In-between seats: The participation of the European Union in international organizations

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 155-187

  Govaere, Inge ^a   Capiau, Jeroen ^a   Vermeersch, An ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85050175193     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.54648/eerr2004012     Document Type: Review

References (22)

1. J. Sack, 'The European Community's Membership of International Organizations' (1995) 32 CML Rev, pp. 1227-1257.
2. I. Macleod, I.D. Hendry and S. Hyett, The External Relations of the European Communities (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996).
3. ECJ, Opinion 1/76 (Draft Agreement on the establishment of a European Laying-up Fund for Inland Waterway Vessels), [1977] ECR 741, at 755, para 5.
4. I. Brownlie, Principles of public international law (5th edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1998), pp. 679-680.
5. D. O'Keeffe, 'Community and Member State Competence in External Relations Agreements of the EU' (1999) 4 EFA Rev, pp. 7-36.
6. A turning point came with Opinion 1/94 where the ECJ gave a very restrictive definition of CCP. See ECJ, Opinion 1/94 (Competence of the Community to conclude international agreements concerning services and the protection of intellectual property), [1994] ECR I-5267. For a critical analysis, see J.H.J. Bourgeois, 'The EC in the WTO and Advisory Opinion 1/94: An Echternach Procession' (1995) 32 CML Rev, pp. 763-787.
7. See I. Govaere, 'The Supranational Courts and the Application of Community Law: Positive and Negative Aspects' in D. Ventura (ed.), Direito Communitario do Mercosul (Livraria do Advogado Editoria, 1997), pp. 139-161.
8. See ECJ, Opinion 2/91 (Convention No 170 of the International Labour Organization concerning safety in the use of chemicals at work), [1993] ECR I-1061, at I-1083, paras 9-11.
9. A.M. Arnull, A.A. Dashwood, M.G. Ross and D.A. Wyatt, Wyatt & Dashwood's European Union Law (4th edn, Sweet & Maxwell, London 2000), p. 184;
10. M. Cremona, 'The question of legal personality' in A. Ott and K. Ingliss (eds), Handbook on European Enlargement, A Commentary on the Enlargement Process (T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague, 2002), pp. 7-11.
11. For a positive approach towards EU's legal personality, see R. Wessel, 'Revisiting the International Legal Status of the EU' (2000) 5 EFA Rev, pp. 507-537.
12. A. Dashwood and C. Hillion (eds), The General Law of E.C. External Relations (Sweet & Maxwell, London, 2000), pp. 79-99.
13. P. Demaret et al (eds), Regionalism and Multilateralism after the Uruguay Round, Convergence, Divergence and Interaction (European University Press, Brussels, 1997), pp. 703-714.
14. See Council press release, 2482nd Council meeting, General Affairs and External Relations, 5396/03 (Presse 8), 27 January 2003, p. 14.
15. See C. Magarinos, G. Assaf, S. Lall, J. Martinussen, R. Ricupero and F. Sercovich, Reforming the UN System (Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 2001); EU set to demand permanent seat at UN, , 23 September 2003. See also the UN Reform Dossier at the UN website, .
16. UN Resolution 3208 (XXIX). For a comprehensive study, see, J. Wouters, 'The European Union as an actor within the United Nations General Assembly' in V. Kronenberger, The European Union and the International legal Order: Discord or Harmony? (T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague, 2001), pp. 375-404.
17. See also K. Lenaerts and E. Desmijter, 'The United Nations and the European Union: Living apart together' in K. Wellens (ed.), International law: Theory and practice. Essays in honour of Eric Suy (Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 1998), pp. 439-458.
18. K. Lenaerts, Constitutional Law of the European Union (Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1999), p. 619
19. See for details N. Angelet, 'La mise en oeuvre des mesures coercitives économiques des Nations-Unies dans la Communauté européenne' (1993) Revue Belge de Droit International, pp. 519-520.
20. D. Bethlehem, 'Regional interface between Security Council decisions and Member States implementation: The example of the European Union' in V. Gowlland-Debbas (ed.), United Nations sanctions and International Law (Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 2001), pp. 291-305
21. D. Bethlehem comments that only in the case of Germany, which became a Member of the UN in 1973, the rights and obligations created by the EC Treaty predate those of the UN Charter, see D. Bethlehem, note 101 above, p. 296.
22. For more information, see J. Frowein, 'Implementation of Security Council Resolutions taken under Chapter VII in Germany' in V. Gowlland-Debbas (ed.), United Nations sanctions and International Law (Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 2001), pp. 253-265. For the situation