Does centrality in a cross-sectional network suggest intervention targets for social anxiety disorder?

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 86, Issue 10, 2018, Pages 831-844

  Rodebaugh, Thomas L ^a   Tonge, Natasha A ^a   Piccirill, Marilyn L ^a   Fried, Eiko ^b   Horenstein, Arielle ^c   Morrison, Amanda S ^d   Goldin, Philippe ^e   Gross, James J ^d   Lim, Michelle H ^a   Fernandez, Katya C ^a   Blanco, Carlos ^f   Schneier, Franklin R ^f   Bogdan, Ryan ^a   Thompson, Renee J ^a   Heimberg, Richard G ^c  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c TEMPLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; SOCIAL PHOBIA; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ADULT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, STATISTICAL; PHOBIA, SOCIAL;

EID: 85054063548     PISSN: 0022006X     EISSN: 19392117     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000336     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Baker, S. L., Heinrichs, N., Kim, H.-J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2002). The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale as a self-report instrument: A preliminary psychometric analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 701-715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00060-2
3. Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L.,... Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 286-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11
4. Borsboom, D. (2008). Psychometric perspectives on diagnostic systems. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64, 1089-1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20503
5. Borsboom, D. (2017). A network theory of mental disorders. World Psychiatry, 16, 5-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wps.20375
6. Borsboom, D., & Cramer, A. O. (2013). Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 91-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608
7. Borsboom, D., Cramer, A. O. J., Schmittmann, V. D., Epskamp, S., & Waldorp, L. J. (2011). The small world of psychopathology. PLoS ONE, 6, e27407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027407
8. Borsboom, D., Rhemtulla, M., Cramer, A. O. J., van der Maas, H. L. J., Scheffer, M., & Dolan, C. V. (2016). Kinds versus continua: A review of psychometric approaches to uncover the structure of psychiatric constructs. Psychological Medicine, 46, 1567-1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001944
9. Bos, F. M., Snippe, E., de Vos, S., Hartmann, J. A., Simons, C. J. P., van der Krieke, L.,... Wichers, M. (2017). Can we jump from crosssectional to dynamic interpretations of networks? Implications for the network perspective in psychiatry. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 86, 175-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000453583
10. Bringmann, L. F., Pe, M. L., Vissers, N., Ceulemans, E., Borsboom, D., Vanpaemel, W.,... Kuppens, P. (2016). Assessing temporal emotion dynamics using networks. Assessment, 23, 425-435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191116645909
11. Bringmann, L. F., Vissers, N., Wichers, M., Geschwind, N., Kuppens, P., Peeters, F.,... Tuerlinckx, F. (2013). A network approach to psychopathology: New insights into clinical longitudinal data. PLoS ONE, 8,e60188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060188
12. Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
13. Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (2014). Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5 (ADIS-5L): Client interview schedule. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
14. Carleton, R. N., Collimore, K. C., McCabe, R. E., & Antony, M. M. (2011). Addressing revisions to the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale: Measuring fear of negative evaluation across anxiety and mood disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 822-828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.04.002
15. Cole, D. A., & Maxwell, S. E. (2003). Testing mediational models with longitudinal data: Questions and tips in the use of structural equation modeling. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 558-577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.112.4.558
16. Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., van der Maas, H. L. J., & Borsboom, D. (2010a). Comorbidity: A network perspective. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 137-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X09991567
17. Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., van der Maas, H. L. J., & Borsboom, D. (2010b). Complex realities require complex theories: Refining and extending the network approach to mental disorders. Behavioral and BrainSciences, 33, 178-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X10000920
18. DiNardo, P. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1988). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Revised. Albany, NY: Graywind Publications.
19. DiNardo, P. A., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Lifetime Version (ADIS-IV-L). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
20. Epskamp, S., Borsboom, D., & Fried, E. I. (2018). Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper. Behavior Research Methods, 50, 195-212.
21. Epskamp, S., Cramer, A. O., Waldorp, L. J., Schmittmann, V. D., & Borsboom, D. (2012). qgraph: Network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data. Journal of Statistical Software, 48, 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i04
22. Epskamp, S., & Fried, E. I. (in press). A tutorial on regularized partial correlation networks. Psychological Methods. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/met0000167
23. Epskamp, S., Rhemtulla, M., & Borsboom, D. (2017). Generalized network psychometrics: Combining network and latent variable models. Psychometrika, 82, 904-927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11336-017-9557-x
24. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (2002). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition (SCID-I/P). New York, NY: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
25. First, M., Williams, J., Karg, R., & Spitzer, R. (2015). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5-research version. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
26. Fresco, D. M., Coles, M. E., Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hami, S., Stein, M. B., & Goetz, D. (2001). The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: A comparison of the psychometric properties of self-report and clinician-Administered formats. Psychological Medicine, 31, 1025-1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291701004056
27. Fried, E. I., & Cramer, A. O. J. (2017). Moving forward: Challenges and directions for psychopathological network theory and methodology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 999-1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691617705892
28. Fried, E. I., Epskamp, S., Nesse, R. M., Tuerlinckx, F., & Borsboom, D. (2016). What are ?good? depression symptoms? Comparing the centrality of DSM and non-DSM symptoms of depression in a network analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 189, 314-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.005
29. Fried, E. I., van Borkulo, C. D., Cramer, A. O. J., Boschloo, L., Schoevers, R. A., & Borsboom, D. (2017). Mental disorders as networks of problems: A review of recent insights. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1319-z
30. Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Brozovich, F., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84, 427-437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000092
31. Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Werner, K., Kraemer, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 1034-1040.
32. Gollob, H. F., & Reichardt, C. S. (1987). Taking account of time lags in causal models. Child Development, 58, 80-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1130293
33. Hambrick, J. P., Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2004). Psychometric properties of disability measures among patients with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18, 825-839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.10.004
34. Harpole, J. K., Levinson, C. A., Woods, C. M., Rodebaugh, T. L., Weeks, J. W., Brown, P. J.,... Liebowitz, M. (2015). Assessing the straightforwardly-worded Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale for differential item functioning across gender and ethnicity. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 37, 306-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-014-9455-9
35. Haslbeck, J. M. B., & Fried, E. I. (2017). How predictable are symptoms in psychopathological networks? A reanalysis of 18 published datasets. Psychological Medicine, 47, 2767-2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717001258
36. Heeren, A., Jones, P. J., & McNally, R. J. (2018). Mapping network connectivity among symptoms of social anxiety and comorbid depression in people with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 228, 75-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.003
37. Heeren, A., & McNally, R. J. (2018). Social anxiety disorder as a densely interconnected network of fear and avoidance of social situations. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 42, 103-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9876-3
38. Heimberg, R. G., Horner, K. J., Juster, H. R., Safren, S. A., Brown, E. J., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1999). Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Psychological Medicine, 29, 199-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291798007879
39. Heimberg, R. G., Mueller, G. P., Holt, C. S., Hope, D. A., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1992). Assessment of anxiety in social interaction and being observed by others: The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale. Behavior Therapy, 23, 53-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80308-9
40. Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., Werner, K., Ziv, M., & Gross, J. J. (2012). A randomized trial of MBSR versus aerobic exercise for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68, 715-731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21863
41. Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167283093007
42. Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V.,... Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 40, 414-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001
43. Leon, A. C., Olfson, M., Portera, L., Farber, L., & Sheehan, D. V. (1997). Assessing psychiatric impairment in primary care with the Sheehan Disability Scale. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 27, 93-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/T8EM-C8YH-373N-1UWD
44. Leon, A. C., Shear, M. K., Portera, L., & Klerman, G. L. (1992). Assessing impairment in patients with panic disorder: The Sheehan Disability Scale. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 27, 78-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00788510
45. Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000414022
46. Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455-470. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/S0005-7967(97)10031-6
47. Maxwell, S. E., & Cole, D. A. (2007). Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation. Psychological Methods, 12, 23-44. http://dx.doi. org/10.1037/1082-989X.12.1.23
48. Maxwell, S. E., Cole, D. A., & Mitchell, M. A. (2011). Bias in crosssectional analyses of longitudinal mediation: Partial and complete mediation under an autoregressive model. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46, 816-841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.606716
49. McNally, R. J., Robinaugh, D. J., Wu, G. W. Y., Wang, L., Deserno, M. K., & Borsboom, D. (2015). Mental disorders as causal systems: A network approach to posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 3, 836-849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702614553230
50. Morgan, S. L., & Winship, C. (2015). Counterfactuals and causal inference: Methods and principles for social research (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
51. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2015). Mplus user?s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Author.
52. Neter, J., Wasserman, W., & Kutner, M. G. (1989). Applied linear regression analysis. Homewood, IL: Irwin.
53. Oakman, J., Van Ameringen, M., Mancini, C., & Farvolden, P. (2003). A confirmatory factor analysis of a self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 149-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.10124
54. Olfson, M., Fireman, B., Weissman, M. M., Leon, A. C., Sheehan, D. V., Kathol, R. G.,... Farber, L. (1997). Mental disorders and disability among patients in a primary care group practice. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1734-1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1734
55. Pearl, J. (2000). Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. R Core Team. (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/
56. Robinaugh, D. J., LeBlanc, N. J., Vuletich, H. A., & McNally, R. J. (2014). Network analysis of persistent complex bereavement disorder in conjugally bereaved adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 510-522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000002
57. Robinaugh, D. J., Millner, A. J., & McNally, R. J. (2016). Identifying highly influential nodes in the complicated grief network. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 747-757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000181
58. Rodebaugh, T. L., Heimberg, R. G., Brown, P. J., Fernandez, K. C., Blanco, C., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2011). More reasons to be straightforward: Findings and norms for two scales relevant to social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 623-630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.02.002
59. Rodebaugh, T. L., Lim, M. H., Fernandez, K. C., Langer, J. K., Weisman, J. S., Tonge, N.,... Shumaker, E. A. (2014). Self and friend?s differing views of social anxiety disorder?s effects on friendships. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 715-724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000015
60. Rodebaugh, T. L., Woods, C. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2007). The reverse of social anxiety is not always the opposite: The reverse-scored items of the social interaction anxiety scale do not belong. Behavior Therapy, 38, 192-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2006.08.001
61. Rodebaugh, T. L., Woods, C. M., Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., & Schneier, F. R. (2006). The factor structure and screening utility of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. Psychological Assessment, 18, 231-237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.18.2.231
62. Rodebaugh, T. L., Woods, C. M., Thissen, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Chambless, D. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2004). More information from fewer questions: The factor structure and item properties of the original and brief fear of negative evaluation scale. Psychological Assessment, 16, 169-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.16.2.169
63. Ruzzano, L., Borsboom, D., & Geurts, H. M. (2015). Repetitive behaviors in autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder: New perspectives from a network analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 192-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2204-9
64. Sheehan, D. V. (1983). The anxiety disease. New York, NY: Scribner
65. Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E.,... Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(Suppl. 20), 22-33.
66. Stekhoven, D. J., & Böhlmann, P. (2012). MissForest-non-parametric missing value imputation for mixed-Type data. Bioinformatics, 28, 112-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr597
67. Terluin, B., de Boer, M. R., & de Vet, H. C. W. (2016). Differences in connection strength between mental symptoms might be explained by differences in variance: Reanalysis of network data did not confirm staging. PLoS ONE, 11, e0155205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155205
68. van de Leemput, I. A., Wichers, M., Cramer, A. O. J., Borsboom, D., Tuerlinckx, F., Kuppens, P.,... Scheffer, M. (2014). Critical slowing down as early warning for the onset and termination of depression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111,87-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312114110
69. Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Hart, T. A., Turk, C. L., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2005). Empirical validation and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 17,179-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.17.2.179
70. Wichers, M. (2014). The dynamic nature of depression: A new micro-level perspective of mental disorder that meets current challenges. Psychological Medicine, 44, 1349-1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033 291713001979
71. Wichers, M., Groot, P. C., & Psychosystems, ESM Group, & EWS Group. (2016). Critical slowing down as a personalized early warning signal for depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 85, 114-116. http://dx. doi.org/10.1159/000441458