The prognosis of acute blunt cervical spinal cord injury

Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care

Volumn 66, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1441-1445

  Huang, Yu Hua ^a,b   Yang, Tzu Ming ^a   Lin, Wei Che ^a   Ho, Jih Tsun ^a   Lee, Tao Chen ^a   Chen, Wu Fu ^a   Rau, Cheng Shyuan ^a   Wang, Hung Chen ^a  

^a CHANG GUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b CHANG GUNG MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Cervical spinal cord injury; Japanese orthopaedic association score; Prognosis

Indexed keywords

STEROID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BLUNT TRAUMA; CERVICAL SPINAL CORD INJURY; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECOMPRESSION SURGERY; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; EDEMA; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK HERNIA; JAPAN; LENGTH OF STAY; LIMB WEAKNESS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NECK PAIN; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; NEUROSURGERY; OPERATION DURATION; PARESTHESIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCORING SYSTEM; SENSORY DYSFUNCTION; SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION; SPINE RADIOGRAPHY; STEROID THERAPY; VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; ACUTE DISEASE; CERVICAL SPINE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONVALESCENCE; INJURY; INJURY SCALE; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHYSIOTHERAPY; PROBABILITY; REFERENCE VALUE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURY; TIME; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADULT; CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; DECOMPRESSION, SURGICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INJURY SEVERITY SCORE; LENGTH OF STAY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES; PROBABILITY; PROGNOSIS; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; REFERENCE VALUES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; TIME FACTORS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WOUNDS, NONPENETRATING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85047684443     PISSN: 00225282     EISSN: 15298809     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e318184ba88     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Tator CH. Epidemiology and general characteristics of the spinal cord injury patient. In: Benzel EC, Tator CH, eds. Contemporary Management of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurosurgical Topics. Park Ridge, IL: American Association of Neurological Surgeons; 1995:9-13.
2. Trafton PC. Spinal cord injuries. Surg Clin North Am. 1982; 62:61-72.
3. Fehlings MG, Sekhon L. Cellular, ionic and biomolecular mechanisms of the injury process. In: Benzel E, Tator CH, eds. Contemporary Management of Spinal Cord Injury: From Impact to Rehabilitation. Chicago, IL: American Association of Neurological Surgeons; 2000:3-50.
4. Amar AP, Levy ML. Pathogenesis and pharmacological strategies for mitigating secondary damage in acute spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery. 1999;44:1027-1039.
5. Tator CH. Pathophysiology and pathology of spinal cord injury. In: Wilkins RH, Rengachary SS, eds. Neurosurgery. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1996:2847-2859.
6. Faden Al. Experimental neurobiology of central nervous system trauma. Crit Rev Neurobiol. 1993;7:175-186.
7. Young W, Huang PP, Kume-Kick J. Cellular, ionic and biomolecular mechanisms of the injury process. In: Benzel EC, Tator CH, eds. Contemporary Management of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurosurgical Topics. Park Ridge, IL: American Association of Neurological Surgeons; 1995:27-42.
8. Anderson DK, Hall ED. Pathophysiology of spinal cord trauma. Aim Emerg Med. 1993;22:987-992.
9. Carlson GD, Minato Y, Okada A, et al. Early time-dependent decompression for spinal cord injury: vascular mechanisms of recovery. J Neurotrauma. 1997;14:951-962.
10. Delamarter RB, Sherman J, Carr JB. Pathophysiology of spinal cord injury. Recovery after immediate and delayed decompression. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:1042-1049.
11. Dimar JR II, Glassman SD, Raque GH, Zhang YP, Shields CP. The influence of spinal canal narrowing and timing of decompression on neurologic recovery after spinal cord contusion in a rat model. Spine. 1999;24:1623-1633.
12. Carlson GD, Gorden CD, Oliff HS, Pillai JJ, LaManna JC. Sustained spinal cord compression. Part I: Time-dependent effect on long-term pathophysiology. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85:86-94.
13. Vaccaro AR, Daugherty RJ, Sheehan TP, et al. Neurologic outcome of early versus late surgery for cervical spinal cord injury. Spine. 1997;22:2609-2613.
14. Papadopoulos SM, Selden NR, Quint DJ, Patel N, Gillespie B, Grube S. Immediate spinal cord decompression for cervical spinal cord injury: feasibility and outcome. J Trauma. 2002; 52:323-332.
15. Pointillart V, Petitjean ME, Wiart L, et al. Pharmacological therapy of spinal cord injury during the acute phase. Spinal Cord. 2000; 38:71-76.
16. McKinley W, Meade MA, Kirshblum S, Barnard B. Outcomes of early surgical management versus late or no surgical intervention after acute spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004; 85:1818-1825.
17. La Rosa G, Conti A, Cardali S, Cacciola F, Tomasello F. Does early decompression improve neurological outcome of spinal cord injured patients? Appraisal of the literature using a meta-analytical approach. Spinal Cord. 2004;42:503-512.
18. Pollard ME, Apple DF. Factors associated with improved neurologic outcomes in patients with incomplete tetraplegia. Spine. 2005;28:33-39.
19. Weinshel SS, Maiman DJ, Baek P, Scales L. Neurologic recovery in quadriplegia following operative treatment. J Spinal Disord. 1990; 3:244-249.
20. Duh MS, Shepard MJ, Wilberger JE, Bracken MB. The effectiveness of surgery on the treatment of acute spinal cord injury and its relation to pharmacological treatment. Neurosurgery. 1994;35:240- 249.
21. Benzel EC, Lancon J, Kesterson L, Hadden T. Cervical laminectomy and dentate ligament section for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. J Spinal Disord. 1991;4:286-295.
22. Hirabayashi K, Miyakawa J, Satomi K, Mar'uyama T, Wakano K. Operative results and postoperative progression of ossification among patients with ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine. 1981;6:354-364.
23. Wu L, Marino RJ, Herbison GJ, Ditunno JF Jr. Recovery of zero- grade muscles in the zone of partial preservation in motor complete quadriplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992;73:40-43.
24. Bedbrook GM. Spinal injuries with tetraplegia and paraplegia. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1979;61:267-284.
25. Botel U, Glaser E, Niedeggen A. The surgical treatment of acute spinal paralyzed patients. Spinal Cord. 1997;35:420-428.
26. Vale FL, Burns J, Jackson AB, Hadley MN. Combined medical and surgical treatment after acute spinal cord injury: results of a prospective pilot study to assess the merits of aggressive medical resuscitation and blood pressure management. J Neurosurg. 1997; 87:239-246.
27. Waters RL, Adkins RH, Yakura JS, Sie I. Effect of surgery on motor recovery following traumatic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1996;34:188-192.
28. Bracken MB, Holford TR. Effects' of timing of methylprednisolone or naloxone administration on recovery of segmental and long- tract neurological function in NASCIS 2. J Neurosurg. 1993; 80:954-955.
29. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1405-1411.
30. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, et al. Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury: results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 1997;277:1597-1604.
31. Bredsen DE. Apoptosis: overview and signal transduction pathways. J Neurotrauma. 2000;17:801-810.
32. Eldadah BA, Faden Al. Caspase pathways, neuronal apoptosis, and CNS injury. J Neurotrauma. 2000;17:811-829.
33. Raghupathi R, Graham DI, Mcintosh TK. Apoptosis after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2000;17:927-938.
34. Yakovlev AG, Knoblach SM, Fan L, Fox GB, Goodnight R, Faden Al. Activation of CPP32-like caspases contributes to neuronal apoptosis and neurological dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. JNeurosci. 1997;17:7414-7424.
35. dark RS, Kochanek PM, Watkins SC, et al. Caspase-3 mediated neuronal death after traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurochem. 2000;74:740-753.