Facial Approximation

Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 60-67

  Stephan, C N ^a  

^a Central Identification Laboratory Joint POW MIA Accounting Command   (United States)

Author keywords

Computer modeling; Craniofacial analysis; Face; Face prediction; Facial approximation; Facial recognition; Facial reconstruction; Facial reproduction; Facial soft tissue depths; Forensic art; Identification; Skeleton; Skull

Indexed keywords

EID: 85043267781     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-382165-2.00012-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (17)

1. De Greef S., Willems G. Three-dimensional cranio-facial reconstruction in forensic identification: Latest progress and new tendencies in the 21st century. Journal of Forensic Sciences 2005, 50:12-17.
2. Gerasimov M.M. Vosstanovlenie lica po cerepu 1955, Izdat. Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva.
3. Işcan M.Y., Helmer R. Forensic Analysis of the Skull 1993, Wiley-Liss, New York.
4. Jordanov J. Head Reconstruction by the Skull 2003, Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House, Sofia.
5. Prag J., Neave R. Making Faces: Using Forensic and Archaeological Evidence 1997, British Museum Press, London.
6. Snow C.C., Gatliff B.P., McWilliams K.R. Reconstruction of facial features from the skull: An evaluation of its usefulness in forensic anthropology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 1970, 33:221-228.
7. Stephan C.N. Craniofacial identification: Techniques of facial approximation and craniofacial superimposition. Handbook of Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology 2009, 304-321. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek. S. Blau, D.H. Ubelaker (Eds.).
8. Stephan C.N. The accuracy of facial 'reconstruction': A review of the published data and their interpretive value. Minerva Medicolegale 2009, 129:47-60.
9. Stephan C.N., Henneberg M. Building faces from dry skulls: Are they recognized above chance rates?. Journal of Forensic Sciences 2001, 46:432-440.
10. Stephan C.N., Simpson E.K. Facial soft tissue depths in craniofacial identification (part I): An analytical review of the published adult data. Journal of Forensic Sciences 2008, 53:1257-1272.
11. Taylor K.T. Forensic Art and Illustration 2001, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
12. Taylor R.G., Angel C. Facial reconstruction and approximation. Craniofacial Identification in Forensic Medicine 1998, 177-185. Oxford University Press, New York. J.G. Clement, D.L. Ranson (Eds.).
13. Tyrrell A.J., Evison M.P., Chamberlain A.T., Green M.A. Forensic three-dimensional facial reconstruction: Historical review and contemporary developments. Journal of Forensic Sciences 1997, 42:653-661.
14. Wilkinson C. Forensic Facial Reconstruction 2004, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
15. Wilkinson C. Computerized forensic facial reconstruction. Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 2005, 1:173-177.
16. Craniofacial Identification. http://www.craniofacialidentification.com/.
17. Forensic Art. http://www.askaforensicartist.com/.