Assad’s Strategic Narrative: The Role of Communication in the Syrian Civil War

Contemporary Review of the Middle East

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 313-327

  Marco Scartozzi, Cesare ^a  

^a Yonsei University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Bashar al Assad; civil war; communication; crisis management; strategic narrative; Syria

Indexed keywords

EID: 85045337476     PISSN: 23477989     EISSN: 23490055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/2347798915610037     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Al-Assad, B. (2011a, June 20). President al-Assad 2011 Damascus University speech. Retrieved December 14, 2014, from http://www.presidentassad.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=359:president-al-assad-2011-damascus-university-speech&catid=117&Itemid=496
2. Al-Assad, B. (2011b, April 16). President al-Assad’s speech to the new government. Retrieved December 14, 2014, from http://www.presidentassad.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=306:president-al-assad-s-speech-to-the-new-government&catid=117&Itemid=496
3. Al-Assad, B. (2011c, March 30). President Bashar al-Assad’s a speech at the people’s assembly. Retrieved December 13, 2014, from http://www.presidentassad.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=305:president-bashar-al-assad-s-a-speech-at-the-people-s-assembly-march-30-2011&catid=117&Itemid=496
4. Al-Sharekh, A. (2011). Reform and rebirth in the Middle East. Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, 53(2), 51–60. http://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2011.571010
5. Allaf, R. (2004). Point of no return? The World Today, 60(11), 12–14.
6. Allison, R. (2013). Russia and Syria: Explaining alignment with a regime in crisis. International Affairs, 89(4), 795–823.
7. Amster, H.W. (2012). Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic. International Legal Materials, 51(6), 1381–1466.
8. Becker, C. (2006). Strategies of power consolidation in Syria under Bashar al-Assad: Modernizing control over resources. The Arab Studies Journal, 13/14(2/1), 65–91.
9. Bonsey, N.B. (2014). What Obama doesn’t understand about Syria. Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/11/26/what-obama-doesnt-understand-about-syria/
10. Booth, R., Mahmood, M., & Harding, L. (2012). The Assad emails. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/14/assad-emails-lift-lid-inner-circle
11. Byman, D. (2012). Regime change in the Middle East: Problems and prospects. Political Science Quarterly, 127(1), 25–46. http://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-165X.2012.tb00719.x
12. Clausewitz, C. von (1976). On war. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
13. Dalacoura, K. (2012). The 2011 uprisings in the Arab Middle East: Political change and geopolitical implications. International Affair, 88(1), 63–79.
14. Goldstone, J.A. (2011). Understanding the revolutions of 2011. Foreign Affairs, 90(3), 8–16.
15. Harris, S., & Hudson, J. (2014). What’s in a word? Confusion about U.S. policy toward Syria. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/09/15/whats-in-a-word-confusion-about-u-s-policy-toward-syria/
16. International Crisis Group. (2011). Popular protest in North Africa and the Middle East (VII): The Syrian regime’s slow-motion suicide. North Africa Report N°109, 13 July 2011. Retrieved from http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/syria-lebanon/syria/109-popular-protest-in-north-africa-and-the-middle-east-vii-the-syrian-regimes-slow-motion-suicide.aspx
17. Kenner, D. (2014). The audacity of hopelessness: Why Bashar al-Assad will cruise to victory. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/04/02/the-audacity-of-hopelessness-why-bashar-al-assad-will-cruise-to-victory/
18. Lynch, C. (2014). Exclusive: Washington cuts funds for investigating Bashar al-Assad’s war crimes. Retrieved December 14, 2014, from http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/11/03/exclusive-washington-cuts-funds-for-investigating-bashar-al-assads-war-crimes/
19. Menendez, R. (2013, September 10). S.J.Res.21—113th Congress (2013–2014): Authorization for the use of military force against the government of Syria to respond to use of chemical weapons. Retrieved December 14, 2014, from https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/21
20. Office of the Press Secretary. (2012). Remarks by the President to the White House Press Corps. Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/08/20/remarks-president-white-house-press-corps
21. Putin, V.V. (2013). What Putin has to say to Americans about Syria. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/opinion/putin-plea-for-caution-from-russia-on-syria.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
22. Régis Le Sommier. (2014). World exclusive—our full interview with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.parismatch.com/Actu/International/Our-Interview-with-Syrian-President-Bashar-al-Assad-661984
23. Simpson, E. (2013). War from the ground up: Twenty-first-century combat as politics (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
24. Smyth, P. (2012). Syria’s 31 percenters: How Bashar al-Assad built minority alliances and countered minority foes. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.gloria-center.org/2012/04/syria%E2%80%99s-31-percenters-how-bashar-al-asad-built-minority-alliances-and-countered-minority-foes/
25. The Guardian. (2012, March 14). Assad emails: “Suggestions for the president’s speech”—translation. Retrieved December 14, 2014, from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/14/bashar-al-assad-syria15
26. Traub, J. (2014). Bashar al-Assad and the devil’s bargain. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/11/14/bashar-al-assad-and-the-devils-bargain/
27. Voltaire Network. (2012). Syrian conflict part of Mideast “geopolitical game.” Retrieved December 14, 2014, from http://www.voltairenet.org/article176349.html
28. WikiLeaks. (2012a). Syria files, political communications. Retrieved December 12, 2014, from https://wikileaks.org/syria-files/docs/2089956_political-communications.html
29. WikiLeaks. (2012b). Syria files, SWVR acknowledgements.
30. Zisser, E. (2005). Bashar al-Assad: In or out of the new world order? The Washington Quarterly, 28(3), 115–131. http://doi.org/10.1162/0163660054026506.