Enzymatic modifications of chitin and chitosan

Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives: Biological Activities and Applications

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 185-191

  Zhao, Yong ^a   Ju, Wan Taek ^b   Park, Ro Dong ^b  

^a GUNMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b Chonnam National University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85052000980     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/EBK1439816035     Document Type: Chapter

References (40)

1. Aronson, N. N. and Halloran, B. A. 2006. Optimum substrate size and specific anomer requirements for the reducing-end glycoside hydrolase di-N-acetylchitobiase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 70:1537-1541.
2. Aye, K. N., Karuppuswamy, R., Ahamed, T., and Stevens, W. F. 2006. Peripheral enzymatic deacetylation of chitin and reprecipitated chitin particles. Bioresour Technol 97:577-582.
3. Cote, N., Fleury, A., Dumont-Blanchette, E., Fukamizo, T., Mitsutomi, M., and Brzezinski, R. 2006. Two exo-β-D-glucosaminidases/exochitosanases from actinomycetes define a new subfamily within family 2 of glycoside hydrolases. Biochem J 394:675-686.
4. El Gueddari, N. E., Rauchhaus, U., Moerschbacher, B. M., and Deising, H. B. 2002. Developmentally regulated conversion of surface-exposed chitin to chitosan in cell walls of plant pathogenic fungi. New Phytol 156:103-112.
5. El Gueddari, N. E., Schaaf, A., Koflhoff, M., Gorzelanny, C., Schneider, S. W., and Moerschbacher, B. M. 2007. Substrates and products of chitin-and chitosan-modifying enzymes. In S. Şenel, K. M. Vårum, M. M. Şumnu, and A. A. Hincal (Eds.), Advances in Chitin Science, Vol. 10, pp. 119-126. Ankara, Turkey: Hacettepe University Press.
6. Fukamizo, T. 2000. Chitinolytic enzymes: Catalysis, substrate binding, and their application. Curr Protein Pept Sci 1:105-124.
7. Fukamizo, T., Amano, S., Yamaguchi, K. et al. 2005. Bacillus circulans MH-K1 chitosanase: Amino acid residues responsible for substrate binding. J Biochem 138:563-569.
8. Gao, X. A., Ju, W. T., Jung, W. J., and Park, R. D. 2008. Purification and characterization of chitosanase from Bacillus cereus D-11. Carbohydr Polym 72:513-520.
9. Gao, X. A., Jung, W. J., Kuk, J. H., and Park, R. D. 2009. Reaction pattern of Bacillus cereus D-11 chitosanase on chitooligosaccharide alcohols. J Microbiol Biotechnol 19:358-361.
10. Hekmat, O., Tokuyasu, K., and Withers, S. G. 2003. Subsite structure of the endo-type chitin deacetylase from a Deuteromycete, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum: An investigation using steady-state kinetic analysis and MS. Biochem J 374:369-380.
11. Honda, Y., Taniguchi, H., and Kitaoka, M. 2008. A reducing-end-acting chitinase from Vibrio proteolyticus belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 19. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 78:627-634.
12. Horn, S. J., Sorbotten, A., Synstad, B. et al. 2006. Endo/exo mechanism and processivity of family 18 chitinases produced by Serratia marcescens. FEBS J 273:491-503.
13. Hsiao, Y. C., Lin, Y. W., Su, C. K., and Chiang, B. H. 2008. High degree polymerized chitooligosaccharides synthesis by chitosanase in the bulk aqueous system and reversed micellar microreactors. Process Biochem 43:76-82.
14. Jo, Y. Y., Jo, K. J., Jin, Y. L. et al. 2003. Characterization and kinetics of 45 kDa chitosanase from Bacillus sp. P16. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 67:1875-1882.
15. John, M., Rohrig, H., Schmidt, J., Wieneke, U., and Schell, J. 1993. Rhizobium NodB protein involved in nodulation signal synthesis is a chitooligosaccharide deacetylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:625-629.
16. Jung, W. J., Kuk, J. H., Kim, K. Y., Jung, K. C., and Park, R. D. 2006. Purification and characterization of exo-β-D-glucosaminidase from Aspergillus fumigatus S-26. Protein Expr Purif 45:125-131.
17. Jung, W. J., Kuk, J. H., Kim, K. Y., Kim, T. H., and Park, R. D. 2005. Purification and characterization of chitinase from Paenibacillus illinoisensis KJA-424. J Microbiol Biotechnol 15:274-280.
18. Kadokura, K., Rokutani, A., Yamamoto, M. et al. 2007. Purification and characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus extracellular chitinase and chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase involved in the production of heterodisaccharide from chitin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 75:357-365.
19. Kuk, J. H., Jung, W. J., Jo, G. H., Ahn, J. S., Kim, K. Y., and Park, R. D. 2005. Selective preparation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N, N′-diacetylchitobiose from chitin using a crude enzyme preparation from Aeromonas sp. Biotechnol Lett 27:7-11.
20. Li, C., Huang, W., and Wang, L. X. 2008. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of N-linked neoglycoproteins through a chitinase-catalyzed transglycosylation. Bioorg Med Chem 16:8366-8372.
21. Martinou, A., Bouriotis, V., Stokke, B. T., and Vårum, K. M. 1998. Mode of action of chitin deacetylase from Mucor rouxii on partially N-acetylated chitosans. Carbohydr Res 311:71-78.
22. Mitsutomi, M., Watanabe, M., Hirano, K., and Seki, K. 2008. Classification of chitosanases by hydrolytic specificity against N, N4-diacetylchitohexaose. Eur Chitin Soc News Lett 24:8-9.
23. Nanjo, F., Katsumi, R., and Sakai, K. 1990. Purification and characterization of an exo-β-D-glucosaminidase, a novel type of enzyme, from Nocardia orientalis. J Biol Chem 265:10088-10094.
24. Nogawa, M., Takahashi, H., Kashiwagi, A., Ohshima, K., Okada, H., and Morikawa, Y. 1998. Purification and characterization of exo-β-D-glucosaminidase from a cellulolytic fungus, Trichoderma reesei PC-3-7. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:890-895.
25. Perugino, G., Trincone, A., Rossi, M., and Moracci, M. 2004. Oligosaccharide synthesis by glycosynthases. Trends Biotechnol 22:31-37.
26. Suzuki, K., Sugawara, N., Suzuki, M. et al. 2002. Chitinases A, B, and C1 of Serratia marcescens 2170 produced by recombinant Escherichia coli: Enzymatic properties and synergism on chitin degradation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 66:1075-1083.
27. Tanaka, T., Fukui, T., Fujiwara, S., Atomi, H., and Imanaka, T. 2004. Concerted action of diacetylchitobiose deacetylase and exo-β-D-glucosaminidase in a novel chitinolytic pathway in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1. J Biol Chem 279:30021-30027.
28. Tokuyasu, K., Mitsutomi, M., Yamaguchi, I., Hayashi, K., and Mori, Y. 2000a. Recognition of chitooligosaccharides and their N-acetyl groups by putative subsites of chitin deacetylase from a Deuteromycete, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Biochemistry 39:8837-8843.
29. Tokuyasu, K., Ono, H., Hayashi, K., and Mori, Y. 1999. Reverse hydrolysis reaction of chitin deacetylase and enzymatic synthesis of β-D-GlcNAc-(1-4)-GlcN from chitobiose. Carbohydr Res 322:26-31.
30. Tokuyasu, K., Ono, H., Mitsutomi, M., Hayashi, K., and Mori, Y. 2000b. Synthesis of a chitosan tetramer derivative, β-D-GlcNAc-(1-4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1-4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1-4)-D-GlcN through a partial N-acetylation reaction by chitin deacetylase. Carbohydr Res 325:211-215.
31. Tokuyasu, K., Ono, H., Ohnishi-Kameyama, M., Hayashi, K., and Mori, Y. 1997. Deacetylation of chitin oligosaccharides of dp 2-4 by chitin deacetylase from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Carbohydr Res 303:353-358.
32. Tsigos, I., Zydowicz, N., Martinou, A., Domard, A., and Bouriotis, V. 1999. Mode of action of chitin deacetylase from Mucor rouxii on N-acetylchitooligosaccharides. Eur J Biochem 261:698-705.
33. Usui, T., Hayashi, Y., Nanjo, F., Sakai, K., and Ishido, Y. 1987. Transglycosylation reaction of a chitinase purified from Nocardia orientalis. Biochim Biophys Acta 923:302-309.
34. Usui, T., Matsui, H., and Isobe, K. 1990. Enzymic synthesis of useful chito-oligosaccharides utilizing transglycosylation by chitinolytic enzymes in a buffer containing ammonium sulfate. Carbohydr Res 203:65-77.
35. Vaaje-Kolstad, G., Horn, S. J., van Aalten, D. M., Synstad, B., and Eijsink, V. G. 2005. The non-catalytic chitin-binding protein CBP21 from Serratia marcescens is essential for chitin degradation. J Biol Chem 280:28492-28497.
36. Vollmer, W. and Tomasz, A. 2000. The pgdA gene encodes for a peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Biol Chem 275:20496-20501.
37. Win, N. N. and Stevens, W. F. 2001. Shrimp chitin as substrate for fungal chitin deacetylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 57:334-341.
38. Yao, Y. Y., Shrestha, K. L., Wu, Y. J. et al. 2008. Structural simulation and protein engineering to convert an endo-chitosanase to an exo-chitosanase. Protein Eng Des Sel 21:561-566.
39. Zhang, X. Y., Dai, A. L., Zhang, X. K. et al. 2000. Purification and characterization of chitosanase and exo-β-D-glucosaminidase from a Koji mold, Aspergillus oryzae IAM2660. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64:1896-1902.
40. Zhao, Y., Park, R. D., and Muzzarelli, R. A. A. 2010. Chitin deacetylases: Properties and applications. Marine Drugs 8:24-46.