le cas de l'organe de Bidder du crapaud. C.R. Soc. Biol., 96:835-837.
    • (1927) C.R. Soc. Biol. , vol.96 , pp. 835-837
    • Guyénot, E.1    Ponse, K.2
  • 101
    • 0003368775 scopus 로고
    • The development of the mesonephros and Müllerian ducts in amphibia
    • Hall, R.W. (1904) The development of the mesonephros and Müllerian ducts in amphibia. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, 45:31-128.
    • (1904) Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard , vol.45 , pp. 31-128
    • Hall, R.W.1
  • 102
    • 2642599906 scopus 로고
    • Influence of ovarian extract upon the sex differentiation of terminal crest in the testis of Triturus pyrrhogaster (Boie)
    • Hanaoka, K.-I. (1961) Influence of ovarian extract upon the sex differentiation of terminal crest in the testis of Triturus pyrrhogaster (Boie). Endocrinol. Japan, 8:237-246.
    • (1961) Endocrinol. Japan , vol.8 , pp. 237-246
    • Hanaoka, K.-I.1
  • 103
    • 2642635723 scopus 로고
    • The effect of follicular hormone upon sex differentiation in Hynobius retardatus
    • Hanaoki, L. (1941a) The effect of follicular hormone upon sex differentiation in Hynobius retardatus. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. VI, 7:399-412.
    • (1941) J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. VI , vol.7 , pp. 399-412
    • Hanaoki, L.1
  • 104
    • 2642668342 scopus 로고
    • The effect of testosterone propionate upon sex differentiation in Hynobius retardatus
    • Hanaoki, L. (1941) The effect of testosterone propionate upon sex differentiation in Hynobius retardatus. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. VI, 7:413-419.
    • (1941) J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. VI , vol.7 , pp. 413-419
    • Hanaoki, L.1
  • 105
    • 0012316179 scopus 로고
    • Verwandlung des Bidderschen organs in ein ovarium beim maennchen von Bufo vulgaris
    • Harms, J.W. (1921) Verwandlung des Bidderschen organs in ein ovarium beim maennchen von Bufo vulgaris. Zool. Anz., 53:253-265.
    • (1921) Zool. Anz. , vol.53 , pp. 253-265
    • Harms, J.W.1
  • 106
    • 2642659262 scopus 로고
    • Untersuchungen über das Biddersche organ der maennlichern und weiblichen kroeten: II. Die physiologie des Bidderschen organs und die experimentel1 physiologische umdifferenzierung von maennchen in weibchen
    • Harms, J.W. (1923) Untersuchungen über das Biddersche organ der maennlichern und weiblichen kroeten: II. Die physiologie des Bidderschen organs und die experimentel1 physiologische umdifferenzierung von maennchen in weibchen. Z. F. Anat. U. Entwicklungegesch, 69:598-629.
    • (1923) Z. F. Anat. U. Entwicklungegesch , vol.69 , pp. 598-629
    • Harms, J.W.1
  • 107
    • 0029240562 scopus 로고
    • Interdependence of corticosterone and thyroid hormones in larval growth and development in the western toad (Bufo boreas): I. Thyroid hormone dependent and independent effects of corticosterone on growth and development
    • Hayes, T.B. (1995) Interdependence of corticosterone and thyroid hormones in larval growth and development in the western toad (Bufo boreas): I. Thyroid hormone dependent and independent effects of corticosterone on growth and development. J. Exp. Zool., 271:95-102.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.271 , pp. 95-102
    • Hayes, T.B.1
  • 108
    • 4244026508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroids as potential modulators of thyroid hormone activity in anuran metamorphosis
    • Hayes, T.B. (1997a) Steroids as potential modulators of thyroid hormone activity in anuran metamorphosis. Am. Zool., 37:135-194.
    • (1997) Am. Zool. , vol.37 , pp. 135-194
    • Hayes, T.B.1
  • 109
    • 21944454364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal mechanisms as developmental constraints on evolution: Examples from the anura
    • Hayes, T.B. (1997b) Hormonal mechanisms as developmental constraints on evolution: Examples from the anura. Am. Zool., 37:482-490.
    • (1997) Am. Zool. , vol.37 , pp. 482-490
    • Hayes, T.B.1
  • 110
    • 2642589875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal regulation of sex differentiation in amphibians, reptiles, and birds
    • Academic Press, New York, in press
    • Hayes, T.B. (1998) Hormonal regulation of sex differentiation in amphibians, reptiles, and birds. In: Encyclopedia of Reproduction. Academic Press, New York, in press.
    • (1998) Encyclopedia of Reproduction
    • Hayes, T.B.1
  • 111
    • 84993660613 scopus 로고
    • Gonadal involvement in size sex dimorphism in the African Bullfrog (Pyxicephalus adspersus)
    • Hayes, T.B., and P. Licht (1992) Gonadal involvement in size sex dimorphism in the African Bullfrog (Pyxicephalus adspersus). J. Exp. Zool., 264:130-135.
    • (1992) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.264 , pp. 130-135
    • Hayes, T.B.1    Licht, P.2
  • 112
    • 0027184672 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of exogenous steroids by anuran larvae
    • Hayes, T.B., and P. Licht (1993) Metabolism of exogenous steroids by anuran larvae. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 91:250-258.
    • (1993) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.91 , pp. 250-258
    • Hayes, T.B.1    Licht, P.2
  • 113
    • 0029240315 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing testosterone metabolism by anuran larvae
    • Hayes, T.B., and P. Licht (1995) Factors influencing testosterone metabolism by anuran larvae. J. Exp. Zool., 271:112-119.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.271 , pp. 112-119
    • Hayes, T.B.1    Licht, P.2
  • 114
    • 0000623374 scopus 로고
    • Survival of Alaskan woodfrog (Rana sylvatica) larvae
    • Herreid, C.F. II, and S. Kinney (1966) Survival of Alaskan woodfrog (Rana sylvatica) larvae. Ecology, 47:1039-1043.
    • (1966) Ecology , vol.47 , pp. 1039-1043
    • Herreid II, C.F.1    Kinney, S.2
  • 115
    • 0025205592 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary changes of heterogametic sex in the phylogenetic history of amphibians
    • Hillis, D.M., and D.M. Green (1990) Evolutionary changes of heterogametic sex in the phylogenetic history of amphibians. J. Evol. Biol., 3:49-64.
    • (1990) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 49-64
    • Hillis, D.M.1    Green, D.M.2
  • 116
    • 85038530383 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the sex problem in toads: I. Comparative anatomy of the genital system in Japanese toads
    • Horié, H. (1938) Studies on the sex problem in toads: I. Comparative anatomy of the genital system in Japanese toads. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. VI (Zool.), 6:191-209.
    • (1938) J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. VI (Zool.) , vol.6 , pp. 191-209
    • Horié, H.1
  • 117
    • 0040824915 scopus 로고
    • Growth and development of amphibia as affected by thyroidectomy
    • Hoskins, E.R., and M.M. Hoskins (1919) Growth and development of amphibia as affected by thyroidectomy. J. Exp. Zool., 29:1-69.
    • (1919) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.29 , pp. 1-69
    • Hoskins, E.R.1    Hoskins, M.M.2
  • 118
    • 0017724476 scopus 로고
    • A histochemical study on the development of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in tadpole ovaries
    • Hsü, C.Y., C.H. Chiang, and H.-M. Liang (1977) A histochemical study on the development of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in tadpole ovaries. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 32:272-278.
    • (1977) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.32 , pp. 272-278
    • Hsü, C.Y.1    Chiang, C.H.2    Liang, H.-M.3
  • 119
    • 0021963890 scopus 로고
    • In vitro estradiol synthesis and secretion by tadpole ovaries of different developmental stages
    • Hsü, C.Y., L.T. Chang, C. Liang, and H.-M. Liang (1985) In vitro estradiol synthesis and secretion by tadpole ovaries of different developmental stages. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 57:393-396.
    • (1985) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.57 , pp. 393-396
    • Hsü, C.Y.1    Chang, L.T.2    Liang, C.3    Liang, H.-M.4
  • 120
    • 0018722467 scopus 로고
    • The effect of cyproterone acetate on the activity of delta5-3beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in tadpole sex transformation
    • Hsü, C.Y., L.H. Hsü, and H.-M. Liang (1979) The effect of cyproterone acetate on the activity of delta5-3beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in tadpole sex transformation. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 39:404-410.
    • (1979) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.39 , pp. 404-410
    • Hsü, C.Y.1    Hsü, L.H.2    Liang, H.-M.3
  • 121
    • 0016288524 scopus 로고
    • Independence of ovarian masculinization and hypothyroidism in frog tadpoles after methimazole treatment
    • Hsü, C.-Y., C.-H. Huang, C. Liang, and H.-M. Liang (1974) Independence of ovarian masculinization and hypothyroidism in frog tadpoles after methimazole treatment. J. Exp. Zool., 189:235-242.
    • (1974) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.189 , pp. 235-242
    • Hsü, C.-Y.1    Huang, C.-H.2    Liang, C.3    Liang, H.-M.4
  • 122
    • 0018117743 scopus 로고
    • A histochemical study of the adrenogenital syndrome in frog tadpoles
    • Hsü, C.Y., H.M. Liang, and N.W. Yu (1978) A histochemical study of the adrenogenital syndrome in frog tadpoles. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 35:347-354.
    • (1978) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.35 , pp. 347-354
    • Hsü, C.Y.1    Liang, H.M.2    Yu, N.W.3
  • 123
    • 0002854642 scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent sex transformation of tadpole ovaries induced by cyproterone acetate
    • Hsü, C.Y., H.M. Liang, and M.Y. Yen (1981a) Dose-dependent sex transformation of tadpole ovaries induced by cyproterone acetate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Counc. B., 5:210-213.
    • (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Counc. B. , vol.5 , pp. 210-213
    • Hsü, C.Y.1    Liang, H.M.2    Yen, M.Y.3
  • 124
    • 2642593928 scopus 로고
    • Production of sterile gonads in tadpoles by 17 beta-ureide
    • Hsü, C.Y., and H.J. Wang (1981b) Production of sterile gonads in tadpoles by 17 beta-ureide. Proc. Natl. Acad. B., 5:322-327.
    • (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. B. , vol.5 , pp. 322-327
    • Hsü, C.Y.1    Wang, H.J.2
  • 125
    • 0015069560 scopus 로고
    • Induction of sex reversal in female tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana by temperature treatment
    • Hsü, C.-Y., N.-W. Yü, and H.-M. Liang (1971) Induction of sex reversal in female tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana by temperature treatment. Endocrinol. Jpn., 18:243-251.
    • (1971) Endocrinol. Jpn. , vol.18 , pp. 243-251
    • Hsü, C.-Y.1    Yü, N.-W.2    Liang, H.-M.3
  • 126
    • 85038538389 scopus 로고
    • Différenciation sexuelle et intersexualité dans la parabiose chez deux espèces d'amphibians anoures Discoglossus pictus Otth. et Bombina variegata L
    • Huchon, D. (1966) Différenciation sexuelle et intersexualité dans la parabiose chez deux espèces d'amphibians anoures Discoglossus pictus Otth. et Bombina variegata L. C.R. Acad. Sci., 262:1737-1739.
    • (1966) C.R. Acad. Sci. , vol.262 , pp. 1737-1739
    • Huchon, D.1
  • 127
    • 0004782316 scopus 로고
    • The primordial germ cells of Hemidactylium and other amphibia
    • Humphrey, R.R. (1925) The primordial germ cells of Hemidactylium and other amphibia. J. Morphol. Physiol., 41:1-43.
    • (1925) J. Morphol. Physiol. , vol.41 , pp. 1-43
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 128
    • 84982342700 scopus 로고
    • Extirpation of the primordial germ cells of Amblystoma: Its effect upon the development of the gonad
    • Humphrey, R.R. (1927) Extirpation of the primordial germ cells of Amblystoma: Its effect upon the development of the gonad. J. Exp. Zool., 49:363-397.
    • (1927) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.49 , pp. 363-397
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 129
    • 84982063316 scopus 로고
    • Studies on sex reversal in Amblystoma: II. Sex differentiation and modification following orthotopic implantation of a gonadic preprimordium
    • Humphrey, R.R. (1929) Studies on sex reversal in Amblystoma: II. Sex differentiation and modification following orthotopic implantation of a gonadic preprimordium. J. Exp. Zool., 53:171-219.
    • (1929) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.53 , pp. 171-219
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 130
    • 84982058616 scopus 로고
    • Studies on sex reversal in Amblystoma: III. Transformation of the ovary of A. tigrinum into a functional testis through the influence of a testis resident in the same animal
    • Humphrey, R.R. (1931a) Studies on sex reversal in Amblystoma: III. Transformation of the ovary of A. tigrinum into a functional testis through the influence of a testis resident in the same animal. J. Exp. Zool., 58:333-365.
    • (1931) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.58 , pp. 333-365
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 131
    • 84982061674 scopus 로고
    • Studies on sex reversal in Amblystoma: IV. The developmental potencies exhibited by the modified ("freemartin") ovary of Amblystoma tigrinum following removal of the testis which had induced its modification
    • Humphrey, R.R. (1931b) Studies on sex reversal in Amblystoma: IV. The developmental potencies exhibited by the modified ("freemartin") ovary of Amblystoma tigrinum following removal of the testis which had induced its modification. J. Exp. Zool., 58:367-399.
    • (1931) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.58 , pp. 367-399
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 132
    • 2642654126 scopus 로고
    • Studies on sex reversal in Amblystoma: VII. Reversal of sex type in gonadic preprimordia of A. punctatum males implanted in females of more rapidly growing species
    • Humphrey, R.R. (1935) Studies on sex reversal in Amblystoma: VII. Reversal of sex type in gonadic preprimordia of A. punctatum males implanted in females of more rapidly growing species. Anat. Rec., 62:223-245.
    • (1935) Anat. Rec. , vol.62 , pp. 223-245
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 133
    • 84982337893 scopus 로고
    • The development and sex differentiation of the gonad in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) following extirpation or orthotopic implantation of the intermediate segment and adjacent mesoderm
    • Humphrey, R.R. (1938) The development and sex differentiation of the gonad in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) following extirpation or orthotopic implantation of the intermediate segment and adjacent mesoderm. J. Exp. Zool., 65:243-267.
    • (1938) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.65 , pp. 243-267
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 134
    • 2642691551 scopus 로고
    • Studies on sex reversal in Amblystoma: XII. Sterility after reversal of ovary to testis in the axolotl
    • Humphrey, R.R. (1942) Studies on sex reversal in Amblystoma: XII. Sterility after reversal of ovary to testis in the axolotl. Growth, 6:185-201.
    • (1942) Growth , vol.6 , pp. 185-201
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 135
    • 85027472296 scopus 로고
    • Sex determination in Ambystomatid salamanders: A study of the progeny of females experimentally converted into males
    • Humphrey, R.R. (1945) Sex determination in Ambystomatid salamanders: A study of the progeny of females experimentally converted into males. Am. J. Anat., 76:33-66.
    • (1945) Am. J. Anat. , vol.76 , pp. 33-66
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 136
    • 0013615880 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of sex in females of genotype WW in the axolotl (Siredon or Ambystoma mexicanum) and its bearing upon the role of the Z chromosome in the development of testis
    • Humphrey, R.R. (1948) Reversal of sex in females of genotype WW in the axolotl (Siredon or Ambystoma mexicanum) and its bearing upon the role of the Z chromosome in the development of testis. J. Exp. Zool., 109:171-185.
    • (1948) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.109 , pp. 171-185
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 137
    • 0345094021 scopus 로고
    • The development, structure, and functional capacity of the ovaries in triploid Ambystomid salamanders
    • Humphrey, R.R., and G. Frankhauser (1946) The development, structure, and functional capacity of the ovaries in triploid Ambystomid salamanders. J. Morphol., 79:467-510.
    • (1946) J. Morphol. , vol.79 , pp. 467-510
    • Humphrey, R.R.1    Frankhauser, G.2
  • 138
    • 0141510655 scopus 로고
    • Sex differentiation in triploid Rana pipiens larvae and the subsequent reversal of females to males
    • Humphrey, R.R., R. Briggs, and G. Frankhauser (1950) Sex differentiation in triploid Rana pipiens larvae and the subsequent reversal of females to males. J. Exp. Zool., 115:399-427.
    • (1950) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.115 , pp. 399-427
    • Humphrey, R.R.1    Briggs, R.2    Frankhauser, G.3
  • 139
    • 0002768344 scopus 로고
    • Masculinization by testicular transplantation in spayed female Triturus pyrrhogaster with remarks on testis-ova and the modification of lateral-line organs
    • Ichikawa, A. (1937) Masculinization by testicular transplantation in spayed female Triturus pyrrhogaster with remarks on testis-ova and the modification of lateral-line organs. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. VI, 6:71-86.
    • (1937) J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. VI , vol.6 , pp. 71-86
    • Ichikawa, A.1
  • 140
    • 0016828758 scopus 로고
    • Mitotic activity of germ cells during normal development of Xenopus laevis tadpoles
    • Ijiri, K.-I., and N. Egami (1975) Mitotic activity of germ cells during normal development of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 34:687-694.
    • (1975) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.34 , pp. 687-694
    • Ijiri, K.-I.1    Egami, N.2
  • 141
    • 0016716856 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of the "germinal plasm" in Xenopus embryos after cleavage
    • Ikenishi, K., and M. Kotani (1975) Ultrastructure of the "germinal plasm" in Xenopus embryos after cleavage. Dev. Growth Dif., 17:101-110.
    • (1975) Dev. Growth Dif. , vol.17 , pp. 101-110
    • Ikenishi, K.1    Kotani, M.2
  • 142
    • 2642668341 scopus 로고
    • Relation between the concentration of thiourea solution and its masculinizing effect of frog larvae
    • Iwasawa, H. (1955a) Relation between the concentration of thiourea solution and its masculinizing effect of frog larvae. Endocrinol. Japan, 24:269-270.
    • (1955) Endocrinol. Japan , vol.24 , pp. 269-270
    • Iwasawa, H.1
  • 143
    • 2642631613 scopus 로고
    • Transformation of ovaries to testes in thiourea treated frog larvae
    • Iwasawa, H. (1955b) Transformation of ovaries to testes in thiourea treated frog larvae. Endocrinol. Japan., 24:263-268.
    • (1955) Endocrinol. Japan , vol.24 , pp. 263-268
    • Iwasawa, H.1
  • 144
    • 0344968446 scopus 로고
    • The effects of the mammalian hypophysis extract on the development of the gonad in frog larvae
    • Iwasawa, H. (1960) The effects of the mammalian hypophysis extract on the development of the gonad in frog larvae. J. Fac. Sci. Niigata Univ. Ser. II, 4:27-32.
    • (1960) J. Fac. Sci. Niigata Univ. Ser. II , vol.4 , pp. 27-32
    • Iwasawa, H.1
  • 145
    • 2642592907 scopus 로고
    • Effects of thyroidectomy, hypophysectomy and thiourea treatment on the development of gonads in frog larvae
    • Iwasawa, H. (1961) Effects of thyroidectomy, hypophysectomy and thiourea treatment on the development of gonads in frog larvae. Jap. J. Zool., 13:69-77.
    • (1961) Jap. J. Zool. , vol.13 , pp. 69-77
    • Iwasawa, H.1
  • 146
    • 0007352492 scopus 로고
    • Gonadal development in young frogs of Rana ornativentris, with special reference to sex differentiation and sex ratio
    • Iwasawa, H. (1969a) Gonadal development in young frogs of Rana ornativentris, with special reference to sex differentiation and sex ratio. Annot. Zool. Jap., 42:183-192.
    • (1969) Annot. Zool. Jap. , vol.42 , pp. 183-192
    • Iwasawa, H.1
  • 147
    • 0007433684 scopus 로고
    • Variation of the mode of sex differentiation in the tree frog, Rhacophorus arboreus
    • Iwasawa, H. (1969b) Variation of the mode of sex differentiation in the tree frog, Rhacophorus arboreus. Sci. Rep. Niigata Univ., Ser. D. (Biology), 6:141-153.
    • (1969) Sci. Rep. Niigata Univ., Ser. D. (Biology) , vol.6 , pp. 141-153
    • Iwasawa, H.1
  • 148
    • 0002854644 scopus 로고
    • Relation between the time of androgen administration and the testicular differentiation of the female gonad in Rhacophorus arboreus
    • Iwasawa, H., T. Maruyama, and Tsukada (1979) Relation between the time of androgen administration and the testicular differentiation of the female gonad in Rhacophorus arboreus. Sci. Rep. Niigata Univ., Ser. D (Biology), 16:29-34.
    • (1979) Sci. Rep. Niigata Univ., Ser. D (Biology) , vol.16 , pp. 29-34
    • Iwasawa, H.1    Maruyama, T.2    Tsukada3
  • 149
    • 85038530059 scopus 로고
    • Action masculinisante de la prégnèninolone dans la différenciation du sexe de Rana temporana
    • Jost, A. (1943) Action masculinisante de la prégnèninolone dans la différenciation du sexe de Rana temporana. C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, 137:685-686.
    • (1943) C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris , vol.137 , pp. 685-686
    • Jost, A.1
  • 150
    • 0015931656 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural observations on the germ line of Xenopus laevis
    • Kalt, M.R. (1973) Ultrastructural observations on the germ line of Xenopus laevis. Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat., 138:41-62.
    • (1973) Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. , vol.138 , pp. 41-62
    • Kalt, M.R.1
  • 151
    • 0017125688 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the migration and proliferation of gonocytes in Xenopus laevis
    • Kamimura, M., K. Ikenishi, M. Kotani, and T. Matsuno (1976) Observations on the migration and proliferation of gonocytes in Xenopus laevis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 36:197-207.
    • (1976) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.36 , pp. 197-207
    • Kamimura, M.1    Ikenishi, K.2    Kotani, M.3    Matsuno, T.4
  • 152
    • 0029616386 scopus 로고
    • Androgen biosynthesis and secretion in developing Xenopus laevis
    • Kang, L., M. Marin, and D.B. Kelley (1995) Androgen biosynthesis and secretion in developing Xenopus laevis. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 100:293-307.
    • (1995) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.100 , pp. 293-307
    • Kang, L.1    Marin, M.2    Kelley, D.B.3
  • 153
    • 0006645808 scopus 로고
    • Artificial parthenogenesis in the frog: II. The sex of parthenogenetic frogs
    • Kawamura, T. (1939) Artificial parthenogenesis in the frog: II. The sex of parthenogenetic frogs. J. Fac. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 1, 7:39-86.
    • (1939) J. Fac. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 1 , vol.7 , pp. 39-86
    • Kawamura, T.1
  • 154
    • 2642627548 scopus 로고
    • Further observations on diploid and triploid parthenogenetic frogs of Rana nigromaculata
    • Kawamura, T. (1949) Further observations on diploid and triploid parthenogenetic frogs of Rana nigromaculata. J. Fac. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 1, 11:1-5.
    • (1949) J. Fac. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 1 , vol.11 , pp. 1-5
    • Kawamura, T.1
  • 157
    • 0016326406 scopus 로고
    • An ultrastructural study of germ plasm in spermatogenesis of Xenopus laevis
    • Kerr, J.B., and K.E. Dixon (1974) An ultrastructural study of germ plasm in spermatogenesis of Xenopus laevis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 32:573-592.
    • (1974) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.32 , pp. 573-592
    • Kerr, J.B.1    Dixon, K.E.2
  • 158
    • 0014982844 scopus 로고
    • A fresh look at meiosis and centromeric heterochromatin in the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus (Green)
    • Kezer, J., and H.C. MacGregor (1971) A fresh look at meiosis and centromeric heterochromatin in the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus (Green). Chromosoma, 33:146-166.
    • (1971) Chromosoma , vol.33 , pp. 146-166
    • Kezer, J.1    MacGregor, H.C.2
  • 159
    • 84932044602 scopus 로고
    • The oögenesis of Bufo lentiginosus
    • King, H.D. (1908) The oögenesis of Bufo lentiginosus. J. Morphol., 19:439-468.
    • (1908) J. Morphol. , vol.19 , pp. 439-468
    • King, H.D.1
  • 160
    • 0008274436 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on the evolutionary history of the unisexual salamanders of the Ambystoma laterale-texanum complex as revealed by mitochondrial DNA analysis
    • R.M. Dawley and J.P. Bogart, eds. Albany, NY, Bull. 466, New York State Museum
    • Kraus, F. (1989) Constraints on the evolutionary history of the unisexual salamanders of the Ambystoma laterale-texanum complex as revealed by mitochondrial DNA analysis. In: Evolution and Ecology of Unisexual Vertebrates. R.M. Dawley and J.P. Bogart, eds. Albany, NY, Bull. 466, New York State Museum. pp. 218-227.
    • (1989) Evolution and Ecology of Unisexual Vertebrates , pp. 218-227
    • Kraus, F.1
  • 161
    • 2642699764 scopus 로고
    • Die entwicklungsgeschichte der keimdrüsen von Rana esculenta. Ein bertrag zur sexualitäts-problem. F.R. Hertwig
    • Kuschakewitsch, S. (1910) Die entwicklungsgeschichte der keimdrüsen von Rana esculenta. Ein bertrag zur sexualitäts-problem. F.R. Hertwig. Jena., 2:61-224.
    • (1910) Jena. , vol.2 , pp. 61-224
    • Kuschakewitsch, S.1
  • 162
    • 0017883034 scopus 로고
    • Localization of 5S RNA genes on chromosomes of plethodontid salamanders
    • León, P.E., and J. Kezer (1978) Localization of 5S RNA genes on chromosomes of plethodontid salamanders. Chromosoma, 65:213-230.
    • (1978) Chromosoma , vol.65 , pp. 213-230
    • León, P.E.1    Kezer, J.2
  • 163
    • 0343504916 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive parameters of unisexual Ambystoma on Pelee Island, Ontario
    • R.M. Dawley and J.P. Bogart, eds. Albany, Bull. 466, New York State Museum
    • Licht, L. (1989) Reproductive parameters of unisexual Ambystoma on Pelee Island, Ontario. In: Evolution and Ecology of Unisexual Vertbrates. R.M. Dawley and J.P. Bogart, eds. Albany, Bull. 466, New York State Museum. pp. 209-217.
    • (1989) Evolution and Ecology of Unisexual Vertbrates , pp. 209-217
    • Licht, L.1
  • 164
    • 84986715198 scopus 로고
    • Sex differentiation and early gonadal development in Bombina orientalis (Anura: Discoglossidae)
    • Lopez, K. (1989) Sex differentiation and early gonadal development in Bombina orientalis (Anura: Discoglossidae). J. Morphol., 199:299-311.
    • (1989) J. Morphol. , vol.199 , pp. 299-311
    • Lopez, K.1
  • 165
    • 0347042553 scopus 로고
    • Electrophoretic evidence for multiple origins of triploid forms in the Ambystoma laterale-jeffersonium complex
    • Lowcock, L., and J.P Bogart (1989) Electrophoretic evidence for multiple origins of triploid forms in the Ambystoma laterale-jeffersonium complex. Can. J. Zool., 67:350-356.
    • (1989) Can. J. Zool. , vol.67 , pp. 350-356
    • Lowcock, L.1    Bogart, J.P.2
  • 166
    • 0342634609 scopus 로고
    • Biogeography of hybrid complexes of Ambystoma: Interpreting unisexual-bisexual genetic data in space and time
    • R.M. Dawley and J.P. Bogart, eds. Albany, Bull. 466, New York State Museum
    • Lowcock, L.A. (1989) Biogeography of hybrid complexes of Ambystoma: Interpreting unisexual-bisexual genetic data in space and time. In: Evolution and Ecology of Unisexual Vertebrates. R.M. Dawley and J.P. Bogart, eds. Albany, Bull. 466, New York State Museum. pp. 180-208.
    • (1989) Evolution and Ecology of Unisexual Vertebrates , pp. 180-208
    • Lowcock, L.A.1
  • 167
    • 0003383990 scopus 로고
    • Gynogenesis in salamanders related to Ambystoma jeffersonianum
    • MacGregor, H.C., and T.M. Uzzell, Jr. (1964) Gynogenesis in salamanders related to Ambystoma jeffersonianum. Science, 143:1043-1045.
    • (1964) Science , vol.143 , pp. 1043-1045
    • MacGregor, H.C.1    Uzzell Jr., T.M.2
  • 168
    • 2642600950 scopus 로고
    • Osservazioni cariologiche sull'Urodelo della Sardegna euproctus platycephalus: Morfologia dei bivalenti meiotici dei lampbrush chromosomes
    • Mancino, G. (1965) Osservazioni cariologiche sull'Urodelo della Sardegna euproctus platycephalus: Morfologia dei bivalenti meiotici dei lampbrush chromosomes. Rend. Acc. Naz. Lincei, 39:540-548.
    • (1965) Rend. Acc. Naz. Lincei , vol.39 , pp. 540-548
    • Mancino, G.1
  • 169
    • 0021721184 scopus 로고
    • Male sexual differentiation in mice lacking H-Y antigen
    • McLaren, A., E. Simpson, K. Tomonari, P. Chandler, and H. Hogg (1984) Male sexual differentiation in mice lacking H-Y antigen. Nature, 312:552-554.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.312 , pp. 552-554
    • McLaren, A.1    Simpson, E.2    Tomonari, K.3    Chandler, P.4    Hogg, H.5
  • 171
    • 0004349222 scopus 로고
    • Ovarian differentiation
    • R.E. Jones, ed. Plenum Press, New York
    • Merchant-Larios, H. (1978) Ovarian differentiation. In: The Vertebrate Ovary. R.E. Jones, ed. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 47-81.
    • (1978) The Vertebrate Ovary , pp. 47-81
    • Merchant-Larios, H.1
  • 172
    • 0019459671 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural events during early gonadal development in Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis
    • Merchant-Larios, H., and I. Villalpando (1981) Ultrastructural events during early gonadal development in Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis. Anat. Rec., 199:349-360.
    • (1981) Anat. Rec. , vol.199 , pp. 349-360
    • Merchant-Larios, H.1    Villalpando, I.2
  • 173
    • 0000856841 scopus 로고
    • Functional sex reversal in genetic females of Xenopus laevis, induced by implanted testes
    • Mikamo, K., and E. Witschi (1963) Functional sex reversal in genetic females of Xenopus laevis, induced by implanted testes. Genetics, 48:1411-1421.
    • (1963) Genetics , vol.48 , pp. 1411-1421
    • Mikamo, K.1    Witschi, E.2
  • 174
    • 0013774360 scopus 로고
    • Masculinization and breeding of the WW Xenopus
    • Mikamo, K., and E. Witschi (1964) Masculinization and breeding of the WW Xenopus. Experientia, 20:622-623.
    • (1964) Experientia , vol.20 , pp. 622-623
    • Mikamo, K.1    Witschi, E.2
  • 175
    • 2642627545 scopus 로고
    • Salamanders of the Ambystoma jeffersonianum complex in Indiana
    • Minton, S.A. Jr. (1954) Salamanders of the Ambystoma jeffersonianum complex in Indiana. Herpetologica, 10:173-179.
    • (1954) Herpetologica , vol.10 , pp. 173-179
    • Minton Jr., S.A.1
  • 176
    • 0141845199 scopus 로고
    • Testosterone propionate minimum for induction of male development in anurans; comparative data from other vertebrates
    • Mintz, B. (1948) Testosterone propionate minimum for induction of male development in anurans; comparative data from other vertebrates. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 69:358-361.
    • (1948) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.69 , pp. 358-361
    • Mintz, B.1
  • 177
    • 2642591850 scopus 로고
    • Androgen-induced feminization of urodele larvae in the absence of the hypophysis
    • Mintz, B., and L. Gallien (1954) Androgen-induced feminization of urodele larvae in the absence of the hypophysis. Anat. Rec., 119:493-517.
    • (1954) Anat. Rec. , vol.119 , pp. 493-517
    • Mintz, B.1    Gallien, L.2
  • 178
    • 2642635721 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative studies on response of sex characters of differentiated Rana clamitans larvae to injected androgens and estrogens
    • Mintz, B., C.L. Foote, and E. Witsch (1945) Quantitative studies on response of sex characters of differentiated Rana clamitans larvae to injected androgens and estrogens. Endocrinology, 37:286-296.
    • (1945) Endocrinology , vol.37 , pp. 286-296
    • Mintz, B.1    Foote, C.L.2    Witsch, E.3
  • 180
    • 85038528415 scopus 로고
    • Studies on matured parthenogenetic frogs: II. The offspring of a male parthenogenetic frog
    • Moriwaki, T. (1954) Studies on matured parthenogenetic frogs: II. The offspring of a male parthenogenetic frog. J. Fac. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 1 (Zool.), 18:45-50.
    • (1954) J. Fac. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 1 (Zool.) , vol.18 , pp. 45-50
    • Moriwaki, T.1
  • 181
    • 2642597925 scopus 로고
    • Studies on matured parthenogenetic frogs: I. The development and the reproductive ability
    • Moriwaki, T. (1957) Studies on matured parthenogenetic frogs: I. The development and the reproductive ability. J. Fac. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B. Div. 1 (Zool.), 17:13-34.
    • (1957) J. Fac. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B. Div. 1 (Zool.) , vol.17 , pp. 13-34
    • Moriwaki, T.1
  • 182
    • 85038538649 scopus 로고
    • Studies on matured parthenogenetic frogs: III. Offspring of female parthenogenetic frogs
    • Moriwaki, T. (1960a) Studies on matured parthenogenetic frogs: III. Offspring of female parthenogenetic frogs. J. Fac. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 1 (Zool.), 18:157-182.
    • (1960) J. Fac. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 1 (Zool.) , vol.18 , pp. 157-182
    • Moriwaki, T.1
  • 183
    • 2642596948 scopus 로고
    • Studies on matured parthenogenetic frogs: IV. On second generation offspring of parthenogenetic frogs
    • Moriwaki, T. (1960b) Studies on matured parthenogenetic frogs: IV. On second generation offspring of parthenogenetic frogs. J. Fac. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 1 (Zool.), 18:183-193.
    • (1960) J. Fac. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 1 (Zool.) , vol.18 , pp. 183-193
    • Moriwaki, T.1
  • 184
    • 0018769481 scopus 로고
    • Appearance of H-W (H-Y) antigen in the gonads of oestradiol sex-reversed male chicken embryos
    • Müller, U., M.T. Zenzes, and V. Wolf (1979) Appearance of H-W (H-Y) antigen in the gonads of oestradiol sex-reversed male chicken embryos. Nature, 280:142-144.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.280 , pp. 142-144
    • Müller, U.1    Zenzes, M.T.2    Wolf, V.3
  • 185
    • 0019151936 scopus 로고
    • Induction of HY-antigen in the gonads of male quail embryos by diethylstilbestrol
    • Müller, U., A. Guichard, M. Reyss-Brien, and D. Scheib (1980) Induction of HY-antigen in the gonads of male quail embryos by diethylstilbestrol. Differentiation, 16:129-133.
    • (1980) Differentiation , vol.16 , pp. 129-133
    • Müller, U.1    Guichard, A.2    Reyss-Brien, M.3    Scheib, D.4
  • 186
    • 0040380663 scopus 로고
    • Cytogenetics of European plethodontid salamanders of the genus Hydromantes (Amphibia, Urodela)
    • Nardi, I., F. Andronico, S. DeLucchini, and R. Batistoni (1986) Cytogenetics of European plethodontid salamanders of the genus Hydromantes (Amphibia, Urodela). Chromosoms, 94:377-388.
    • (1986) Chromosoms , vol.94 , pp. 377-388
    • Nardi, I.1    Andronico, F.2    DeLucchini, S.3    Batistoni, R.4
  • 188
    • 0013078913 scopus 로고
    • Sex of reciprocal hybrids between the Hamakita (XX-XY type) population and the Murakami (ZW-ZZ type) population of Rana rugosa
    • Nishioka, M., and H. Hanada (1994) Sex of reciprocal hybrids between the Hamakita (XX-XY type) population and the Murakami (ZW-ZZ type) population of Rana rugosa. Sci. Rep. Lab. Amphib. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 13:35-50.
    • (1994) Sci. Rep. Lab. Amphib. Biol. Hiroshima Univ. , vol.13 , pp. 35-50
    • Nishioka, M.1    Hanada, H.2
  • 190
    • 2642627544 scopus 로고
    • Gonadal development and germ cell kinetics in the course of sex differentiation in the salamander Onychododactylus japonicus
    • Nomura, T., and H. Iwasawa (1992) Gonadal development and germ cell kinetics in the course of sex differentiation in the salamander Onychododactylus japonicus. Jpn. J. Herpetol., 4:170-177.
    • (1992) Jpn. J. Herpetol. , vol.4 , pp. 170-177
    • Nomura, T.1    Iwasawa, H.2
  • 191
    • 0002649803 scopus 로고
    • Sex determining mechanism in Buergeria buergeri (Schlegal): I. Heterozygosity of chromosome pair no. 7 in the female
    • Ohta, S. (1986) Sex determining mechanism in Buergeria buergeri (Schlegal): I. Heterozygosity of chromosome pair no. 7 in the female. Sci. Rep. Lab. Amphib. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 8:29-43.
    • (1986) Sci. Rep. Lab. Amphib. Biol. Hiroshima Univ. , vol.8 , pp. 29-43
    • Ohta, S.1
  • 192
    • 0000601138 scopus 로고
    • Sex determining mechanism in Buergeria buergeri (Schlegel): II. The effects of sex hormones on the differentiation of gonads and the offspring of sex-reversed females
    • Ohta, S. (1987) Sex determining mechanism in Buergeria buergeri (Schlegel): II. The effects of sex hormones on the differentiation of gonads and the offspring of sex-reversed females. Sci. Rep. Lab. Amphib. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 9:213-238.
    • (1987) Sci. Rep. Lab. Amphib. Biol. Hiroshima Univ. , vol.9 , pp. 213-238
    • Ohta, S.1
  • 193
    • 78651129248 scopus 로고
    • Analyse in vivo du métabolisme des oestrogènes au cours de la différenciation sexuelle chez le Triton pleurodeles waltlli Michah
    • Ozon, R. (1963) Analyse in vivo du métabolisme des oestrogènes au cours de la différenciation sexuelle chez le Triton pleurodeles waltlli Michah. C.R. Acad. Sci., 257:2332-2335.
    • (1963) C.R. Acad. Sci. , vol.257 , pp. 2332-2335
    • Ozon, R.1
  • 194
    • 2642637798 scopus 로고
    • Effetto paradossale (mascolinizzazione) sulla differenziazione sessuale di girini Rana esculenta trattati con ormone follicolare
    • Padoa, E. (1936) Effetto paradossale (mascolinizzazione) sulla differenziazione sessuale di girini Rana esculenta trattati con ormone follicolare. Mon. Zool. Ital., 47:285-289.
    • (1936) Mon. Zool. Ital. , vol.47 , pp. 285-289
    • Padoa, E.1
  • 195
    • 0343062924 scopus 로고
    • La differenziazione del sesso invertita mediante la somministrazione di ormoni sessuali. Ricerche con follicolina in Rana esculenta
    • Padoa, E. (1938) La differenziazione del sesso invertita mediante la somministrazione di ormoni sessuali. Ricerche con follicolina in Rana esculenta. Arch. Ital. Anat. Embryol., 40:122-172.
    • (1938) Arch. Ital. Anat. Embryol. , vol.40 , pp. 122-172
    • Padoa, E.1
  • 196
    • 0007394157 scopus 로고
    • Il differenziamento del sesso invertito mediante la somministrazione di ormoni sessuali e corticosurrenali. Ricerche con diidrofollicolina, progesterone e acetato di desossicorticosterone, in Rana esculenta
    • Padoa, E. (1942) Il differenziamento del sesso invertito mediante la somministrazione di ormoni sessuali e corticosurrenali. Ricerche con diidrofollicolina, progesterone e acetato di desossicorticosterone, in Rana esculenta. Pubbl. Staz. Zool. Napoli, 19:185-232.
    • (1942) Pubbl. Staz. Zool. Napoli , vol.19 , pp. 185-232
    • Padoa, E.1
  • 197
    • 0344105961 scopus 로고
    • Differente sensibilità al testosterone dei genotipi maschili e femminili
    • Padoa, E. (1947) Differente sensibilità al testosterone dei genotipi maschili e femminili. Arch. Zool. Ital., 32:1-24.
    • (1947) Arch. Zool. Ital. , vol.32 , pp. 1-24
    • Padoa, E.1
  • 198
    • 85038535680 scopus 로고
    • Gonades, reins et tissue interrénal de Têtards de Rana esculenta traitées par une hormone gluco-corticoïde
    • Padoa, E. (1957) Gonades, reins et tissue interrénal de Têtards de Rana esculenta traitées par une hormone gluco-corticoïde. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. VI (Zool.), 13:408-413.
    • (1957) J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. VI (Zool.) , vol.13 , pp. 408-413
    • Padoa, E.1
  • 199
    • 0026284173 scopus 로고
    • The effects of orchidectomy and gonadotropins on steroidogenesis and oogenesis in Bidder's organs of the toad Bufo woodhousii
    • Pancak-Roessler, M.K., and D.O. Norris (1991) The effects of orchidectomy and gonadotropins on steroidogenesis and oogenesis in Bidder's organs of the toad Bufo woodhousii. J. Exp. Zool., 260:323-326.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.260 , pp. 323-326
    • Pancak-Roessler, M.K.1    Norris, D.O.2
  • 200
    • 2642606249 scopus 로고
    • Osservazioni sulla struttura delle gonadi di tritoni ibridi in riferimento alia genesi del tessuto midollare
    • Papi, F. (1947) Osservazioni sulla struttura delle gonadi di tritoni ibridi in riferimento alia genesi del tessuto midollare. Atti Soc. Tose. Sci. Nat., 54:3-7.
    • (1947) Atti Soc. Tose. Sci. Nat. , vol.54 , pp. 3-7
    • Papi, F.1
  • 201
    • 85038533730 scopus 로고
    • La gonade femminille dell'ibrido Triton cristatus female × T. vulgaris male
    • Papi, F. (1949) La gonade femminille dell'ibrido Triton cristatus female × T. vulgaris male. Atti Soc. Tose. Sci. Nat., 56:3-24.
    • (1949) Atti Soc. Tose. Sci. Nat. , vol.56 , pp. 3-24
    • Papi, F.1
  • 202
    • 84966161638 scopus 로고
    • The chromosomes of parthenogenetic frogs and tadpoles
    • Parmenter, C.L. (1925) The chromosomes of parthenogenetic frogs and tadpoles. J. Gen. Physiol., 8:1-20.
    • (1925) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.8 , pp. 1-20
    • Parmenter, C.L.1
  • 203
    • 84982061757 scopus 로고
    • Haploid, diploid, triploid, and tetraploid chromosome numbers, and their origins in parthenogenetically developed larvae and frogs of Rana pipiens and R. palustris
    • Parmenter, C.L. (1933) Haploid, diploid, triploid, and tetraploid chromosome numbers, and their origins in parthenogenetically developed larvae and frogs of Rana pipiens and R. palustris. J. Exp. Zool. 66:409-453.
    • (1933) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.66 , pp. 409-453
    • Parmenter, C.L.1
  • 204
    • 26344471100 scopus 로고
    • Ueber das geschechtbestimmenden ursachen und die gesechtsverhältnisse der frösche
    • Pflüger, E. (1881) Ueber das geschechtbestimmenden ursachen und die gesechtsverhältnisse der frösche. Arch. F. Gesamte Phys., 29:13-40.
    • (1881) Arch. F. Gesamte Phys. , vol.29 , pp. 13-40
    • Pflüger, E.1
  • 205
    • 0013619757 scopus 로고
    • Détermination du sexe chez les batraciens en fonction de la température
    • Piquet, J. (1930) Détermination du sexe chez les batraciens en fonction de la température. Rev. Suisse Zool., 37:173-281.
    • (1930) Rev. Suisse Zool. , vol.37 , pp. 173-281
    • Piquet, J.1
  • 206
    • 85038532725 scopus 로고
    • Le problême du sexe et l'évolution de l'organe de Bidder du crapaud
    • Ponse, K. (1930) Le problême du sexe et l'évolution de l'organe de Bidder du crapaud. Proc. 2nd Int. Congr. Sex Res. 202-210.
    • (1930) Proc. 2nd Int. Congr. Sex Res. , pp. 202-210
    • Ponse, K.1
  • 208
    • 84982076589 scopus 로고
    • Some reactions of the gonads of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles to injections of mammalian hormonal substances
    • Pucket, W.O. (1939) Some reactions of the gonads of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles to injections of mammalian hormonal substances. J. Exp. Zool., 81:43-63.
    • (1939) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.81 , pp. 43-63
    • Pucket, W.O.1
  • 209
    • 84982077529 scopus 로고
    • Some effects of crystalline sex hormones on the differentiation of the gonads of an undifferentiated race of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles
    • Pucket, W.O. (1940) Some effects of crystalline sex hormones on the differentiation of the gonads of an undifferentiated race of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. J. Exp. Zool., 84:39-51.
    • (1940) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.84 , pp. 39-51
    • Pucket, W.O.1
  • 210
    • 0028088876 scopus 로고
    • Interplay between thyroid hormone and estrogen in modulating expression of their receptor and vitellogenin genes during Xenopus metamorphosis
    • Rabelo, E.M.L., B.S. Baker, and J.M. Tata (1994) Interplay between thyroid hormone and estrogen in modulating expression of their receptor and vitellogenin genes during Xenopus metamorphosis. Mech. Dev., 45:49-57.
    • (1994) Mech. Dev. , vol.45 , pp. 49-57
    • Rabelo, E.M.L.1    Baker, B.S.2    Tata, J.M.3
  • 211
    • 0014470652 scopus 로고
    • In vitro conversion of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione by mashed gonads from metamorphic stages of Xenopus laevis
    • Rao, G.S., H. Breur, and E. Witschi (1969) In vitro conversion of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione by mashed gonads from metamorphic stages of Xenopus laevis. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 12:119-123.
    • (1969) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.12 , pp. 119-123
    • Rao, G.S.1    Breur, H.2    Witschi, E.3
  • 212
    • 0014419337 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of oestradiol-17β by male and female larvae of Xenopus laevis
    • Rao, G.S., H. Breur, and E. Witschi (1968) Metabolism of oestradiol-17β by male and female larvae of Xenopus laevis. Experientia, 24:1258.
    • (1968) Experientia , vol.24 , pp. 1258
    • Rao, G.S.1    Breur, H.2    Witschi, E.3
  • 213
    • 0016755666 scopus 로고
    • The effects of anti-androgens and antiestrogens in nonmammalian vertebrates
    • Rastogi, R.K., and G. Chieffi (1975) The effects of anti-androgens and antiestrogens in nonmammalian vertebrates. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 26:79-91.
    • (1975) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.26 , pp. 79-91
    • Rastogi, R.K.1    Chieffi, G.2
  • 214
    • 2642691550 scopus 로고
    • Ueber die entwicklung der geschlechtsteile bei den amphibien
    • Rathke, H. (1825) Ueber die entwicklung der geschlechtsteile bei den amphibien. Schrift. Nat. Forsch. Ges. Danzig.
    • (1825) Schrift. Nat. Forsch. Ges. Danzig
    • Rathke, H.1
  • 215
    • 0040230256 scopus 로고
    • Morphology of the developing gonad of Bufa arenarum in the presence of goitrogen
    • Rengel, D.A., A. Pisanò, and L.A. Mirandi (1993) Morphology of the developing gonad of Bufa arenarum in the presence of goitrogen. Comp. Biol., 11:111-123.
    • (1993) Comp. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 111-123
    • Rengel, D.A.1    Pisanò, A.2    Mirandi, L.A.3
  • 216
    • 0020037775 scopus 로고
    • The alteration of chromatophore expression by sex hormones in the Kenyan reed frog, Hyperolius viridiflavus
    • Richards, C.M. (1982) The alteration of chromatophore expression by sex hormones in the Kenyan reed frog, Hyperolius viridiflavus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 46:59-67.
    • (1982) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.46 , pp. 59-67
    • Richards, C.M.1
  • 217
    • 0000965682 scopus 로고
    • Sex ratios of naturally-incubated alligator hatchlings: Field techniques and initial results
    • Rhodes, W.E., and J.W. Lang (1995) Sex ratios of naturally-incubated alligator hatchlings: Field techniques and initial results. Proc. Annu. Conf. Southeast Assoc. Fish and Wildlife Agencies, 49:640-646.
    • (1995) Proc. Annu. Conf. Southeast Assoc. Fish and Wildlife Agencies , vol.49 , pp. 640-646
    • Rhodes, W.E.1    Lang, J.W.2
  • 218
    • 0018240414 scopus 로고
    • Gynogenetic and hormonal sex reversal used in tests of the XX-XY hypothesis of sex determination in Rana pipiens
    • Richards, C.M., and G.W. Nace (1978) Gynogenetic and hormonal sex reversal used in tests of the XX-XY hypothesis of sex determination in Rana pipiens. Growth, 42:319-331.
    • (1978) Growth , vol.42 , pp. 319-331
    • Richards, C.M.1    Nace, G.W.2
  • 219
    • 0030000272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone controls the onset of androgen sensitivity in the developing larynx of Xenopus laevis
    • Robertson, J.C., and D.B. Kelley (1996) Thyroid hormone controls the onset of androgen sensitivity in the developing larynx of Xenopus laevis. Dev. Biol., 176:108-123.
    • (1996) Dev. Biol. , vol.176 , pp. 108-123
    • Robertson, J.C.1    Kelley, D.B.2
  • 221
    • 0030297810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of Peptidase-I, a sex-linked enzyme, during larval development at normal or sex reversal rearing temperature and according to tissues in adults of Pleurodeles watl (urodele amphibian)
    • Rudolf, E., and C. Dournon (1996) Activity of Peptidase-I, a sex-linked enzyme, during larval development at normal or sex reversal rearing temperature and according to tissues in adults of Pleurodeles watl (urodele amphibian). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 115:177-186.
    • (1996) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.115 , pp. 177-186
    • Rudolf, E.1    Dournon, C.2
  • 222
    • 2642653128 scopus 로고
    • The effect of hydrostatic pressure upon the early development of the frog's egg (Rana pipiens): I. Macroscopic observations
    • Rugh, R., and D. Marsland (1943) The effect of hydrostatic pressure upon the early development of the frog's egg (Rana pipiens): I. Macroscopic observations. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 86:459-466.
    • (1943) Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. , vol.86 , pp. 459-466
    • Rugh, R.1    Marsland, D.2
  • 223
    • 0039201698 scopus 로고
    • Alcuni aspetti del differenziamento sessuale di una razza ben differenziata di Rana esculenta, in relazione con la teoria dei differenziatori sessuali
    • Sabbadin, A. (1951a) Alcuni aspetti del differenziamento sessuale di una razza ben differenziata di Rana esculenta, in relazione con la teoria dei differenziatori sessuali. Riv. Biol., 43:107-129.
    • (1951) Riv. Biol. , vol.43 , pp. 107-129
    • Sabbadin, A.1
  • 224
    • 0040980533 scopus 로고
    • Studio morfologico e quantitativo sullo sviluppo della gonadi di una razza differemziata ferenziata di Rana dalmatina. Considerazioni intorno al differenziamento sessuale negli anfibi anura
    • Sabbadin, A. (1951b) Studio morfologico e quantitativo sullo sviluppo della gonadi di una razza differemziata ferenziata di Rana dalmatina. Considerazioni intorno al differenziamento sessuale negli anfibi anura. Arch. Zool. (Ital.), Napoli, 36:167-217.
    • (1951) Arch. Zool. (Ital.), Napoli , vol.36 , pp. 167-217
    • Sabbadin, A.1
  • 225
    • 2642657175 scopus 로고
    • Die urgeschlechtszellen von Amblystoma. Ein beitrag zur kenntnis der keimbahn der usodelen amphibien
    • Schapitz, R. (1912) Die urgeschlechtszellen von Amblystoma. Ein beitrag zur kenntnis der keimbahn der usodelen amphibien. Arch. Mikr. Anat., 79:41-78.
    • (1912) Arch. Mikr. Anat. , vol.79 , pp. 41-78
    • Schapitz, R.1
  • 226
    • 0018857535 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome banding in amphibia: V. Highly differentiated ZW/ZZ sex chromosomes and exceptional genome size in Pyxicephalus adspersus (Anura, Ranidae)
    • Schmid, M. (1980) Chromosome banding in amphibia: V. Highly differentiated ZW/ZZ sex chromosomes and exceptional genome size in Pyxicephalus adspersus (Anura, Ranidae). Chromosoma, 80:69-96.
    • (1980) Chromosoma , vol.80 , pp. 69-96
    • Schmid, M.1
  • 227
    • 0020975399 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of sex chromosomes and heterogametic systems in amphibia
    • Schmid, M. (1983) Evolution of sex chromosomes and heterogametic systems in amphibia. Differentiation, 23(Suppl): S13-S22.
    • (1983) Differentiation , vol.23 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Schmid, M.1
  • 228
    • 0019422817 scopus 로고
    • A frog with highly evolved sex chromosomes
    • Schmid, M., and K. Bachman (1981) A frog with highly evolved sex chromosomes. Experientia, 37:243-244.
    • (1981) Experientia , vol.37 , pp. 243-244
    • Schmid, M.1    Bachman, K.2
  • 229
    • 0027407037 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome banding in amphibia: XiX. Primitive ZW/ZZ sex chromosomes in Buergeria buergeri (anura, Rhacophoridae)
    • Schmid, M., S. Ohta, C. Steinlein, and M. Guttenbach (1993) Chromosome banding in amphibia: XiX. Primitive ZW/ZZ sex chromosomes in Buergeria buergeri (anura, Rhacophoridae). Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 62:238-246.
    • (1993) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. , vol.62 , pp. 238-246
    • Schmid, M.1    Ohta, S.2    Steinlein, C.3    Guttenbach, M.4
  • 230
    • 0013603538 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome banding in amphibia: X. 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes, nucleolus organizers and nucleoli in Gastrotheca riobambae
    • Schmid, M., S.H. Sims, and M.C. MacGregor (1986) Chromosome banding in amphibia: X. 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes, nucleolus organizers and nucleoli in Gastrotheca riobambae. Chromosoma, 94:139-145.
    • (1986) Chromosoma , vol.94 , pp. 139-145
    • Schmid, M.1    Sims, S.H.2    MacGregor, M.C.3
  • 231
    • 0000240021 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome banding in amphibia: XIII. Sex chromosomes, heterochromatin and meiosis in marsupial frogs (anura, Hylidae)
    • Schmid, M., C. Steinlein, W. Feichtinger, C.G. de Almeida, and W.G. Duellman (1988) Chromosome banding in amphibia: XIII. Sex chromosomes, heterochromatin and meiosis in marsupial frogs (anura, Hylidae). Chromosoma, 97:33-42.
    • (1988) Chromosoma , vol.97 , pp. 33-42
    • Schmid, M.1    Steinlein, C.2    Feichtinger, W.3    De Almeida, C.G.4    Duellman, W.G.5
  • 232
    • 0025131410 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome banding in amphibia: XV. Two types of Y chromosome and heterochromatin hypervariability in Gastrotheca pseustes (anura, Hylidae)
    • Schmid, M., C. Steinlein, R. Friedl, C.G. Almeida, T. Maef, V.M. Hillis, and W.G. Duellman (1990) Chromosome banding in amphibia: XV. Two types of Y chromosome and heterochromatin hypervariability in Gastrotheca pseustes (anura, Hylidae). Chromosoma, 99:413-423.
    • (1990) Chromosoma , vol.99 , pp. 413-423
    • Schmid, M.1    Steinlein, C.2    Friedl, R.3    Almeida, C.G.4    Maef, T.5    Hillis, V.M.6    Duellman, W.G.7
  • 233
    • 0345399853 scopus 로고
    • The effect of anterior pituitary implants and of estradiol benzoate on the gonads and gonaducts of newly metamorphosed frogs, Rana pipiens
    • Schreiber, S.S., and R. Hugh (1945) The effect of anterior pituitary implants and of estradiol benzoate on the gonads and gonaducts of newly metamorphosed frogs, Rana pipiens. J. Exp. Zool., 99:93-109.
    • (1945) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.99 , pp. 93-109
    • Schreiber, S.S.1    Hugh, R.2
  • 234
    • 0000757072 scopus 로고
    • Physical factors influencing oviposition by the woodfrog (Rana sylvatica) in Pennsylvania
    • Seale, D. (1982) Physical factors influencing oviposition by the woodfrog (Rana sylvatica) in Pennsylvania. Copeia, 3:627-635.
    • (1982) Copeia , vol.3 , pp. 627-635
    • Seale, D.1
  • 236
    • 0020479612 scopus 로고
    • Gonadal differentiation in frogs, Rana japonica and R. brevipoda, raised from UV irradiated eggs
    • Shirane, T. (1982) Gonadal differentiation in frogs, Rana japonica and R. brevipoda, raised from UV irradiated eggs. J. Exp. Zool., 223:165-113.
    • (1982) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.223 , pp. 165-1113
    • Shirane, T.1
  • 237
    • 84989621769 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of gonadal differentiation in frogs derived from UV-irradiated eggs
    • Shirane, T. (1984) Regulation of gonadal differentiation in frogs derived from UV-irradiated eggs. Zool. Sci., 1:281-289.
    • (1984) Zool. Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 281-289
    • Shirane, T.1
  • 238
    • 0022500763 scopus 로고
    • A new early, morphological indication of sex differentiation in anura, Rana japonica and R. nigromaculata
    • Shirane, T. (1986) A new early, morphological indication of sex differentiation in anura, Rana japonica and R. nigromaculata. J. Exp. Zool., 240:113-118.
    • (1986) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.240 , pp. 113-118
    • Shirane, T.1
  • 239
    • 0023409828 scopus 로고
    • Role of peanut-lectin affinity molecules (PLAM) on primordial germ cells in the initial determination of sex in anura
    • Shirane, T. (1987) Role of peanut-lectin affinity molecules (PLAM) on primordial germ cells in the initial determination of sex in anura. J. Exp. Zool., 243:495-502.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.243 , pp. 495-502
    • Shirane, T.1
  • 240
    • 0013607013 scopus 로고
    • Geographic variability of sex-linked loci in the Japanese brown frog, Rana japonica
    • Sumida, M., and M. Nishioka (1994) Geographic variability of sex-linked loci in the Japanese brown frog, Rana japonica. Sci. Rep. Lab. Amphib. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 13:173-195.
    • (1994) Sci. Rep. Lab. Amphib. Biol. Hiroshima Univ. , vol.13 , pp. 173-195
    • Sumida, M.1    Nishioka, M.2
  • 241
    • 0010687282 scopus 로고
    • Is there a transformation of sex in frogs?
    • Swingle, R. (1922) Is there a transformation of sex in frogs? Am. Nat., 56:193-210.
    • (1922) Am. Nat. , vol.56 , pp. 193-210
    • Swingle, R.1
  • 242
    • 0010643817 scopus 로고
    • The germ cells of anurans II. An embryological study of sex differentiation in Rana catesbeiana
    • Swingle, W.W. (1926) The germ cells of anurans II. An embryological study of sex differentiation in Rana catesbeiana. J. Morphol. Physiol., 41:441-546.
    • (1926) J. Morphol. Physiol. , vol.41 , pp. 441-546
    • Swingle, W.W.1
  • 243
    • 2642635719 scopus 로고
    • The effects of some sex hormones on the development of Bidder's organ in Bufo vulgaris formosus Boulenger
    • Takahashi, H. (1956) The effects of some sex hormones on the development of Bidder's organ in Bufo vulgaris formosus Boulenger. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. VI (Zool.), 12:297-308.
    • (1956) J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. VI (Zool.) , vol.12 , pp. 297-308
    • Takahashi, H.1
  • 244
    • 2642663347 scopus 로고
    • Gonadal reaction in the tree frog larvae (Hyla arborea japonica Guenther) to the androgen
    • Takahashi, U. (1958) Gonadal reaction in the tree frog larvae (Hyla arborea japonica Guenther) to the androgen. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. VI (Zool.), 14:92-99.
    • (1958) J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. VI (Zool.) , vol.14 , pp. 92-99
    • Takahashi, U.1
  • 245
    • 0011914307 scopus 로고
    • Development of gonad and Bidder's organ in Bufo japonicus fonnosus: Histological observation
    • Tanimura, A., and H. Iwasawa (1986) Development of gonad and Bidder's organ in Bufo japonicus fonnosus: Histological observation. Sci. Rep. Niigata Univ., Ser. D (Biol.), 23:11-21.
    • (1986) Sci. Rep. Niigata Univ., Ser. D (Biol.) , vol.23 , pp. 11-21
    • Tanimura, A.1    Iwasawa, H.2
  • 246
    • 0007352494 scopus 로고
    • Germ cell kinetics in gonadal development in the toad Bufo japonicus formosus
    • Tanimura, A., and H. Iwasawa (1987) Germ cell kinetics in gonadal development in the toad Bufo japonicus formosus. Zool. Sci., 4:657-664.
    • (1987) Zool. Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 657-664
    • Tanimura, A.1    Iwasawa, H.2
  • 247
    • 0024310517 scopus 로고
    • Origin of somatic cells and histogenesis in the primordial gonad of the Japanese treefrog Rhacophorus arboreas
    • Tanimura, A., and H. Iwasawa (1989) Origin of somatic cells and histogenesis in the primordial gonad of the Japanese treefrog Rhacophorus arboreas. Anat. Embryol., 180:165-173.
    • (1989) Anat. Embryol. , vol.180 , pp. 165-173
    • Tanimura, A.1    Iwasawa, H.2
  • 248
    • 33847025596 scopus 로고
    • Stages in the normal development of Rana pipiens larvae
    • Taylor, A.C., and J.J. Kollros (1946) Stages in the normal development of Rana pipiens larvae. Anat. Rec., 94:7-24.
    • (1946) Anat. Rec. , vol.94 , pp. 7-24
    • Taylor, A.C.1    Kollros, J.J.2
  • 249
    • 64649083613 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the sexuality of amphibia: II. Sexual induction in a sexually semidifferentiated salamander
    • Uchida, T. (1937a) Studies on the sexuality of amphibia: II. Sexual induction in a sexually semidifferentiated salamander. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. VI (Zool.), 6:1-34.
    • (1937) J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. VI (Zool.) , vol.6 , pp. 1-34
    • Uchida, T.1
  • 250
    • 0013594123 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the sexuality of amphibia: III. Sex transformation in Hynobius retardatus by the function of high temperature
    • Uchida, T. (1937b) Studies on the sexuality of amphibia: III. Sex transformation in Hynobius retardatus by the function of high temperature. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., 6:59-70.
    • (1937) J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. , vol.6 , pp. 59-70
    • Uchida, T.1
  • 251
    • 2642690537 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effects of desoxycorticosterone on gonadal development between two anuran species
    • Uchida, T., and H. Takahashi (1959) A comparison of the effects of desoxycorticosterone on gonadal development between two anuran species. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser. VI (Zool). 285-295.
    • (1959) J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser. VI (Zool) , pp. 285-295
    • Uchida, T.1    Takahashi, H.2
  • 252
    • 2642700850 scopus 로고
    • Natural triploidy in salamanders related to Ambystoma jeffersonium
    • Uzzell, T.M. (1963) Natural triploidy in salamanders related to Ambystoma jeffersonium. Science, 139:113-115.
    • (1963) Science , vol.139 , pp. 113-115
    • Uzzell, T.M.1
  • 253
    • 0000573723 scopus 로고
    • Relations of the diploid and triploid species of the Ambystoma jeffersonium complex (Amphibia, Caudata)
    • Uzzell, T.M. (1964) Relations of the diploid and triploid species of the Ambystoma jeffersonium complex (Amphibia, Caudata). Copeia, 1964:257-300.
    • (1964) Copeia , vol.1964 , pp. 257-300
    • Uzzell, T.M.1
  • 254
    • 0003153282 scopus 로고
    • Serum proteins of salamanders of the Ambystoma jeffersonianum complex, and the origin of the triploid species of this group
    • Uzzell, T.M., and S.M. Goldblatt (1967) Serum proteins of salamanders of the Ambystoma jeffersonianum complex, and the origin of the triploid species of this group. Evolution, 21:345-354.
    • (1967) Evolution , vol.21 , pp. 345-354
    • Uzzell, T.M.1    Goldblatt, S.M.2
  • 255
    • 85038538094 scopus 로고
    • La partecipszione del tessuto interrenale nell'organogenesi della gonade e nei processi di intersessualà giovanile della Rana agilis
    • Vannini, E. (1941) La partecipszione del tessuto interrenale nell'organogenesi della gonade e nei processi di intersessualà giovanile della Rana agilis. R.C. Acad. Ital., 2:171-185.
    • (1941) R.C. Acad. Ital. , vol.2 , pp. 171-185
    • Vannini, E.1
  • 256
    • 0040386276 scopus 로고
    • Sull'origine interrenale dei cordoni della rete e dei corpi grassi durante lo sviluppo delle gandi e sulla partecipazione dell'interrenale ai processi di intersessualità giovanile nella Rana agilis
    • Vannini, E. (1942) Sull'origine interrenale dei cordoni della rete e dei corpi grassi durante lo sviluppo delle gandi e sulla partecipazione dell'interrenale ai processi di intersessualità giovanile nella Rana agilis. Atti. Acad. Ital., 13:731-787.
    • (1942) Atti. Acad. Ital. , vol.13 , pp. 731-787
    • Vannini, E.1
  • 257
    • 2642661328 scopus 로고
    • Azioni del desossicorticosterone e del progesterone sul differenziamento delle gonadi nei girini di Rana
    • Vannini, E. (1945) Azioni del desossicorticosterone e del progesterone sul differenziamento delle gonadi nei girini di Rana. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sperimen, 20:718-720.
    • (1945) Soc. Ital. Biol. Sperimen , vol.20 , pp. 718-720
    • Vannini, E.1
  • 258
    • 0346766050 scopus 로고
    • Sex differentiation in amphibia
    • Vannini, E. (1946) Sex differentiation in amphibia. Nature. 157:812-813.
    • (1946) Nature , vol.157 , pp. 812-813
    • Vannini, E.1
  • 259
    • 2542483528 scopus 로고
    • Sviluppo e differenziamento delle gonadi nei girini di Bombina pachypus
    • Vannini, E. (1947) Sviluppo e differenziamento delle gonadi nei girini di Bombina pachypus. Arch. Zool. (Ital.), Napoli, 31:173-188.
    • (1947) Arch. Zool. (Ital.), Napoli , vol.31 , pp. 173-188
    • Vannini, E.1
  • 260
    • 2642606248 scopus 로고
    • Impostazione di nuove ricerche sullo sviluppo degli organi di Bidder e delle gonadi in girini di Bufo
    • Vannini, E. (1956) Impostazione di nuove ricerche sullo sviluppo degli organi di Bidder e delle gonadi in girini di Bufo. Boll. Zool., 23:525-533.
    • (1956) Boll. Zool. , vol.23 , pp. 525-533
    • Vannini, E.1
  • 261
    • 2642692566 scopus 로고
    • Origine interrenale del tessuto midollare della gonade e sviluppo dell'orgabo di Bidder nei Bufo bufo (L.) e nel Bufo viridis Laur
    • Vannini, E., and I. Buseto (1945) Origine interrenale del tessuto midollare della gonade e sviluppo dell'orgabo di Bidder nei Bufo bufo (L.) e nel Bufo viridis Laur. Atti. Ist. Veneto., 104:631-680.
    • (1945) Atti. Ist. Veneto. , vol.104 , pp. 631-680
    • Vannini, E.1    Buseto, I.2
  • 262
    • 2642634644 scopus 로고
    • The relation of the interrenal blastema to the origin of the somatic tissue of the gonad in frog tadpoles
    • Vannini, E., and A. Sabbadin (1954) The relation of the interrenal blastema to the origin of the somatic tissue of the gonad in frog tadpoles. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 275-289.
    • (1954) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , pp. 275-289
    • Vannini, E.1    Sabbadin, A.2
  • 263
    • 0025083882 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the sensitive stages for gonadal sex-reversal in Xenopus laevis tadpoles
    • Villalpando, I., and H. Merchant-Larios (1990) Determination of the sensitive stages for gonadal sex-reversal in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Int. J. Dev. Biol., 34:281-285.
    • (1990) Int. J. Dev. Biol. , vol.34 , pp. 281-285
    • Villalpando, I.1    Merchant-Larios, H.2
  • 264
    • 2642628597 scopus 로고
    • Beitrege zur morphologischen und histologischen entwicklung der harn- und geschlechtswerkzeuge der nackten amphibien
    • Von Wittich (1853) Beitrege zur morphologischen und histologischen entwicklung der harn-und geschlechtswerkzeuge der nackten amphibien. Z. Wiss Zool., 4:125-167.
    • (1853) Z. Wiss Zool. , vol.4 , pp. 125-167
    • Von Wittich1
  • 265
    • 0016718126 scopus 로고
    • Possible role for H-Y antigen in the primary determination of sex
    • Wachtel, S.S., S. Ohno, G.C. Koo, and E.D. Boyse (1975) Possible role for H-Y antigen in the primary determination of sex. Nature, 257:235-236.
    • (1975) Nature , vol.257 , pp. 235-236
    • Wachtel, S.S.1    Ohno, S.2    Koo, G.C.3    Boyse, E.D.4
  • 266
    • 0001437247 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive significance of communal oviposition in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica)
    • Waldman, B. (1982) Adaptive significance of communal oviposition in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 10:169-174.
    • (1982) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.10 , pp. 169-174
    • Waldman, B.1
  • 267
    • 0014959119 scopus 로고
    • Polyploidy in the common tree toad Hyla versicolor Le Conte
    • Wasserman, A.O. (1970) Polyploidy in the common tree toad Hyla versicolor Le Conte. Science, 167:385-386.
    • (1970) Science , vol.167 , pp. 385-386
    • Wasserman, A.O.1
  • 268
    • 2642668339 scopus 로고
    • Cytological confirmation of female heterogamety in the African water frog (Xenopus laevis)
    • Weiler, C., and S. Ohno (1962) Cytological confirmation of female heterogamety in the African water frog (Xenopus laevis). Cytogenetics, 1:217-223.
    • (1962) Cytogenetics , vol.1 , pp. 217-223
    • Weiler, C.1    Ohno, S.2
  • 269
    • 0016426094 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative studies of germ plasm and germ cells during early embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis
    • Whitington, P.M.D., and K.E. Dixon (1975) Quantitative studies of germ plasm and germ cells during early embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 33:57-74.
    • (1975) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.33 , pp. 57-74
    • Whitington, P.M.D.1    Dixon, K.E.2
  • 270
    • 0002450061 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of sexual differentiation: Experiments with Xenopus laevis
    • Meredith, New York
    • Witschi, E. (1971) Mechanisms of sexual differentiation: Experiments with Xenopus laevis. In: Hormones and Development. Meredith, New York, pp. 601-618.
    • (1971) Hormones and Development , pp. 601-618
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 271
    • 0040386278 scopus 로고
    • Studien über die geschlechtsbestimmung bei fröschen
    • Witschi, E. (1914) Studien über die geschlechtsbestimmung bei fröschen. Archiv. Mikros. Anat., 86:1-51.
    • (1914) Archiv. Mikros. Anat. , vol.86 , pp. 1-51
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 272
    • 0042890668 scopus 로고
    • Development of gonads and transformation of sex in the frog
    • Witschi, E. (1921) Development of gonads and transformation of sex in the frog. Am. Nat., 55:529-538.
    • (1921) Am. Nat. , vol.55 , pp. 529-538
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 273
    • 84982074721 scopus 로고
    • Testis grafting in tadpoles of Rana temporaria L. and its bearing on the hormone theory of sex determination
    • Witschi, E. (1927) Testis grafting in tadpoles of Rana temporaria L. and its bearing on the hormone theory of sex determination. J. Exp. Zool., 47:269-294.
    • (1927) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.47 , pp. 269-294
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 274
    • 84982065685 scopus 로고
    • Studies on sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: II. Sex reversal in female tadpoles of Rana sylvatica following the application of high temperature
    • Witschi, E. (1929a) Studies on sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: II. Sex reversal in female tadpoles of Rana sylvatica following the application of high temperature. J. Exp. Zool., 52:267-289.
    • (1929) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.52 , pp. 267-289
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 275
    • 84982071802 scopus 로고
    • Studies on sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: III. Rudimentary hermaphroditism and Y chromosome in Rana temporaria
    • Witschi, E. (1929b) Studies on sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: III. Rudimentary hermaphroditism and Y chromosome in Rana temporaria. J. Exp. Zool., 54:157-223.
    • (1929) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.54 , pp. 157-223
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 276
    • 84982338859 scopus 로고
    • Studies on sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: I. Development and sexual differentiation of the gonads of Rana sylvatica
    • Witschi, E. (1929c) Studies on sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: I. Development and sexual differentiation of the gonads of Rana sylvatica. J. Exp. Zool., 52:235-265.
    • (1929) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.52 , pp. 235-265
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 277
    • 84982337557 scopus 로고
    • Studies on sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: IV. The geographical distribution of the sex races of the European grass frog (Rana temporaria, L.). A contribution to the problem of the evolution of sex
    • Witschi, E. (1930) Studies on sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: IV. The geographical distribution of the sex races of the European grass frog (Rana temporaria, L.). A contribution to the problem of the evolution of sex. J. Exp. Zool., 56:149-165.
    • (1930) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.56 , pp. 149-165
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 278
    • 84982336021 scopus 로고
    • Studies on sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: V. Range of the cortex-medulla antagonism in parabiotic twins of Ranidae and Hylidae
    • Witschi, E. (1931) Studies on sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: V. Range of the cortex-medulla antagonism in parabiotic twins of Ranidae and Hylidae. J. Exp. Zool., 58:113-145.
    • (1931) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.58 , pp. 113-145
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 279
    • 2642593926 scopus 로고
    • Studies in sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: VI. The nature of the Bidder's organ in the toad
    • Witschi, E. (1933a) Studies in sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: VI. The nature of the Bidder's organ in the toad. Am. J. Anat., 52:461-515.
    • (1933) Am. J. Anat. , vol.52 , pp. 461-515
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 280
    • 84982055437 scopus 로고
    • Studies on sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: VII. Sex in two local races of the spotted salamander, Amblystoma maculatum Shaw
    • Witschi, E. (1933b) Studies on sex differentiation and sex determination in amphibians: VII. Sex in two local races of the spotted salamander, Amblystoma maculatum Shaw. J. Exp. Zool., 65:215-241.
    • (1933) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.65 , pp. 215-241
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 281
    • 2642602957 scopus 로고
    • Genes and inductors of sex differentiation in amphibians
    • Witschi, E. (1934) Genes and inductors of sex differentiation in amphibians. Biol. Rev., 9:460-488.
    • (1934) Biol. Rev. , vol.9 , pp. 460-488
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 282
    • 0344968439 scopus 로고
    • Vortage an der hauptversammlung der S.S.G. (Sektion der S.N.G.). Geschlectsbestimmung durch chemikalien
    • Witschi, E. (1948) Vortage an der hauptversammlung der S.S.G. (Sektion der S.N.G.). Geschlectsbestimmung durch chemikalien. Julius Klaus-Stiftung, 23:525-538.
    • (1948) Julius Klaus-Stiftung , vol.23 , pp. 525-538
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 283
    • 0002722622 scopus 로고
    • Génétique et physiologie de la différenciation du sexe
    • Witschi, E. (1950) Génétique et physiologie de la différenciation du sexe. Arch. D'anatomie Micr., 39:215-246.
    • (1950) Arch. D'anatomie Micr. , vol.39 , pp. 215-246
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 284
    • 85003194406 scopus 로고
    • The experimental adrenogenital syndrome in the frog
    • Witschi, E. (1953) The experimental adrenogenital syndrome in the frog. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 13:316-329.
    • (1953) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.13 , pp. 316-329
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 286
    • 0008237273 scopus 로고
    • Age of sex determining mechanisms in vertebrates
    • Witschi, E. (1959) Age of sex determining mechanisms in vertebrates. Science, 130:372-375.
    • (1959) Science , vol.130 , pp. 372-375
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 287
    • 0000068616 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of sex differentiation in vertebrate embryos
    • R. Weber, ed. Academic Press, New York
    • Witschi, E. (1967) Biochemistry of sex differentiation in vertebrate embryos. In: The Biochemistry of Animal Development. R. Weber, ed. Academic Press, New York, pp. 193-225.
    • (1967) The Biochemistry of Animal Development , pp. 193-225
    • Witschi, E.1
  • 288
    • 0000691984 scopus 로고
    • Responses of Xenopus and Alytes to the administration of some steroid hormones
    • Witschi, E., and J. Allison (1950) Responses of Xenopus and Alytes to the administration of some steroid hormones. Anat. Rec., 108:589-590.
    • (1950) Anat. Rec. , vol.108 , pp. 589-590
    • Witschi, E.1    Allison, J.2
  • 289
    • 0141845200 scopus 로고
    • Cortisone-induced transformation of ovaries into testes in larval frogs
    • Witschi, E., and C.-Y. Chang (1950) Cortisone-induced transformation of ovaries into testes in larval frogs. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 75:715-718.
    • (1950) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.75 , pp. 715-718
    • Witschi, E.1    Chang, C.-Y.2
  • 290
    • 2642633636 scopus 로고
    • The freemartin effect in experimental parabiotic twins of Triturus torosus
    • Witschi, E., and H.M. McCurdy (1929) The freemartin effect in experimental parabiotic twins of Triturus torosus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 26:655-657.
    • (1929) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.26 , pp. 655-657
    • Witschi, E.1    McCurdy, H.M.2
  • 291
    • 0013619758 scopus 로고
    • Modification of sex differentiation by steroid hormones in a tree frog (Pseudacris nigrita triseriata Wied)
    • Witschi, E., C.L. Foote, and C.-Y. Chang (1958) Modification of sex differentiation by steroid hormones in a tree frog (Pseudacris nigrita triseriata Wied). Soc. Exp. Biol., 97:196-197.
    • (1958) Soc. Exp. Biol. , vol.97 , pp. 196-197
    • Witschi, E.1    Foote, C.L.2    Chang, C.-Y.3
  • 292
    • 0020662778 scopus 로고
    • Two sex-linked loci in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens
    • Wright, D.A., and C.M. Richards (1983) Two sex-linked loci in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Genetics, 103:249-261.
    • (1983) Genetics , vol.103 , pp. 249-261
    • Wright, D.A.1    Richards, C.M.2
  • 294
    • 0017240012 scopus 로고
    • The formation of the gonadal ridge in Xenopus laevis: I. A light and transmission electron microscope study
    • Wylie, C.C., and J. Heasman (1976) The formation of the gonadal ridge in Xenopus laevis: I. A light and transmission electron microscope study. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 35:125-138.
    • (1976) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.35 , pp. 125-138
    • Wylie, C.C.1    Heasman, J.2
  • 295
    • 0017291163 scopus 로고
    • The formation of the gonadal ridge in Xenopus laevis: II. A scanning electron microscope study
    • Wylie, G.G., M. Bancroft, and S. Heasman (1976) The formation of the gonadal ridge in Xenopus laevis: II. A scanning electron microscope study. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 35:139-148.
    • (1976) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.35 , pp. 139-148
    • Wylie, G.G.1    Bancroft, M.2    Heasman, S.3
  • 296
    • 2642604084 scopus 로고
    • Histological studies on gonadal development and sexual difference in germ cell number in Xenopus laevis
    • Yamaguchi, K., and H. Iwasawa (1981) Histological studies on gonadal development and sexual difference in germ cell number in Xenopus laevis. Zool. Mag., 90:456.
    • (1981) Zool. Mag. , vol.90 , pp. 456
    • Yamaguchi, K.1    Iwasawa, H.2
  • 297
    • 85038530911 scopus 로고
    • The action of the pituitary in sex differentiation and sex reversal in amphibians: I. Sex differentiation of hypophysectomized frog larvae
    • Yoshikura, M. (1959a) The action of the pituitary in sex differentiation and sex reversal in amphibians: I. Sex differentiation of hypophysectomized frog larvae. Kumamoto J. Sci., Ser. B, Sec. 2. Biol., 4:46-67.
    • (1959) Kumamoto J. Sci., Ser. B, Sec. 2. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 46-67
    • Yoshikura, M.1
  • 298
    • 2642592906 scopus 로고
    • Effects of high temperature on the gonads of hypophyestomized frog larvae
    • Yoshikura, M. (1959b) Effects of high temperature on the gonads of hypophyestomized frog larvae. Kumamoto J. Sci., Ser. B., Sec. 2, 4:69-101.
    • (1959) Kumamoto J. Sci., Ser. B., Sec. 2 , vol.4 , pp. 69-101
    • Yoshikura, M.1
  • 299
    • 2642591849 scopus 로고
    • Effects of administration of thyroid hormone receptor gene expression with amphibian metamorphosis
    • Yoshikura, M. (1960) Effects of administration of thyroid hormone receptor gene expression with amphibian metamorphosis. Genes Dev., 4:1917-1924.
    • (1960) Genes Dev. , vol.4 , pp. 1917-1924
    • Yoshikura, M.1
  • 300
    • 0039638295 scopus 로고
    • The action of the pituitary in sex differentiation and sex reversal in amphibians: III. Induction of gonad masculinization in the heat-treated hypophysectomized frog larvae
    • Yoshikura, M. (1961) The action of the pituitary in sex differentiation and sex reversal in amphibians: III. Induction of gonad masculinization in the heat-treated hypophysectomized frog larvae. Kumamoto J. Sci., Ser. B., Sec. 2, 5:185-219.
    • (1961) Kumamoto J. Sci., Ser. B., Sec. 2 , vol.5 , pp. 185-219
    • Yoshikura, M.1
  • 301
    • 2642657174 scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogens on the gonads of hypophysectomized frog larvae, with special references to the time factor in the responses of sex primordia
    • Yoshikura, M. (1962a) Effects of estrogens on the gonads of hypophysectomized frog larvae, with special references to the time factor in the responses of sex primordia. Kumamoto J. Sci., 6:13-51.
    • (1962) Kumamoto J. Sci. , vol.6 , pp. 13-51
    • Yoshikura, M.1
  • 302
    • 14644418675 scopus 로고
    • Influence of high temperature on the development of gonads of thiourea-treated frog tadpoles
    • Yoshikura, M. (1962b) Influence of high temperature on the development of gonads of thiourea-treated frog tadpoles. Kumamoto J. Sci., Ser. B., Sec. 2, 6:79-101.
    • (1962) Kumamoto J. Sci., Ser. B., Sec. 2 , vol.6 , pp. 79-101
    • Yoshikura, M.1
  • 303
    • 2642589874 scopus 로고
    • The role of the thyroid and pituitary glands in sex reversal in the frog tadpole
    • Yoshikura, M. (1962c) The role of the thyroid and pituitary glands in sex reversal in the frog tadpole. Kumamoto J. Sci., Serv. B., Sec. 2, 6:13-56.
    • (1962) Kumamoto J. Sci., Serv. B., Sec. 2 , vol.6 , pp. 13-56
    • Yoshikura, M.1
  • 304
    • 0015466361 scopus 로고
    • Effect of thyroid function on sex transformation in frog tadpoles
    • Yü, K-W., C.-Y. Hsü, and H.-M. Liang (1972) Effect of thyroid function on sex transformation in frog tadpoles. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 19:536-542.
    • (1972) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.19 , pp. 536-542
    • Yü, K.-W.1    Hsü, C.-Y.2    Liang, H.-M.3
  • 305
    • 0027562675 scopus 로고
    • Gonadal differentiation and secretions of estradiol and testosterone of the ovaries of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles treated with 4-hydroxyandrostenedione
    • Yu, N.-W., C.-Y. Hsu, H.H. Ku, L.-T. Chang, and H.W. Liu (1993) Gonadal differentiation and secretions of estradiol and testosterone of the ovaries of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles treated with 4-hydroxyandrostenedione. J. Exp. Zool., 265:252-257.
    • (1993) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.265 , pp. 252-257
    • Yu, N.-W.1    Hsu, C.-Y.2    Ku, H.H.3    Chang, L.-T.4    Liu, H.W.5
  • 306
    • 0018787636 scopus 로고
    • Sur la constance de l'expression de l'antigène H-Y-chez le sexe héterogamétique de quelques amphibiens et sur la mise en évidence d'un dimorphisme sexuel de l'expression de cet antigéne chez l'amphibien anoure Pelodytes punctatus D
    • Zaborski, P. (1979) Sur la constance de l'expression de l'antigène H-Y-chez le sexe héterogamétique de quelques amphibiens et sur la mise en évidence d'un dimorphisme sexuel de l'expression de cet antigéne chez l'amphibien anoure Pelodytes punctatus D. C.R. Acad. Sci., 289:1153-1156.
    • (1979) C.R. Acad. Sci. , vol.289 , pp. 1153-1156
    • Zaborski, P.1
  • 307
    • 0024026757 scopus 로고
    • Temperature-dependent gonadal differentiation in the turtle Emys orbicularis: Concordance between sexual phenotype and serological H-Y antigen expression at threshold temperature
    • Zaborski, P., M. Dorizzi, and C. Pieau (1988) Temperature-dependent gonadal differentiation in the turtle Emys orbicularis: Concordance between sexual phenotype and serological H-Y antigen expression at threshold temperature. Differentiation, 38:17-20.
    • (1988) Differentiation , vol.38 , pp. 17-20
    • Zaborski, P.1    Dorizzi, M.2    Pieau, C.3
  • 308
    • 0019868646 scopus 로고
    • Transient expression of H-Y antigen in quail ovotestis following early diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment
    • Zaborski, P., A. Guichard, and D. Scheib (1981) Transient expression of H-Y antigen in quail ovotestis following early diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment. Biol. Cell, 41:113-122.
    • (1981) Biol. Cell , vol.41 , pp. 113-122
    • Zaborski, P.1    Guichard, A.2    Scheib, D.3
  • 309
    • 2642601981 scopus 로고
    • Bidder's organ development and gonad differentiation in young postmetamorphic Bufo bufo toads
    • N.S.
    • Zaccanti, F., F. Di Grande, and G. Gardenghi (1971) Bidder's organ development and gonad differentiation in young postmetamorphic Bufo bufo toads. Monitore Zool. Ital. (N.S.), 5:11-23.
    • (1971) Monitore Zool. Ital. , vol.5 , pp. 11-23
    • Zaccanti, F.1    Di Grande, F.2    Gardenghi, G.3
  • 310
    • 0028325525 scopus 로고
    • Accelerated female differentiation of the gonad by inhibition of steroidogenesis in amphibia
    • Zaccanti, F., S. Petrini, M.L. Rubatta, A.M. Stagni, and P.P. Giorgi (1994) Accelerated female differentiation of the gonad by inhibition of steroidogenesis in amphibia. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 107A:171-179.
    • (1994) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.107 A , pp. 171-179
    • Zaccanti, F.1    Petrini, S.2    Rubatta, M.L.3    Stagni, A.M.4    Giorgi, P.P.5
  • 311
    • 0017625091 scopus 로고
    • Events in the germ cell lineage after entry of the primordial germ cells into the genital ridges in normal and u.v.-irradiated Xenopus laevis
    • Züst, B., and KE. Dixon (1977) Events in the germ cell lineage after entry of the primordial germ cells into the genital ridges in normal and u.v.-irradiated Xenopus laevis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 41:33-46.
    • (1977) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.41 , pp. 33-46
    • Züst, B.1    Dixon, K.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.