Comparing Brief Internet-Based Compassionate Mind Training and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perinatal Women: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

JMIR Research Protocols

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2016, Pages

  Kelman, Alex R ^a   Stanley, Meagan L ^a   Barrera, Alinne Z ^a,b   Cree, Michelle ^c,d   Heineberg, Yotam ^a,e   Gilbert, Paul ^c,d  

^a PALO ALTO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b i4health   (United States)

^c DERBYSHIRE HEALTHCARE NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^d The Compassionate Mind Foundation   (United Kingdom)

^e STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Amazon Mechanical Turk; comparative trial; Internet intervention; perinatal depression

Indexed keywords

EID: 85051100487     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19290748     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2196/resprot.5332     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Goodman JH. Postpartum Depression Beyond the Early Postpartum Period. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing 2004 Jul 01;33(4):410-420. [doi: 10.1177/0884217504266915]
2. Perry BD. The Neurodevelopmental Costs of Adverse Childhood Events. 2000. The Neuroarcheology of Childhood MaltreatmentURL:http://www.juconicomparte.org/recursos/Neuroarcheology%20of%20childhood%20maltreatment-zmH8. pdf [accessed 2016-03-03] [WebCite Cache ID 6fjpmrGTm]
3. Gavin NI, Gaynes BN, Lohr KN, Meltzer-Brody S, Gartlehner G, Swinson T. Perinatal depression: A systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet Gynecol 2005 Nov;106(5 Pt 1):1071-1083. [doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000183597.31630.db] [Medline: 16260528]
4. Almond P. Postnatal depression: A global public health perspective. Perspectives in Public Health 2009 Sep 15;129(5):221-227. [doi: 10.1177/1757913909343882]
5. Yonkers KA, Ramin SM, Rush AJ, Navarrete CA, Carmody T, March D, et al. Onset and Persistence of Postpartum Depression in an Inner-City Maternal Health Clinic System. AJP 2001 Nov;158(11):1856-1863. [doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1856]
6. Perveen T, Mahmood S, Gosadi I, Mehraj J, Sheikh S. Long Term Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Treatment of Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pioneer Med Sci Oct-Dec 2013;3(4):198-204.
7. O'Hara MW. Postpartum depression: what we know. J Clin Psychol 2009 Dec;65(12):1258-1269. [doi: 10.1002/jclp.20644] [Medline: 19827112]
8. Misri S, Reebye P, Corral M, Milis L. The use of paroxetine and cognitive-behavioral therapy in postpartum depression and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2004 Sep;65(9):1236-1241. [Medline: 15367052]
9. O'Hara MW, McCabe JE. Postpartum depression: current status and future directions. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2013;9:379-407. [doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185612] [Medline: 23394227]
10. Yonkers KA, Blackwell KA, Glover J, Forray A. Antidepressant use in pregnant and postpartum women. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2014;10:369-392 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153626] [Medline: 24313569]
11. O'Mahen H, Himle JA, Fedock G, Henshaw E, Flynn H. A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for perinatal depression adapted for women with low incomes. Depress Anxiety 2013 Jul;30(7):679-687. [doi: 10.1002/da.22050] [Medline: 23319454]
12. Berger M, Wagner TH, Baker LC. Internet use and stigmatized illness. Soc Sci Med 2005 Oct;61(8):1821-1827. [doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.025] [Medline: 16029778]
13. Clatworthy J. The effectiveness of antenatal interventions to prevent postnatal depression in high-risk women. J Affect Disord 2012 Mar;137(1-3):25-34. [doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.02.029] [Medline: 21514960]
14. Ritterband LM, Tate DF. The science of internet interventions. Introduction. Ann Behav Med 2009 Aug;38(1):1-3. [doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9132-5] [Medline: 19816750]
15. Muñoz RF. Using evidence-based internet interventions to reduce health disparities worldwide. J Med Internet Res 2010;12(5):e60 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1463] [Medline: 21169162]
16. Barrera AZ, Kelman AR, Muñoz RF. Keywords to recruit Spanish-And English-speaking participants: evidence from an online postpartum depression randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2014 Jan;16(1):e6 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2999] [Medline: 24407163]
17. The Compassionate Mind: A New Approach to Life's Challenges 1st edition. Oakland, Ca: New Harbinger Publications; 2010.
18. Gilbert P. Compassion focused therapy: distinctive features. London: Routledge; 2010.
19. Singer T, Bolz M. Compassion: Bridging practice and science. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences; 2013.
20. Weng HY, Fox AS, Shackman AJ, Stodola DE, Caldwell Jessica Z K, Olson MC, et al. Compassion training alters altruism and neural responses to suffering. Psychol Sci 2013 Jul 1;24(7):1171-1180 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1177/0956797612469537] [Medline: 23696200]
21. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
22. Eberth J, Sedlmeier P. The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation: A Meta-Analysis. Mindfulness 2012 May 2;3(3):174-189. [doi: 10.1007/s12671-012-0101-x]
23. Muñoz R. Preventing major depression by promoting emotion regulation: A conceptual framework and some practical tools. Int J Ment Health Promot Sept 1998;1(1):23-40.
24. Gilbert P, Clarke M, Hempel S, Miles J N V, Irons C. Criticizing and reassuring oneself: An exploration of forms, styles and reasons in female students. Br J Clin Psychol 2004 Mar;43(Pt 1):31-50. [doi: 10.1348/014466504772812959] [Medline: 15005905]
25. Löwe B, Wahl I, Rose M, Spitzer C, Glaesmer H, Wingenfeld K, et al. A 4-item measure of depression and anxiety: validation and standardization of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in the general population. J Affect Disord 2010 Apr;122(1-2):86-95. [doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.019] [Medline: 19616305]
26. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams Janet B W, Löwe B. An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ-4. Psychosomatics 2009 Dec;50(6):613-621. [doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.50.6.613] [Medline: 19996233]
27. Löwe B, Kroenke K, Gräfe K. Detecting and monitoring depression with a two-item questionnaire (PHQ-2). J Psychosom Res 2005 Feb;58(2):163-171. [doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.09.006] [Medline: 15820844]
28. Raes F, Pommier E, Neff KD, Van GD. Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clin Psychol Psychother 2011 Jun;18(3):250-255. [doi: 10.1002/cpp.702] [Medline: 21584907]
29. Authors?. www.consort-statement.org/. 2007. CONSORT statement 2007URL:http://www.consort-statement.org/ [accessed 2016-03-05] [WebCite Cache ID 6fm4lEG6y]
30. O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation-Treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2013 Sep 25;150(3):814-822. [doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.005] [Medline: 23602514]
31. O'Mahen HA, Richards DA, Woodford J, Wilkinson E, McGinley J, Taylor RS, et al. Netmums: A phase II randomized controlled trial of a guided Internet behavioural activation treatment for postpartum depression. Psychol Med 2014 Jun;44(8):1675-1689 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1017/S0033291713002092] [Medline: 24148703]
32. Barrera AZ, Wickham RE, Muñoz RF. Online prevention of postpartum depression for Spanish-And English-speaking pregnant women: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv 2015 Sep 1;2(3):257-265. [doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2015.06.002] [Medline: 26273567]
33. Crump Matthew J C, McDonnell JV, Gureckis TM. Evaluating Amazon's Mechanical Turk as a tool for experimental behavioral research. PLoS One 2013;8(3):e57410 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057410] [Medline: 23516406]
34. Buhrmester M, Kwang T, Gosling SD. Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality, Data? Perspectives on Psychological Science 2011 Feb 03;6(1):3-5. [doi: 10.1177/1745691610393980]
35. Donkin L, Christensen H, Naismith SL, Neal B, Hickie IB, Glozier N. A systematic review of the impact of adherence on the effectiveness of e-Therapies. J Med Internet Res 2011;13(3):e52 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1772] [Medline: 21821503]
36. Gilbert P, Procter S. Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clin. Psychol. Psychother 2006 Nov;13(6):353-379. [doi: 10.1002/cpp.507]
37. Family Nurse Partnernship Learning Pack. Compassionate Mind Training For Family Nurses. In: National Health Service: United Kingdom. United Kingdom: Crown Copyright; 2011.